中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課件專(zhuān)題主謂一致

Welcometoourclass

12021/10/10找出下列句子的錯(cuò)誤1.Thepoliceiscomimgsoon.2.Thesadnewsmakemecry.3.Myshoesisnew.4.Therichisgoingtobelookedafterwell.5.Thispairofglassesaremine.6.Thefirstclassbeginateighteverymorning.Mancan’tbeperfect.makesareareareisbeginsLet’stry.22021/10/10Whatdidyoulearnfromthem?

1、英語(yǔ)句子中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。2、有些主語(yǔ)雖為單數(shù)形式，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)。有些主語(yǔ)雖為復(fù)數(shù)形式，意義為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。所以，我們應(yīng)保持主謂意義上的一致。32021/10/10Subject–verbagreement主謂一致性42021/10/10主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。這是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則，也是英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)區(qū)別很大的地方。主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：二、意義一致三、就近原則一、語(yǔ)法一致52021/10/10

一、語(yǔ)法一致主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.我經(jīng)常幫助他，他也經(jīng)常幫助我。Weoftenhelpeachother.我們經(jīng)常互相幫助。不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。62021/10/10二、意義一致主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Thecrowdwere

surroundingthegovernmentofficial.人群包圍了這位政府官員。Mathsis

hardtolearn.數(shù)學(xué)難學(xué)。72021/10/10三、就近原則就近原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)。Thereisapen

andtwopencilsonthedesk.

桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。82021/10/10and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：

1).and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：HeandIarebothstudentsofthisschool.

我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。

Timeandtidewaitfornoman.

歲月不饒人。92021/10/102).如果連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列結(jié)構(gòu)是指同一個(gè)人或物，或指同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這時(shí)and后面的名詞前不加冠詞。102021/10/10例如：A).表整體概念的并列結(jié)構(gòu)：breadandbutterknifeandforkironandsteellawandorderB).配套事物：awatchandchainaneedleandthread

Theknifeandforkisonthedesk.刀叉放在桌子上。112021/10/102.主語(yǔ)后面帶有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,including,but等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。例如：

Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthegarden.

老師和同學(xué)們正在花園里種樹(shù)。122021/10/103.如果主語(yǔ)是不定式，動(dòng)詞-ing形式或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.

他正在做什么看起來(lái)很重要。Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.

為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福。132021/10/104.用連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each,

every或no修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.

班里的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。142021/10/10.Everyoneof

oneof

eachof

eitherof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

Eachofthestudents

hasabook..Oneofyourbooksisnew.152021/10/105.eachof+

復(fù)數(shù)代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Eachofushassomethingtosay.Weeachhavesomethingtosay.我們每個(gè)人都有些話要說(shuō)。162021/10/106.不定代詞all,more,some,any,none等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)它指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Alltheapplesare

rotten.

所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。Alltheappleis

rotten.

整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。Noneofusare/isperfect.人無(wú)完人。Noneofthemoneyisleft.

一點(diǎn)錢(qián)也沒(méi)剩下。172021/10/107.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Someoneiscallingyou.

有人叫你。

Nothingisfoundintheroom.

在屋里找不到什么東西。182021/10/108.名詞如trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses

等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)；如：

Thescissorsaresharp.192021/10/10而形復(fù)義單的名詞如news;以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)如physics,politics,

國(guó)名如theUnitedStates;報(bào)紙名如theNewTimes;書(shū)名如GreatExpectations(《遠(yuǎn)大前程》)；以及theUnitedNations作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。202021/10/10

如：Nonewsisgoodnews.GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.212021/10/109.集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)，主要由句子的意思決定。若指一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但若指其成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類(lèi)名詞有people,family,class,population,crowd,team,ground等。例如：Thefamilyisverybig.TheirfamilyarewatchingTVnow.Chinesepeopleisahardworkingpeople.peoplehereareverykind.222021/10/1010.有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定。這類(lèi)名詞有means,deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish等。如：Noteverymeansisuseful.

并非每種方法都有效。Notallmeansareuseful.

并非所有的方法都有效。232021/10/1011.表示一類(lèi)人的“the+形容詞(分詞)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thesick

intheaccident

have

beentakentothehospital.Thelosthave

beenfound.242021/10/1012.表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離、度量等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不管單復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Thirtyyearsis

notalongtime.30年的時(shí)間并不長(zhǎng)。Twohoursis

enoughformetofinishthework.

兩個(gè)小時(shí)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)完成這項(xiàng)工作足夠了。252021/10/1013.therestof,halfof,majorityof,partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,aplentyof,percentof

以及分?jǐn)?shù)詞等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面名詞的數(shù)，即就近原則。如：Apartofthe

studentshave

arrived.部分學(xué)生已到了。Apartofthe

applehas

beeneatenbythemouse.這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的一部分被老鼠吃了。262021/10/1014.在表存在的therebe句式中，主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列名詞（短語(yǔ)），be的形式與最近的一個(gè)名詞（短語(yǔ)）保持一致。

Thereisapen,twopencilsandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Therearetwopencils,apenandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Thereareseveralbooks,apenandtwopencilsonthedesk.272021/10/1015.由here,there等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，若主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Herecomesthebus.Hereisapenandtwobooksforyou.282021/10/1016.用連詞or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Neitheryounor

Iam

wrong.NeitherInor

youare

wrong.Notonlythestudentsbutalso

theteacherenjoys

listeningtothe

music.Notonlytheteacherbutalso

thestudentsenjoy

listeningtothemusic.292021/10/101.

