2024屆北京市石景山區(qū)高三下學(xué)期一模英語試卷（解析版）

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁2024屆北京市石景山區(qū)高三下學(xué)期一模英語試卷學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________一、完形填空Myparentsranasmalleatery,andmyfirstrealjobwasshiningdiners’shoes.My1increasedasIgrewolder.AttheageoftwelveIworkedasa2.DadtoldmethatIwasthebest“mop(拖把)guy”he’deverhad.WorkingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpridebecauseIwas3tothewholefamily.ButmyfathermadeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain4tobepartoftheteam.That’stosay,Ihadtobe5,hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers.Exceptfortheshoeshinejob,Iwasnever6foranyworkIdid.OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthreemealsaday?”Thistaughtmethatwhenyou7,you’dbetterknowtheotherside’sargumentsaswellasyourown.Afterbeingawayinthearmyforabouttwoyears,Icamebackhome.Ihadjustbeenpromotedtocaptainandwasfullof8asIwalkedintomyparents’eatery.ThefirstthingDadsaidwas,“Welcome,mymopguy!OK,it’sthecleaner’sdayoff.Buthowaboutyoucleaningup9?”“Ican’tbelievethis!”Ithought.“I’manofficerinthearmy!”Butitdidn’tmatter.AsfarasDadwasconcerned,Iwasjustanothermemberofthe10involvedinafamilyeatery.Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.1．A．duties B．scores C．wages D．ideas2．A．waiter B．cook C．cleaner D．manager3．A．a(chǎn)ttending B．a(chǎn)pplying C．reacting D．contributing4．A．standards B．challengers C．a(chǎn)chievements D．customers5．A．insistent B．confident C．courageous D．responsible6．A．a(chǎn)rranged B．praised C．paid D．suspected7．A．succeed B．negotiate C．operate D．promise8．A．dignity B．respect C．curiosity D．gratitude9．A．frequently B．later C．instead D．immediately10．A．a(chǎn)rmy B．class C．team D．party【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．A5．D6．C7．B8．A9．B10．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者從小在父母經(jīng)營的小餐館里工作，從擦鞋到拖地，雖然從未得到報酬，但學(xué)到了很多寶貴的經(jīng)驗。在軍隊服役兩年后，作者回家時仍被父親視為餐館的一員，需要參與清潔工作。文章體現(xiàn)了家庭餐館中團(tuán)隊精神和勞動價值的重要性。1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著年齡的增長，我的責(zé)任也越來越重。A.duties責(zé)任；B.scores得分；C.wages薪水；D.ideas想法。根據(jù)上文“myfirstrealjobwas...”和下文“asIgrewolder.”可推知，隨著年齡的增長，作者要做的工作也越來越多，責(zé)任也越來越重。故選A項。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：十二歲時，我當(dāng)上了清潔工。A.waiter侍者；B.cook廚師；C.cleaner清潔工；D.manager經(jīng)理。根據(jù)下文“Iwasthebest“mop(拖把)guy””可知，作者成了餐館里的清潔工。故選C項。3．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在餐廳工作是一件非常自豪的事情，因為我為整個家庭做出了貢獻(xiàn)。A.attending參加；B.applying申請；C.reacting反應(yīng)；D.contributing貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“Workingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpride”可推知，自豪是源于自己對家庭做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選D項。4．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我父親說得很清楚，我必須達(dá)到一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能成為團(tuán)隊的一員。A.standards標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；B.challengers挑戰(zhàn)者；C.achievements成就；D.customers顧客。根據(jù)下文“That’stosay,Ihadtobe5,hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers.”的解釋可知，父親為成為團(tuán)隊的一員提出了一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故選A項。5．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：也就是說，我必須負(fù)責(zé)，勤奮，對顧客有禮貌。A.insistent堅持的；B.confident自信的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的。結(jié)合常識和上文“tobepartoftheteam”可推知，要成為團(tuán)隊的一員當(dāng)然要具有責(zé)任感。