2024年考研英語(yǔ)(一)真題(試卷+答案)

第頁(yè)2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一）試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)There'snothingmorewelcomethanadooropeningforyou.__1__theneedtobetouchedtoopenorclose,automaticdoorsareessentialin__2__disabledaccesstobuildingsandhelpingprovidegeneral__3__tocommercialbuildings.Self-slidingdoorsbegantoemergeasacommercialproductin1960afterbeinginventedsixyears__4__byAmericansDeeHortonandLewHewitl.They__5__asanoveltyfeature,butastheirusehasgrown,their__6__haveextendedwithinourtechnologicallyadvancedworld.Particularly__7__inbusylocationsorduringtimesofemergency,thedoors__8__crowdmanagementbyreducingtheobstaclesputinpeople'sway.__9__makingaccessbothinandoutofbuildingseasierforpeople,thedifferenceinthewaymanyofthesedoorsopenhelpsreducethetotalarea__10__bythem.Automaticdoorsoftenopentotheside,withthepanelsslidingacrossoneanother.Replacingswingdoors,these__11__smallerbuildingstomaximisetheusablespaceinsidewithouthavingto__12__thewayforalarge,sticking-outdoor.Therearemanydifferenttypesofautomaticdoor,witheach__13__specificsignalstotellthemwhentoopen__14__thesemethodsdiffer,themain__15__remainthesame.Eachautomaticdoorsystem__16__thelight,soundweightormovementintheirvicinityasasignaltoopen.Sensortypesarechosento__17__thedifferentenvironmentstheyareneededin.__18__,abusystreetmightnot__19__amotionsensoreddoor,asitwouldconstantlybeopeningforpassers-by.Apressuresensitivematwouldbemore__20__tolimitthesurveyedarea.1.[A]Through [B]Despite [C]Besides [D]Without2.[A]revealing [B]demanding [C]improving [D]tracing3.[A]experience [B]convenience [C]guidance [D]reference4.[A]previously [B]temporarily [C]successively [D]eventually5.[A]heldon [B]startedout [C]settleddown [D]wentby6.[A]relations [B]volumes [C]benefits [D]sources7.[A]useful [B]simple [C]flexible [D]stable8.[A]callfor [B]yieldto [C]insiston [D]actas9.[A]Aswellas [B]Intermsof [C]Thanksto [D]Ratherthan10.[A]connected [B]shared [C]represented [D]occupied11.[A]allow [B]expect [C]require [D]direct12.[A]adopt [B]lead [C]clear [D]change13.[A]adaptingto [B]derivingfrom [C]relyingon [D]pointingat14.[A]Once [B]Since [C]Unless [D]Although15.[A]records [B]positions [C]principles [D]reasons16.[A]controls [B]analyses [C]produces [D]mixes17.[A]decorate [B]compare [C]protect [D]complement18.[A]Inconclusion [B]Bycontrast [C]Forexample [D]Aboveall19.[A]identify [B]suit [C]secure [D]include20.[A]appropriate [B]obvious [C]impressive [D]delicateSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Nearly2000yearsago,astheRomansbegantopulloutofScotland,theyleftbehindacurioustreasure:10tonsofnails,nearlyamillionofthethings.Thenailhoardwasdiscoveredin1960inafour-metre-deeppitcoveredbytwometresofgravel.WhyhadtheRomansburiedamillionnails?Thelikelyexplanationisthatthewithdrawalwasrushed,andtheydidn'twantthelocalCaledoniansgettingtheirhandson10tonsofweapon-gradeiron.TheRomansburiedthenailssodeepthattheywouldnotbediscoveredforalmosttwomillennia.Latercivilisationswouldvaluetheskilledblacksmith'slabourinanailevenmorethantherawmaterial.AsRomaAgrawalexplainsinhernewdelightfulbookNutsandBolts,early17th-centuryVirginianswouldsometimesburndowntheirhomesiftheywereplanningtorelocate.Thiswasanattempttorecoverthevaluablenails,whichcouldbereusedaftersiftingtheashes.Theideathatonemightburndownanentirehousejusttoreclaimthenailsunderlineshowscarce,costlyandvaluablethesimple-seemingtechnologywas.Thepriceofnailsfellby90%betweenthelate1700sandmid-1900s,aseconomistDanielSichelpointsoutinaresearchpaper.AccordingtoSichel,althoughthefallingpriceofnailswasdrivenpartlybycheaperironandcheaperenergy,mostofthecreditgoestonailmanufactureswhosimplyfoundmoreefficientwaystoturnsteelintonails.Nailsthemselveshavechangedovertheyears,butSichelstudiedthembecausetheyhaven'tchangedmuch.RomanlampsandRomanchariotsareverydifferentfromLEDstripsandsportscars,butRomannailsarestillclearlynails.Itwouldbeabsurdtotrytotrackthechangingpriceofsportscarssince1695,buttoaskthesamequestionofnailsmakesperfectsense.Imakenoapologyforbeingobsessedbyaparticularfeatureoftheseobjects:theirprice.Iamaneconomist,afterall.Afterwritingtwobooksaboutthehistoryofinventions,onethingI'velearntisthatwhileitistheenchantinglysophisticatedtechnologiesthatgetallthehype,it'sthecheaptechnologiesthatchangetheworld.TheGutenbergprintingpresstransformedcivilisationnotbychangingthenatureofwritingbutbychangingitscost-anditwouldhaveachievedlittlewithoutaparallelcollapseinthepriceofsurfacestowriteon,thankstoanoften-overlookedtechnologycalledpaper.Solarpanelshadfewnicheusesuntiltheybecamecheap;nowtheyaretransformingtheglobalenergysystem.21.TheRomansburiedthenailsprobablyforthesakeof______.[A]savingthemforfutureuse[B]keepingthemfromrusting[C]lettingthemgrowinvalue[D]hidingthemfromthelocals22.Theexampleofearly17thcenturyVirginiansisusedto______.[A]highlightthethriftinessofearlyAmericancolonists[B]illustratethehighstatusofblacksmithsinthatperiod[C]contrasttheattitudesofdifferentcivilisationstowardnails[D]showthepreciousnessofnail-makingtechnologyatthattime23.Whatplayedthemajorroleinloweringthepriceofnailsafterthelate1700s?[A]Increasedproductivity.[B]Wideruseofnewenergies.[C]Fiercermarketcompetition.[D]Reducedcostofrawmaterials.24.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph5thatnails______.[A]haveundergonemanytechnologicalimprovements[B]haveremainedbasicallythesamesinceRomantimes[C]arelessstudiedthanothereverydayproducts[D]areoneoftheworld'smostsignificantinventions25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarisesthelasttwoparagraphs?[A]Cheaptechnologiesbringaboutrevolutionarychange.[B]Technologicalinnovationisintegraltoeconomicsuccess.[C]Technologydefinespeople'sunderstandingoftheworld.[D]Sophisticatedtechnologiesdevelopfromsmallinventions.Text2Parentingtipsobtainedfromhunter-gatherersinAfricamaybethekeytobringingupmorecontentedchildren,researchershavesuggested.TheideaisbasedonstudiesofcommunitiessuchastheKungofBotswana,whereeachchildiscaredforbymanyadults.Kungchildrenasyoungasfourwillhelptolookafteryoungeronesand“baby-wearing”,inwhichinfantsarecarriedinslings,isconsideredthenorm.AccordingtoDrNikhilChaudhary,anevolutionaryanthropologistatCambridgeUniversity,thesepractices,Knownasalloparenting,couldleadtolessanxietyforchildrenandparents.DrAnnieSwanepoel,achildpsychiatrist,believesthattherearewaystoincorporatethemintowesternlife.InGermany,oneschemehaspairedanoldpeople'shomewithanursery.Theresidentshelptolookafterthechildren,anarrangementakintoalloparenting.Anothermeasurecouldbeencouragingfriendshipsbetweenchildrenindifferentschoolyearstomirrortheunsupervisedmixed-ageplaygroupsinhunter-gatherercommunities.InapaperpublishedintheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry,researcherssaidthatthewesternnuclearfamilywasarecentinventionwhichfamilybrokewithevolutionaryhistory.Thisabruptshifttoan“intensivemotheringnarrative”,whichsuggeststhatmothersshouldmanagechildcarealone,waslikelytohavebeenharmful.