由and連接的并列成分指的是一個(gè)人的雙重身份時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)，如果指不同的人或物時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

The

workerandwriter

isfromWuhan.(那個(gè)工人兼作家…)

Theworkerandthewriter

arefromBeijing.(那位工人和那位作家)302021/10/10謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該跟主語(yǔ)一致還是跟表語(yǔ)一致?WeChinese____ahard-workingpeople．A.isB.are

C.isbeingD.arebeing此題應(yīng)選B。這里應(yīng)注意的是：我們通常說(shuō)的是主謂一致（即謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)一致），本題意為：我們中國(guó)人是一個(gè)勤勞的民族。312021/10/10注意以下類(lèi)似例子：Thesetwodictionaries

areapresentformybestfriendJim．Theplanets

weretheobjectofhisstudy．ThemostimportantthingIneedisbooks．Thebestpartofthemeal

isthecoffeeandcookies．322021/10/10

Whenandwheretobuildthenew

factory______yet.

A.isnotdecided

B.arenotdecided

C.hasnotdecided

D.havenotdecided析:當(dāng)when和where加不定式指的是同一件事時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A332021/10/10every并列使用時(shí)，動(dòng)詞取單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirl______

thateachdayandeachhourbrings

______duty.A.know,theirB.knows,theirC.knows,itsD.know,itsB342021/10/10E-mail,aswellastelephones,____

animportantpartindaily

communication.A.isplaying B.haveplayedC.areplaying D.play352021/10/10Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift．A.isoffered

B.hasofferedC.areoffered

D.haveoffered362021/10/103.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary

____tiredofhavingoneexamination

afteranother．A.isB.areC.amD.be4.Nottheteacher,butthestudents

____lookingforwardtoseeingthe

film．A.isB.areC.amD.be372021/10/105.Awomanwithsomechildren______

soon． A.iscoming B.arecoming C.hascome D.havecome6.Nooneexceptmyparents____

anythingaboutthis。 A.know B.knows C.isknown D.areknown382021/10/107．Theteacheraswellasthestudents

______thebookalready．A.hasread B.havereadC.arereading D.isreading8．Allbut（除了）one____intheaccident．A.waskilled B.werekilledC.willbekilled D.arekilled392021/10/109.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,

butanumberofthem___absentfor

differentreasons. A.were;was B.was;was

C.was;were D.were;were10.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____

coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;is B.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;is D.Twofifths;are402021/10/101.OurclassaregoingtohikenextweekOurclassarebigandclean.2.Aspeakerandwriterdoesexerciseeveryday.Aspeakerandawriterdoesexerciseeveryday.Doyouknowthedifferences?3.AnumberofChinesearelearningEnglish.Thenumberofthestudentsareforty.哪一句表達(dá)正確？412021/10/10給句子填上is/am/are1.There_____somemilkandsomebottlesonthetable.2.NeitherJimnorMary______right.3.EitheryouorI_______goingtoworkthere.4.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher____happy.5.There______somesheepandachildoverthere.isisamisare422021/10/10Therebe_A_and_B_Either_A_or_B_Neither_A_nor_B_Notonly_A_butalso_B_動(dòng)詞Thinkingmakesyouclever就近原則432021/10/101.Behindthehouse_______(be)sometrees.2.Everystudentandeveryteacher_______(come)toschoolontimeinthemorning.3.Nomanandnowoman______(like)theseshoes.4.Heorshe______(have)gonethere.5.Whathesaid________(sound)reasonable.6.“I”____(be)theninthletter.Canyouworkthemout?arecomeslikeshassoundsisTruegoldfearsnotthefire.442021/10/10找出各句中的錯(cuò)誤1.Anumberofstudentshasseenthefilm.2.Thiskindofapplestasteverygood.3.Notonlymyclassroombutalsomyteacherarefondofsports.4.TheGreenshasreturnedtoEngland.5.Thosewhoonlythinksofthemselvescanneverbehappy.6.Wheneachpersoncomein,theymustshowtheirtickets.havetastesishavethinkcomesThinkcarefully452021/10/107.Tenthousandpoundsarealotofmoney.8.Marylikesmanyothergirlslikesdancing.9.WeareChinese.YoutwoareGerman.10.Thesingeranddancerlookveryyoung.11.Fishandchipsaremyfavourite.12.Nobodybutthetwinsistersknowthesecret.IcanmakeitislikeGermanslooksisknows462021/10/10

Multiplechoice:1.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging2.“Newsofvictories_____pouringinasourarmyadvances,”thecompanycommandersaid.A.keepB.keptC.keepsD.havekept3.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has472021/10/10

4.Zhang’sfamily____ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.A.isB.areC.beingD.was5.NobodybutJane____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown6.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were482021/10/107.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided8.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered492021/10/101.Thecountrylifehewasusedto______greatlysince1992.

A.change B.haschanged C.changing D.havechanged502021/10/102.Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen,especiallythose