故選D項。6．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：除了擦鞋的工作，我做的任何工作都沒有支付報酬。A.arranged安排；B.praised稱贊；C.paid支付；D.suspected懷疑。根據(jù)下文“OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.”可知，作者的其它工作沒有支付報酬，所以才會和父親談判，要求加薪。故選C項。7．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這件事教會了我，當(dāng)你談判時，你最好了解對方的觀點(diǎn)和你自己的觀點(diǎn)。A.succeed成功；B.negotiate談判；C.operate操作；D.promise承諾。根據(jù)上文“OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthreemealsaday?””可知，這是作者和父親之間的談判，是這次談判讓作者明白了一個道理。故選B項。8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我剛剛被提升為隊長，走進(jìn)父母的餐館時，我充滿了自豪。A.dignity自豪；B.respect尊重；C.curiosity好奇心；D.gratitude感激之情。根據(jù)上文“Ihadjustbeenpromotedtocaptain”可推知，剛升為隊長的作者覺得自己榮歸故里，感到自豪和驕傲。故選A項。9．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但你晚點(diǎn)再打掃怎么樣？A.frequently頻繁地；B.later后來；C.instead代替；D.immediately立即。根據(jù)上文“it’sthecleaner’sdayoff.”和最后一段中“Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.”可知，父親給作者放一天假，但要求他以后再打掃。故選B項。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在爸爸看來，我只是家庭餐館團(tuán)隊里的一員。A.army軍隊；B.class班級；C.team團(tuán)隊；D.party聚會。根據(jù)第二段中“ButmyfathermadeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain4 tobepartoftheteam.”和上文“Iwasjustanothermemberof...”可知，作者成為了家庭餐館團(tuán)隊里的一員。故選C項。二、語法填空閱讀短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Inmyoldschooldays,running11(consider)boringandpainfulforme.WhenIstartedtowork,Irealisedexerciseshouldbepartofmylifestyle.Later,runningbecamemycareer.Overtheyears,I12(coach)manyrunningteams.Needlesstosay,runninghasitsbenefits.Itisbelieved13runningcandecreasetheriskofdeath.Soareyoucurrentlynotdoingit?Iencourageyoutostartnow.【答案】11．wasconsidered12．havecoached13．that【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了跑步成了作者的職業(yè)，鼓勵人們跑步。11．考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在我上學(xué)校的時代，跑步對我來說是無聊和痛苦的。根據(jù)“Inmyoldschooldays”可知，本句為一般過去時，主語 running與謂語consider為被動關(guān)系，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填wasconsidered。12．考查時態(tài)。句意：這些年來，我執(zhí)教過許多跑步隊。根據(jù)“Overtheyears”可知，本句為現(xiàn)在完成時。故填havecoached。13．考查連接詞。句意：人們認(rèn)為跑步可以降低死亡風(fēng)險。Itisbelievedthat“人們認(rèn)為……”that引導(dǎo)主語從句，it作形式主語。故填that。閱讀短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AlthoughStartofAutumn,the13thtraditionalChinesesolarterm,oftenindicatesthe14(begin)ofautumn,heatwaveswillnotcometoanend.Theperiodofhightemperatures,15(call)“AutumnTiger”,usuallylastsforabout30days.Becauseofdecreasingprecipitation(降水),itisevenhotterduringthisperiodthanMajorHeat.Asthesayinggoes,“Ifitrains16thedayofStartofAutumn,agoodharvestisexpected.”【答案】14．beginning15．called16．on【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了立秋的相關(guān)信息。14．考查名詞。句意：雖然立秋是中國傳統(tǒng)的第13個節(jié)氣，通常預(yù)示著秋天的開始，但熱浪不會結(jié)束。名詞beginning作賓語。thebeginningof……的開始，故填beginning。15．考查非謂語。句意：高溫期被稱為“秋老虎”，通常持續(xù)30天左右。分析句子可知，空處為非謂語動詞，Theperiodofhightemperatures與call為被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞，作后置定語，故填called。16．考查介詞。句意：俗話說：“立秋下雨萬物收”。具體指某一天，介詞用on。故填on。閱讀短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AreyoustilldiscussingandgettingyourheadroundChatGPT,17potentialwilldisturbeverythingfrommarketingtoeducation?Well,Soraisabout18(blow)thosedebateswideopen.OpenAI’sSora,atext-to-videoAImodelcapableofgenerating19(remarkable)realisticandimaginativescenesfromtextinstructions,justenteredthechatroom.Aworldwhererealitybendstothewillofwordshasarrived,20(shape)aneweranotjustfortechnologybutforhumanityitself.