“Suchnarrativescanleadtomaternalexhaustionandhavedangerousconsequences,”theywrote.Bycontrast,inhunter-gatherersocietiesadultsotherthantheparentscanprovidealmosthalfofachild'scare.OnepreviousstudylookedattheEfépeopleoftheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.Itfoundthatinfantshadanaverageof14alloparentsadaybythetimetheywere18weeksoldandwerepassedbetweencaregiverseighttimesanhour.Chaudharysaidthatparentsnowhadlesschildcaresupportfromfamilyandsocialnetworksthanduringmostofhumans'evolutionaryhistory,butintroducingadditionalcaregiverscouldreducestressandmaternaldepression,whichcouldhavea“knock-on”benefittoachild'swellbeing.Aninfantborntoahunter-gatherersocietycouldhavemorethantencaregivers-thiscontrastsstarklytonurserysettingsintheUKwhereregulationscallforaratioofonecarertofourchildrenagedtwotothree.Whilehunter-gathererchildrenlearntfromobservationandimitationinmixed-ageplaygroups,researcherssaidthatwestern“instructiveteaching”,wherepupilsareaskedtositstill,maycontributetoconditionssuchasattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.ChaudharysaidthatBritainshouldexplorethepossibilitythatoldersiblingshelpingtheirparents“mightalsoenhancetheirownsocialdevelopment.”26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraph,alloparentingreferstothepracticeof______.[A]sharingchildcareamongcommunitymembers[B]assigningbabiestospecificadultcaregivers[C]teachingparentingdetailstoolderchildren[D]carryinginfantsaroundbytheirparent27.TheschemeinGermanyismentionedtoillustrate______.[A]anattempttofacilitateintergenerationalcommunication[B]anapproachtointegratingalloparentingintowesternculture[C]theconventionalparentingstyleinwesternculture[D]thedifferencesbetweenwesternAfricanwaysofliving28.AccordingtoParagraph4,the“intensivemotheringnarrative”______.[A]alleviateparentingpressure[B]consideratefamilyrelationships[C]resultsinthechild-centeredfamily[D]departsfromthecourseofevolution29.Accordingtoparagraph6,whatcanwelearnaboutnurseryintheUK?[A]Theytendtofallshortofofficialrequirements.[B]Theyhavedifficultyfindingenoughcaregivers.[C]Theyoughttoimprovetheircarer-to-childratio.[D]Theyshouldtrytopreventparentaldepression.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?[A]Instructiveteaching:adilemmaforanxiousparents[B]Forahappierfamily,learnfromthehunter-gatherers[C]Mix-agedplaygroup,abetterchoiceforlonelychildren[D]Tracingthehistoryofparenting:fromAfricatoEuropeText3RutkowskiisaPolishdigitalartistwhousesclassicalpaintingstylestocreatedreamyfantasylandscapes.HehasmadeillustrationsforgamessuchasSony'sHorizonForbiddenWest,Ubisoft'sAnno,Dungeons&Dragons,andMagic:TheGathering.Andhe'sbecomeasuddenhitinthenewworldoftext-to-imageAIgeneration.Hisdistinctivestyleisnowoneofthemostcommonlyusedpromptsinthenewopen-sourceAIartgeneratorStableDiffusion,whichwaslaunchedlatelastmonth.Thetool,alongwithotherpopularimage-generationAImodels,allowsanyonetocreateimpressiveimagesbasedontextprompts.Forexample,typein“WizardwithswordandaglowingorbofmagicfirefightsafiercedragonGregRutkowski,”andthesystemwillproducesomethingthatlooksnotamillionmilesawayfromworksinRutkowski'sstyle.Buttheseopen-sourceprogramsarebuiltbyscrapingimagesfromtheInternet,oftenwithoutpermissionandproperattributiontoartists.Asaresult,theyareraisingtrickyquestionsaboutethicsandcopyright.AndartistslikeRutkowskihavehadenough.AccordingtothewebsiteLexica,whichtracksover10millionimagesandpromptsgeneratedbyStableDiffusion,Rutkowski’snamehasbeenusedasapromptaround93,000times.Someoftheworld'smostfamousartists,suchasMichelangelo,PabloPicasso,andLeonardodaVinci,broughtuparound2,000promptseachorless.Rutkowski'snamealsofeaturesasapromptthousandsoftimesintheDiscordofanothertext-to-imagegenerator,Midjourney.Rutkowskiwasinitiallysurprisedbutthoughtitmightbeagoodwaytoreachnewaudiences.Thenhetriedsearchingforhisnametoseeifapiecehehadworkedonhadbeenpublished.Theonlinesearchbroughtbackworkthathadhisnameattachedtoitbutwasn'this.“It'sbeenjustamonth.Whataboutinayear?Iprobablywon'tbeabletofindmyworkouttherebecause[theinternet]willbefloodedwithAIart,”Rutkowskisays.“That'sconcerning.”