【答案】17．whose18．toblow19．remarkably20．shaping【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了人工智能OpenAI’sSora。17．考查定語從句。句意：你是否還在討論和理解ChatGPT，它的潛力將會擾亂從市場營銷到教育的一切？先行詞為ChatGPT，作定語從句的定語，關(guān)系代詞為whose。故填whose。18．考查不定式。句意：好吧，Sora即將把這些爭論徹底公開。beabouttodosth“即將做某事”。故填toblow。19．考查副詞。句意：OpenAI的Sora是一種文本到視頻的人工智能模型，能夠根據(jù)文本指令生成非常逼真和富有想象力的場景，剛剛進(jìn)入聊天室。副詞remarkably修飾形容詞作狀語。故填remarkably。20．考查非謂語。句意：一個現(xiàn)實屈從于文字意志的世界已經(jīng)到來，不僅為技術(shù)，也為人類本身塑造了一個新時代?？仗帪榉侵^，表示一種自然而然的結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。故填shaping。。三、閱讀理解Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearchthatwillchangelivesinthefuture.BydonatingtotheMedicalResearchFoundation(MRF),you’llbefundingtheresearchthatfuturegenerationswilldependon.MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyonfundingqualitymedicalresearch.WithcloselinkstotheMedicalResearchCouncil(MRC),we’reabletochoosethemostimpactfulstudiesandadaptquicklytomeetanyemerginghealthcrisis,thankstothesupportofpeoplelikeyou.Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.Manyofthesescientistsareatthebeginningoftheircareers,whenfundingishardesttosecure.Yoursupportatthiscriticaltimecanprovidethespringboardthatascientistneedstodrivetheirresearchandcareerforward,ensuringtheycancontinuetomakelife-changingdiscoveries.MRFhassupportedresearcherstacklingpressingchallengesliketheBirdFlu,aswellasvitalareasofresearchthatareoftenoverlookedbyotherfunders,ensuringwefillthegapsinourmedicalknowledgeandprotectthefutureofhumanhealth.Assomeoneinterestedinscience,youwillunderstandthatwhilenoonecanpredictwhatwewillfacenext,wecanbecertainthatitisonlythroughambitious,high-qualitymedicalresearchthatwewillmeetwhatevernewchallengescomeourway.Byleavingadonation,youcanhavealastingimpactonscienceandonthefutureofhumanhealth.21．WhatdoestheMRFmainlydo?A．ProvideservicefortheMRC． B．Predictemerginghealthcrisis.C．Fundqualitymedicalresearch. D．Donatetopeopleinterestedinscience.22．Byleavingadonation,youcan______.A．fillthegapsinmedicalknowledgeB．tacklethefuturepressingchallengesC．choosethemostimpactfulmedicalstudiesD．supportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toraisemedicalresearchfunds.B．Tointroducetheimpactbydonation.C．Toanalysethehealthcrisisinthefuture.D．Toemploypeopledevotedtomedicalresearch.【答案】21．C22．D23．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是為了醫(yī)學(xué)研究基金會（MRF）募集醫(yī)學(xué)研究資金做的廣告宣傳。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyonfundingqualitymedicalresearch.(MRF是一個獨(dú)立的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，專注于資助高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)學(xué)研究。)”可知，MRF專注于資助高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)學(xué)研究。故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.(你的饋贈可以支持一些最聰明的科學(xué)家。)”可知，你的捐贈可以支持一些最聰明的科學(xué)家。故選D。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Weneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearchthatwillchangelivesinthefuture.(我們需要像你這樣的人，了解科學(xué)的力量，為改變未來生活的研究提供資金。)”可知，這篇文章的目的是募集醫(yī)學(xué)研究資金。故選A。Eleveno’clockatnightsawalargewomanwithalargepursewalkingalone,whenaboyranupbehindandtriedtosnatch(搶奪)herpurse.Buttheboylosthisbalanceandfellonhisback.Thewomanpickedhimupfirmlybyhisshirtfront.“Aren’tyouashamedofyourself?”shoutedthewoman.Twoorthreepeoplepassed,stopped,andstoodwatching.“I’mverysorry,lady.I’msorry,”whisperedtheskinnylittleboy,inbrokentennisshoes.“Um-hum!Andyourfaceisdirty,”saidthelargewomandraggingthefrightenedboy.“Sinceyouputyourselfincontactwithme,youaregoingtorememberMrs.LuellaJones.”Hebegantostruggle,butMrs.Jonescontinuedtodraghimupthestreet.Whenshegottoherdoor,shedraggedtheboyinside.“What’syourname?”thewomanasked.“Roger,”answeredtheboyinalowvoice.“Then,Roger,yougotothatsinkandwashyourface,”orderedthewomanandfinallyletgoofhim.“Yougonnatakemetojail(監(jiān)獄)?”askedRoger,bendingoverthesink.“Notwiththatface,”saidMrs.Jones.“Ibelieveyouwerehungrytosnatchmypurse.”“Iwantedapairofblueshoes,”repliedtheboy.Therewasalongpause.Afterhehaddriedhisface,theboyturnedaround.Thedoorwasopen.Hecouldrun!Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.”Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy’smouthopened.ThenMrs.Joneswenttodothecooking.Shedidnotwatchtheboytoseeifhewasgoingtorun,nordidshewatchherpurseleftbehindher.Shedidnotaskhimanythingaboutwherehelived,orhisfolks.Instead,astheyate,shetoldhimalotaboutherjobinahotelshopandhowallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthimanotherpieceofhercake.Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupandsaid,“Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethemistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyourfeet.”Sheledhimtothefrontdoor.“Goodnight!Behaveyourself,son!”shesaid,lookingoutintothestreet.24．HowdidRogerfeelwhenMrs.Jonesmentionedherpast?A．Frightened. B．Surprised. C．Settled. D．Ashamed.25．WhydidMrs.JonescallRogerson?A．Sheintendedtogoeasyonhim.B．Heremindedherofherownson.C．Heputhimselftobeincontactwithher.D．Shelackedanexcusetoteachhimalesson.26．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMrs.Jones?A．Kindandgenerous. B．Ableandambitious.C．Frankandcooperative. D．Calmandcourageous.27．Whatcanbemainlyconcludedfromthispassage?A．Homeiswheretheheartis.B．Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.C．Abestparentistoleadbyexample.D．Agooddeedshinesthelightintothedark.【答案】24．B25．A26．A27．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個深夜，一個胖女人遭遇小偷搶包，最后她并未報警，反而帶小偷回家，給他洗凈臉，還給了他十美元買鞋。在交流過程中，女人講述了自己年輕時的經(jīng)歷，教育小偷不要走上錯誤的道路。最后，她將小偷送出門口，告誡他要好好做人。文章通過這個故事傳遞了關(guān)愛和教育的力量。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中“Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.”Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy’smouthopened.(過了一會兒，女人說：“我曾經(jīng)年輕過，想要得不到的東西。我也做過一些我不會告訴別人的事，孩子。”又是一陣長時間的沉默。男孩張大嘴)”可知，男孩聽了瓊斯太太的話后張大了嘴。由此推知，他對此感到驚訝。故選B項。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中““Yougonnatakemetojail(監(jiān)獄)?”askedRoger,bendingoverthesink.(“你要把我送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄嗎？”羅杰俯身趴在水池邊問)”可知，羅杰被抓后感到非常害怕，怕瓊斯太太把他送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第四段中“Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.”Therewasanotherlongpause.(過了一會兒，女人說：“我曾經(jīng)年輕過，想要得不到的東西。我也做過一些我不會告訴別人的事，孩子?！庇质且魂囬L時間的沉默)”可知，瓊斯太太并沒有打算把羅杰送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄，相反給他分享了自己的秘密。由此推知，善良的瓊斯太太想通過親切的稱呼來緩解羅杰的緊張的恐懼，想要對他好一點(diǎn)；goeasyonsb.“對人寬容；對某人溫和”。故選A項。