“Thereisacoalitiongrowingwithinartistindustriestofigureouthowtotackleormitigatethis,”saysOrtiz.Thegroupisinitsearlydaysofmobilization,whichcouldinvolvepushingfornewpoliciesorregulation.OnesuggestionisthatAImodelscouldbetrainedonimagesinthepublicdomain,andAIcompaniescouldforgepartnershipswithmuseumsandartists,Ortizsays.31.WhatcanbelearnedaboutRutkowskifromthefirsttwoparagraphs?[A]HeisenthusiasticaboutAIgenerationpainting.[B]HeispopularwiththeusersofanAIartgenerator.[C]Heattractsadmirationfromotherillustrators.[D]Hespecializesinclassicalpaintingdigitalization.32.TheproblemwithopensourceAIartgeneratorsisthatthey______.[A]lackflexibilityinrespondingtoprompts[B]produceartworksinunpredictablestyles[C]makeunauthorizeduseofonlineimages[D]collectuserinformationwithoutconsent33.Aftersearchingonline,Rutkowskifound______.[A]auniquewaytoreachaudiences[B]anewmethodtoidentifyAIimages[C]AI-generatedworkbearinghisname[D]heateddisputesregardinghiscopyright34.AccordingtoOrtiz,AIcompaniesareadvisedto______.[A]campaignfornewpoliciesorregulations[B]offertheirservicestopublicinstitutions[C]strengthentheirrelationshipswithAIusers[D]adoptadifferentstrategyforAImodeltraining35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?[A]Artists'responsestoAlartgeneration.[B]AI'sexpandedroleinartisticcreation.[C]PrivacyissuesintheapplicationofAl.[D]OpposingviewsonAIdevelopment.Text4ThemiracleoftheChesapeakeBayliesnotinitsdepths,butinthecomplexityofitsnaturalconstruction,theinteractionoffreshandsalinewaterandthemixoflandandwater.Theshallowsprovidehomesforhundredsofspecieswhilestoringfloodwaters,filteringpollutantsfromwater,andprotectingnearbycommunitiesfrompotentiallydestructivestormsurges.Allthiswasputatgreatrisklatelastmonth,whentheUSSupremeCourtissuedarulinginanIdahocasethatprovidestheEPAfarlessauthoritytoregulatewetlandsandwaterways.Specifically,a5-4majoritydecidedthatwetlandsprotectedbytheEPAunderitCleanWaterActauthoritymusthavea“continuoussurfaceconnection”tobodiesofwater.Thisnarrowingoftheregulatoryscopewasavictoryforbuilders,miningoperatorsandothercommercialinterestsoftenatoddswithenvironmentalrules.Anditcarries“significantrepercussionsforwaterqualityandfloodcontrolthroughouttheUS,”asJusticeBrettKavanaughobserved.InMaryland,thegoodnewsisthattherearemanystatelawsinplacethatprovidewetlandsprotections.Butthat'saveryshortsightedview,particularlywhenitcomestotheChesapeakeBay.Therealityisthatwaterandthepollutantsthatsooftencomewithit,don'trespectstateboundaries.TheChesapeakedrawsfroma64000-square-milewatershedthatextendstoVirginia,Pennsylvania,NewYork,WestVirginia,theDistrictofColumbiaandDelaware.WillthosejurisdictionsextendthesameprotectionsnowdeniedunderSackettV.EPA?Perhapssome,butall?Thatseemsunlikely.Itistooeasy,andmisleading,toseesuchcourtrulingsasmerelystandingupfortherightsoflandownerswhentheconsequencescanbesodirefortheirneighbors.Andit'sreminderthattheyEPA'sinvolvementintheChesapeakeBayprogramhaslongbeencrucialasthemeanstotranscendtheinfluenceofdeep-pocketedspecialinterestsinneighboringstates.Pennsylvaniafarmers,touseonetellingexample,aren'tthinkingaboutnextyear'sbluecrabharvestinMarylandwhentheydecidewhethertospreadanimalwasteontheirfields,yettherunoffintonearbycreekscanhaveenormousimpactsdownstream.AndsowewouldalsocallonstatelawmakersfromRichmondtoAlbanytoconsiderreviewingtheirownwetlandsprotectionsandseeforthemselvestheenormousstakesinvolved.Wecan'tofferthematriptotheChesapeakeBaymodel.It'sbeengonesincethe1980sbutperhapsavisittoBlackwaterNationalWildlifeRefugeinDorchesterCountywhereAmericanbaldeaglesflyovertidalmarshessoshallowyoucouldnotpaddleaboatacrossthembutteamingwithaquaticlife.It'sworththescenicdrive.36.TheChesapeakeBayisdescribedinParagraph1as______.[A]avaluenaturalenvironment[B]acontroversialconservationarea[C]aplacewithcommercialpotential[D]aheadachefornearbycommunities37.TheU.S.SupremeCourt'srulingintheIdahocase______.[A]reinforceswaterpollutioncontrol[B]weakenstheEPA'sregulatorypower[C]willendconflictsamonglocalresidents[D]mayfaceoppositionfromminingoperators38.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureoftheChesapeakeBay?[A]Worried.[B]Puzzled.[C]Relieved.[D]Encouraged.39.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheEPA'sinvolvementintheChesapeakeBayProgram?[A]Ithasrestoredthebalanceamongneighboringjurisdictions.[B]Ithastriggeredaradicalreformincommercialfisheries.[C]Ithassetafineexampleofrespectingstateauthorities.[D]Ithasensuredthecoordinationofprotectionefforts.40.Theauthorholdsthatthestatelawmakersshould______.[A]becautiousabouttheinfluenceoflandowners[B]attachdueimportancetowetlandsprotections[C]recognizetheneedtoexpandwildliferefuges[D]improvethewellbeingofendangeredspeciesPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingcommentsonareportaboutAmericanmusuemsreturningartifactstotheircountriesoforiginandalistofstatementssummarizingthecomments.ChoosethebeststatementfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedname(41-45).Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)(41)HannahSimply,therearepeopleinNigeriawhocannottraveltotheSmithsonianInstitutiontoseethatpartoftheirhistoryandculturerepresentedbytheBeninBronzes.Theseshouldbeavailabletothemaspartoftheirculturalheritageandhistoryandasasourceofnationalpride.Thereisnogoodreasonthattheseartifactsshouldbebeyondtheordinaryreachoftheeducationalobjectivesorinspirationofthegenerationstowhichtheywereleft.TheyservenopurposeinamuseumintheUnitedStatesorelsewhereexceptascuriousobjects.Theycannotbecomparedtoworksofartproducedforsalewhichcanbepassedfromhandtohandandplacetoplacebypurchase.(42)BuckWeknowveryexactreproductionsofartworkcanbeandareregularlyproduced.Perhapsmuseumsandgovernmentsmightexploresomerolefortheuseofnearlyexactreproductionsasameansofresolvingissuesrelatingtoreturningworksofartandantiquities.Thecontextofanyexhibitismoreimportanttomethanwhethertheobjectbeingdisplayedis2,000yearsoldor2monthsold.Inmanycasestheexpertshaveahardtimeagreeingonwhatistherealobjectandwhatisaforgery.Again,thestoryanexhibitistryingtotelliswhatmatters.Themonetaryvalueoftheobjectsondisplayisadistantsecondplaceinimportance.(43)SaraWhenvisitingtheBaltimoreMuseumofArt,Icameacrossamagnificent15th-centuryChinesesculpture.Itinspiredmetolearnmoreabouttheculturethatitrepresented.Artifactsinmuseumshavethepowertoinspire,andperhapssparkthatneedtolearnandunderstandthenatureoftheircreators.Havingsaidthat,Idofeelthatwhateverartifactsfindtheirwaytopublicmuseumsshould,infact,besanctionedashavingbeenobtainedonloan,legallypurchased,orobtainedbytreaty.Stealingartifactsfromotherpeoples’culturesisobscene;itrobsnotonlythephysicalobjects,butthedignityandspiritoftheircreators.(44)VictorAncientartthatisdisplayedinforeigncountriesbyallmeansshouldbereturnedtotheoriginalcountry.Theforeigncountrieshavenorighttoholdbackreturningtheitems.Iwouldaskthattheforeignnationsandtheoriginalcountrydiscussthetermsoftransfer.Yes,thereistheriskthattheoriginalcountrywillnothaveasgoodsecurityasdotheforeigncountries.ButlookatwhathappenedtoBoston’sGardnerMuseumtheftin1990,includingthelossofRembrandt,Vermeer,Manet,andothermasterpieces.Nothingisabsolutelysafenowhere.AndnowClimateChangeagitatorsareattackingpubliclydisplayedworksinEuropeanmuseums.