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“ThenMrs.Joneswenttodothecooking.Shedidnotwatchtheboytoseeifhewasgoingtorun,nordidshewatchherpurseleftbehindher.Shedidnotaskhimanythingaboutwherehelived,orhisfolks.Instead,astheyate,shetoldhimalotaboutherjobinahotelshopandhowallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthimanotherpieceofhercake.(然后瓊斯太太去做飯了。她沒有看那個男孩是否要跑，也沒有看她的錢包落在她身后。她沒有問他住在哪里，也沒有問他的家人。相反，當(dāng)他們吃飯的時候，她告訴他很多關(guān)于她在酒店商店工作的事情，以及各種各樣的人是如何進(jìn)進(jìn)出出的。她又給他切了一塊蛋糕)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupandsaid,“Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethemistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyourfeet.”(他們吃完飯后，她站起來說：“喏，拿著這十美元，給自己買雙藍(lán)鞋吧。不要犯這個錯誤，因為鞋子會以這種可怕的方式來燒傷你的腳?！?”可知，瓊斯太太不但沒有懲罰偷錢的羅杰，反而給他做飯吃，給他拿錢買鞋。由此推知，瓊斯太太是一個善良且大方的人。故選A項。27．推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中“Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupandsaid,“Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethemistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyourfeet.”(他們吃完飯后，她站起來說：“喏，拿著這十美元，給自己買雙藍(lán)鞋吧。不要犯這個錯誤，因為鞋子會以這種可怕的方式來燒傷你的腳?！?”可知，文章講述了善良的瓊斯太太非但沒有懲罰偷錢的羅杰，反而給他做飯吃，給他拿錢買鞋。由此推知，故事表達(dá)了善行的力量，它像黑夜中的一束光，可以照亮人性的黑暗。故選D項。It’saknownfactthatemissions(排放物)fromgas-poweredvehiclesareharmingtheatmosphere.Inresponsetothis,Porsche,theGermansportscarcompany,beganproducinge-fuelsatapilotplantinChilelastyear.Currently,thefuelwillbeusedonlyinsportscarsatPorsche’sperformanceandexperiencecenters.E-fuelsaremadebypassingelectricitythroughwater.Theelectricityseparatesthehydrogenandoxygenfromwater.ThehydrogenisthenmixedwithCO?toproducealiquide-fuel,whichcanbeproducedusingmanyrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower.E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,makingitpossibleforgas-poweredcarstorunone-fuelsalmostwithoutanychange.E-fuelscanhelpeasethetransformawayfromgas-poweredcars,forthosewhomaynotbeabletoaffordelectricvehicles(EV).Itwillalsohelptoreducewastebykeepinggas-poweredcarsinservice,insteadofthrowingthemawayprematurely.Additionally,theuseofe-fuelswillnotrequirenewfacilitytobebuiltunlikeEVs.Existinggasstationsandcarswillbeabletostayinuse,whichisalreadyabigsaving.Despitethemanybenefits,opinionsdifferonwhethere-fuelsaretrulyeco-friendly.E-fuelsarewidelysaidtobenearlycarbonneutral(碳中和),althoughanindependentstudyindicatesthate-fuelsreleasethesameamountofCO?asgasoline.Sincee-fuelsarestillbeingdevelopedandtested,theirtrueimpactsarestillunknown.Meanwhile,e-fuelsareveryexpensivetoproduce,partlyduetoenergylossduringproduction.Unfortunately,onlyabouthalfoftheenergyusedinproducinge-fuelsisactuallytransformedintofuel.Additionally,onlyabout16%oftheenergyusedine-fuelproductionisactuallyusedtopowerthecar.Whereas,about70%ofenergyispreservedwhenpoweringanEV.Eventhoughtheuseofe-fuelswillpreserveexistingfacility,itwillstilltaketimeandmoneytointegrateitintoeverydaylife.Currently,thepriceofe-fuelsisnearlydoublethecostofregularfuel.E-fuelsarestillaworkinprogress.Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmoretestinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainsttheclimatecrisis.“Therearecurrentlymorethan1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion(內(nèi)燃)enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillbeontheroadsfordecadestocome,ande-fuelsoffertheownersofexistingcarsanearlycarbon-neutralalternative.Withthee-fuelspilotplant,Porscheisplayingaleadingroleinthisdevelopment,”saidMichaelSteiner,memberoftheExecutiveBoardforDevelopmentandResearchatPorscheAG.28．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．E-fuelsreleasenoCO?.B．E-fuelsweretestedinGermanyatfirst.C．E-fuelsareapplicabletogas-poweredcars.D．E-fuelsneedtobemixedwithCO?inactualuse.29．TheauthorquotesMichaelSteinermainlyto______.A．drawaconclusion. B．presentanopinionC．furtheradiscussion D．provideasolution30．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardse-fuels?A．Positive. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.【答案】28．C29．C30．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。德國跑車公司保時捷去年開始在智利的一家試點(diǎn)工廠生產(chǎn)電動燃料，以減少汽車排放物對大氣的影響。文章對此進(jìn)行了介紹。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,makingitpossibleforgas-poweredcarstorunone-fuelsalmostwithoutanychange.(電子燃料遵循汽油的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，這使得以汽油為動力的汽車幾乎不需要任何改變就可以使用電子燃料。)”可知，電子燃料適用于汽油動力汽車。故選C。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmoretestinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainsttheclimatecrisis.(盡管人們對電子燃料的看法存在分歧，但隨著更多的測試和開發(fā)，它們已被認(rèn)為是幫助應(yīng)對氣候危機(jī)的另一種方式。)”和第三句中的“Therearecurrentlymorethan1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion(內(nèi)燃)enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillbeontheroadsfordecadestocome,ande-fuelsoffertheownersofexistingcarsanearlycarbon-neutralalternative.Withthee-fuelspilotplant,Porscheisplayingaleadingroleinthisdevelopment(通用場景術(shù)語庫目前全球有超過13億輛內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車。其中許多將在未來幾十年上路，而電子燃料為現(xiàn)有汽車的車主提供了一種幾乎碳中和的替代方案。隨著電動燃料試點(diǎn)工廠的建立，保時捷在這一發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著主導(dǎo)作用)”可知，作者引用邁克爾·斯坦納的話主要是為了進(jìn)一步討論前文中提到的結(jié)論。故選C。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmoretestinganddevelopment,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainsttheclimatecrisis.(盡管人們對電子燃料的看法存在分歧，但隨著更多的測試和開發(fā)，它們已被認(rèn)為是幫助應(yīng)對氣候危機(jī)的另一種方式。)”可知，作者對電子燃料的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A。OnFeb.21,fourstudentswerestandingonthesideofPacificCoastHighwayinMalibuwhenadrivergoing110milesperhourlostcontrolofhiscaranditcrashedintotheparkedvehicles.12peoplewerekilledatthescene,including2drivers.Thiskindoftrafficdeathshouldn’tbecalledanaccident.InLosAngeles,weseemtohaveacceptedconstantcarnage(屠殺)inourstreetsinexchangeformaximizingdriverspeedandconvenience.Theofficialresponsestoproventrafficdangersaremeregestures,ifeventhat.LosAngelesisauniquelydeadlycitywithadeathratethatisfourtimesthenationalaverage.Unsurprisingly,it’salsoacitythathasbeendesignedwithonethinginmind:aconceptcalledlevelofservice,whichgradesstreetsonhowwelltheyservethoseinautomobiles.TomanyAngelenos,thatmakessense—todesignourstreetsforcartraffic,whichisthewaymanygetaroundthecity.Unfortunately,wedon’trecognizethatthere’satrade-off.Wecaneitherhavestreetsbetteredforfree-flowingtraffic,orwecandesignstreetsforpeopletomovearoundsafelyoutsideofcars.Cityleadersconsistentlychoosefortheeasybutdeadlyoption.Inonerecentexample,aresidentaskedthecity’sDepartmentofTransportationtoblockdriversfromusingCochranAvenueatVeniceBoulevardasacut-throughstreet,astheywerespeedingthroughaquietresidentialneighbourhood.Thedepartmentrespondedbysuggestinga“speedawarenesscampaign”inwhichneighboursputupyardsignsurgingdriverstoslowdown.Peopledon’tdrivebasedonsignage,buttheydriveonthedesignofthestreet.ThetrunkroadsofLosAngelessuchasVeniceBoulevardallneedtoberevisedsothatpeopleareprioritizedovercars.Thiswouldincludenarrowingtravellanes(道),buildingbikelanes,andbanningrightturnsatredlights.Thesemeasureswouldmakedriversfeellikethey’reinacityandnotonahighway.ArecentJohnHopkinsstudysaysthiswouldhavesubstantialsafetybenefits.Withmorethan7,500milesofstreetsinthecityofLosAngeles,theywon’tallberebuiltanytimesoon.Butwitheachroadconstructionproject,oreachcrash,weshouldberevisingstreetstomakethemsaferforallroadusers.Thesolutiontotrafficjamisn’ttomakemorespaceforcars.It’stodesignthestreetstobesafeenoughforalternativessuchasbiking,walkingandmasstransit,especiallyforthe50%oftripsdailyinLosAngelesthatarelessthanthreemiles.Thesolutiontoprotectingpeoplediningoutdoorsisn’tcrashbarriers.It’sastreetdesignthatforcesdriverstogoslowly.Theproblemiscarnageinthestreets,andweknowthesolutions.31．WhyshouldthetrafficdeathinLosAngelesbecalled“constantcarnage”?A．Thetrafficaccidentshappenquiteoften.B．Toomanypeoplearekilledinthetrafficaccidents.C．Thedrivers’speedingistoblameforthetrafficdeath.D．Cityleaders’consistentchoicecontributestothetrafficdeath.32．Whatdoestheword“trade-off”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Balance. B．Guideline. C．Conflict. D．Resolution.33．Accordingtothepassage,whichisalikelysolutiontothetrafficproblem?A．Towidentravellanes. B．Toaddmorecrosswalks.C．Toarrangemoretrafficpolice. D．Topunishspeedingdrivers.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Driversfirstorwalkersfirst? B．Trafficdeathorconstantcarnage?C．Morewarningsignsorsaferdesigns? D．Morenarrowlanesorspeedyhighways?【答案】31．D32．A33．B34．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了洛杉磯街道設(shè)計的不合理之處以及改進(jìn)措施。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Cityleadersconsistentlychoosefortheeasybutdeadlyoption.”（城市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人總是選擇簡單但致命的選項）可知，為什么洛杉磯的交通死亡被稱為“持續(xù)的屠殺”是因為城市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一貫選擇導(dǎo)致交通死亡。故選D項。32．詞句猜測題，根據(jù)第三段“.TomanyAngelenos,thatmakessense—todesignourstreetsforcartraffic,whichisthewaymanygetaroundthecity.”（對許多洛杉磯人來說，為汽車交通設(shè)計街道是有意義的，這是許多人在城市里出行的方式）根據(jù)下文“Wecaneitherhavestreetsbetteredforfree-flowingtraffic,orwecandesignstreetsforpeopletomovearoundsafelyoutsideofcars.”（我們可以讓街道變得更好，讓交通更加暢通，或者我們可以設(shè)計街道，讓人們在沒有汽車的情況下安全地走動。）可知，不幸的是，我們沒有意識到應(yīng)該平衡一下。所以劃線詞的意思是“平衡”。故選A項。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesolutiontotrafficjamisn’ttomakemorespaceforcars.It’stodesignthestreetstobesafeenoughforalternativessuchasbiking,walkingandmasstransit,”（解決交通堵塞的辦法不是為汽車騰出更多的空間。而是為了設(shè)計足夠安全的街道，讓人們可以選擇騎自行車、步行和公共交通，）可知，.增加人行橫道可能是解決交通問題的方法。故選B項。34．主旨大意題。短文介紹了洛杉磯街道的設(shè)計導(dǎo)致車道成為了快車道，并導(dǎo)致死亡事故不斷地產(chǎn)生。有的部門提出，建議開展一項“速度意識運(yùn)動”，讓鄰居們在院子里豎起標(biāo)志，敦促司機(jī)減速。有的提出了解決措施如縮小行車車道，修建自行車道，禁止在紅燈時右轉(zhuǎn)。這些措施會讓司機(jī)感覺他們是在一個城市，而不是在高速公路上。以短文的標(biāo)題為“更多的警告標(biāo)志還是更安全的設(shè)計?”切題。故選C項。About40%adultsand19%childrenintheUSareobese(肥胖的).Obesepeopleareatincreasedriskofmanyseriousdiseases,includinghighbloodpressureandheartdisease.35Ifyouaresufferingfromthese,here’sawayoflosingweightthatyoucantry.Dietary“self-monitoring”isacommonstrategy.Itinvolvesrecordingwhattheyconsume,andhowmuch.Thetheoryisthatwhenthinkingofwhatyouputinyourbody,you’llmakehealthierdecisions.36There’snodoubtthatdietaryself-monitoringhasbeenshowntohelploseweight.However,notmuchisknownabouthowlongthistakesorhowoftenitshouldbedone.37Recently,researchersstudiedobeseindividualsinotherwisegoodhealthwhoparticipatedina24-weekweightcontrolprogram...Theyrecordedtheirdailydietaryintakeusinganonlineprogram.Thefindingsdemonstratedthatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecordtheirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcomparedtothosewhoquitnotingtheirintake.Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout3timesaday.38Researchersnotedpeoplemighthavegreatersuccesswithweightlossiftheyrecordedtheirdietaryintakeaboutthreetimesaday,ratherthanrecordingalloftheirmealsinonesitting.Agoodprincipletofollowmaybe“writewhenyoubite”.Dietaryself-monitoringcanbeperformedindifferentways—usinganonlineprogram,usingapencilorusingsmart-phoneapplications.39A．Canitreallybethateasy?B．Itisimportanttofindwhatworksforyou.C．Thus,long-termweightlosstakestimeandeffort.D．Theriskfactorsthatdetermineobesitycanbecomplex.E．Incomparison,thosewhorecordedlessdailylostlessweight.F．Obesityisalsoassociatedwithalowerlifequalityandpoormentalhealth.G．Studyshowsthemoreoftenyoulogyoureating,themoreweightyoumightlose.【答案】35．F36．A37．G38．E39．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在美國，肥胖問題非常嚴(yán)重，肥胖也給人們帶來許多負(fù)面影響，文章推薦了飲食“自我監(jiān)控”作為減肥的方法。35．根據(jù)前文“Obesepeopleareatincreasedriskofmanyseriousdiseases,includinghighbloodpressureandheartdisease.(肥胖的人患許多嚴(yán)重疾病的風(fēng)險增加，包括高血壓和心臟病。)”可知，此處是指肥胖帶來的負(fù)面影響，所以選項F“肥胖還與較低的生活質(zhì)量和較差的心理健康有關(guān)。”切合文意。故選F。36．根據(jù)后文“There’snodoubtthatdietaryself-monitoringhasbeenshowntohelploseweight.However,notmuchisknownabouthowlongthistakesorhowoftenitshouldbedone.(毫無疑問，飲食自我監(jiān)控已被證明有助于減肥。然而，人們并不知道這需要多長時間或多久應(yīng)該做一次。)”可知，此處是指前文中提到的方法是不是真的那么容易，所以選項A“真的有那么容易嗎？”切合文意。故選A。37．根據(jù)后文“Thefindingsdemonstratedthatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecordtheirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcomparedtothosewhoquitnotingtheirintake.(研究結(jié)果表明，連續(xù)24周每天記錄食物攝入量的人比不記錄攝入量的人減掉的體重更多。)”可知，此處是指研究表明記錄飲食的頻率越高，減重就可能越多，所以選項G“研究表明，你越頻繁地記錄你的飲食，你可能減掉的體重就越多。”切合文意。故選G。38．根據(jù)前文“Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout3timesaday.(體重減輕至少10%的人每天記錄三次他們的食物攝入量。)”和前文“Thefindingsdemonstratedthatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecordtheirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcomparedtothosewhoquitnotingtheirintake.(研究結(jié)果表明，連續(xù)24周每天記錄食物攝入量的人比不記錄攝入量的人減掉的體重更多。)”可知，此處是指記錄飲食頻率高低對減肥影響的對比，所以選項E“相比之下，那些每天記錄較少的人減掉的體重較少。”切合文意。故選E。39．根據(jù)前文“Dietaryself-monitoringcanbeperformedindifferentways—usinganonlineprogram,usingapencilorusingsmart-phoneapplications.(飲食自我監(jiān)控可以通過不同的方式進(jìn)行——使用在線程序，使用鉛筆或使用智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序。)”可知，此處是指選擇適合自己的記錄方式，所以選項B“找到適合你的方法是很重要的?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選B。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Winningasignificantscienceawardisabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButMarineGill,agirlfromFresno,California,wonthetopawardintheScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallenge(SIIC)fordesigningafiredetectionsystemsuperiortoexistingones.Marine’sinspirationcamefromafirethatdestroyedarestaurantinherneighbourhoodduringthespringof2023.“Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,”shetoldTheWashingtonPostabout