(45)JuliaTothoseofyouinthecommentssectionwhoarehavingstrongfeelingsaboutArtifactsbeingremovedfromcitiesintheUSandBritainandreturnedtotheirCountriesoforigin,IwouldaskyoutoconsiderwhydoyouthinkAmericanshavemoreofarighttoeasilyaccesstheBeninBronzesthanthepeopleofNigeria?Whyarepeoplewholivewithinaday’sdriveofLondonentitledtogoandseetheElginMarbleswhenevertheywant,butthepeopleofAthensaren’t?WhatIntrinsicfactorsmaketheWestasuitablehomefortheseartifactsbutprecludethemfrombeingpreservedanddisplayedbytheircountriesoforigin?IfyourconclusionisthattheWestisbetterabletopreservetheseartifacts,thinkaboutWhyyou’reassumingthattobetrue.A.Itisclearthatcountriesoforiginhaveneverbeencompensatedforstolenartifacts.B.Itisaflawedlineofreasoningtoargueagainstreturningartifactstotheircountriesoforigin.C.Museumvisitorcanstilllearnasmuchfromartifactscopiesaftertheoriginalsarereturned.D.Reproductions,evenifperfectlymade,cannottaketheplaceoftheauthenticobjects.E.Therealvalueofartifactscanonlyberecognizedintheircountriesoforiginratherthananywhereelse.F.Waystogetartifactsfromothercountriesmustbedecentandlawful.G.Concernoversecurityisnoexcuseforrefusingtoreturnartifactstotheircountriesoforigin.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)“Elephantsneverforget”—orsotheysay—andthatpieceoffolkloreseemstohavesomefoundation.TheAfricansavannaelephantalsoknownastheAfricanbushelephant,isdistributedacross37Africancountries(46)Theysometimestravelmorethansixtymilestofindfoodorwater,andareverygoodatworkingoutwhereotherelephantsare—evenwhentheyareoutofsight.Usingtrackingdevices,researchershaveshownthattheyhave“remarkablespatialacuity”,whenfindingtheirwaytowaterholes,theyheadedoffinexactlytherightdirection,ononeoccasionfromadistanceofroughlythirtymiles.Whatismore,theyalmostalwaysseemtochoosethenearestwaterhole.(47)Theresearchersareconvincedthattheelephantsalwaysknowpreciselywheretheyareinrelationtoalltheresourcestheyneed,andcanthereforetakeshortcuts,aswellasfollowingfamiliarroutes.AlthoughthecuesusedbyAfricanelephantsforlong-distancenavigationarenotyetunderstood,smellmaywellplayapart.Elephantsareverychoosyeaters,butuntilrecentlylittlewasknownabouthowtheyselectedtheirfood.(48)Onepossibilitywasthattheymerelyusedtheireyesandtriedouttheplantstheyfound,butthatwouldprobablyresultinalotofwastedtimeandenergy,notleastbecausetheireyesightisactuallynotverygood.(49)Thevolatilechemicalsproducedbyplantscanbecarriedalongway,andtheyareverycharacteristic:Eachplantortreehasitsownparticularodorsignature.Whatismore,theycanbedetectedevenwhentheyarenotactuallyvisible.Newresearchsuggeststhatsmellisacrucialfactoringuidingelephants—andprobablyotherherbivores—tothebestfoodresources.Theresearchersfirstestablishedwhatkindsofplanttheelephantspreferredeithertoeatoravoidwhenforagingfreely.Theythensetupa“foodstation”experiment,inwhichtheygaveelephantsaseriesofchoicesbasedonlyonsmell.(50)Theexperimentshowedthatelephantsmaywellusesmelltoidentifypatchesoftreesthataregoodtoeat,andsecondlytoassessthequalityofthetreeswithineachpatch.Freerangingelephantspresumablyalsousethisinformationtolocatetheirpreferredfood.Theirwell-developedhippocampalstructuresmayenableelephants,likeratsandpeople,toconstructcognitivemaps.SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Readthefollowingemailfromaninternationalstudentandwriteareply.DearLiMing,I'vegotaclassassignmenttomakeanoralreportonanancientChinesescientist.Iamnotsurehowtoprepareforit.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?Thanksforyourhelp.Yours,PaulWriteyourletterinabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameintheemail;use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthepictureandthechartbelow.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interprettheimpliedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.Writeyouranswerin160-200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

2024年考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題答案SectionIUseofEnglish(10points)1.D2.C3.B4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.A10.D