Poems教案人教版課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教材(英語選修7 第2 單元)知識(shí)講解

Poems教案

人教版課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教材(英語選修7第2單元)知識(shí)講解

第二單元

1.appear(1)意為“出現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)”，不及物動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)態(tài)，其反義詞為

disappear不及物動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)態(tài)

Itappearstobe/that/asif…和appear+介詞短語

Arainbowappearedintheskyaftertherain.Weexpectedhimtocome

atsevenbuthedidn'tappearuntileight.

Hernewbookwillappearinthebookshopsverysoon.HesaidIwould

neverappearontheair.Heappearedill.

Heappeared(tobe)willingtogowithme.Heappearedtohaveseenthe

film.Itappearedtomethatyouareright.

(2)意為“似乎，好像，顯得”不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。Youdon'tappeartocare

muchformusic.

Sheappears(tobe)anhonestgirl.Itappearsasiftheyhavelost

interestinEnglish.

appear,look,與seem的異同：(1)appear指根據(jù)事物的表面現(xiàn)象而作出

的判斷，暗含事實(shí)上并非如此之意。

(2)look指憑視覺印象而作出的判斷，實(shí)際上也可能如此。Helookedasif

hewasworryingaboutsomething.(正)

(3)seem是指暗含有一定根據(jù)的，往往接近事實(shí)的判斷，強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)心的感受。

Hishealthseemstobebetter.

它們之后都可以接名詞、形容詞、tobe不定式等結(jié)構(gòu)，通常可以互換，但

下列情況下不可互換。

①look,seem之后可接like短語，而appear不能。

look可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)而appear,seem不能，look,seem之后可接asif

(though)引導(dǎo)的從句，而appear不能。

②appear,seem之后可接that從句，而look不能。Itseemed(appeared)

that/asifhewasill.

appear,seem之后可接實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的不定式，而look不能。

appear,seem可用于therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中而look不能。

Thegreenleavesappeared/looked/seemed(tobe)morebeautifulafter

therain.

Itseems/lookslikeyearssinceIlastmetyou.Sheislookingquite

adifferentpersonnow.

Itseems/looksasifheknewnothingabouthisnewfriend.Itappears

/seemsthatwehavemissedourchance.

Sheappears/seemstohavemissedthethirdactoftheplay.There

appears/seemstobeamistakeinthesefigures.

Doletyourmotherknowthetruth.Sheappears_everything.Atotell

BtobetoldCtobetellingDtohavebeentold

2certain(1)作前置定語，意為“某個(gè)，某些“Therearecertain

reasonswhythisinformationcan,tbemadepublic.

Drinkingisforbiddenincertaincountries.AcertainMsJonesphoned

youtoday.ImetMr.Zhangatacertainplace.

(2)意為“確定的，有把握的”用法相當(dāng)于sure一般可互換。但在Itis

certainthat句型中只能用certain

besureofsthI'msureofthevictory.

surebesuretodosthWearesuretowinthematch.

besurethatI'msurethathecancomeontime.

3experiment(1)n”試驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)”常用詞組：make/perform/carryout/

conductanexperiment進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)/實(shí)驗(yàn)

Ithasbeenprovedbyexperimentthattheatomcanbedividedagain.

Welearnedthetruthbyexperiment.

(2)viexperimentwith測試，嘗試Theteacherexperimentedwithanew

teachingmethod.

Theyexperimentedwithnewmaterialsexperimenton用…做實(shí)驗(yàn)

Theresearchersexperimentonrats.Manypeopledisapproveof

experimentingonanimals.

4absent(1)缺席的，不在場的(+from)beabsentfromschool/ameeting

/work不上學(xué)/不到會(huì)/缺勤

Threemembersoftheclasswereabsentthismorning.

Heisabsentonbusiness.他因事缺席。HeisabsentfromHongKong.

他不在香港。

(2)不在意的，漫不經(jīng)心的，心不在焉的anabsentexpression/look茫然

的表情/樣子anabsentlookonhisface

Helookedatmeinanabsentway.他茫然地望著我。Hehadanabsentlook

onhisface.他臉上露出心不在焉的神色。

absence(n)absenceofmind心不在焉的inone'sabsence=intheabsence

ofsb在背地里，在某人不在時(shí)

Heoftenspeaksill/poorlyofyouinyourabsence.Intheabsenceof

themanager,Ishallbeincharge.

Behaveyourselfduringmyabsence.我不在時(shí),你規(guī)矩點(diǎn)。

Isoonnoticedhisabsencefromschool.

(3)缺少的，不存在的Snowisabsentinhiscountry.他的國家不下雪。

(4)vt.不在；缺席Whydidyouabsentyourselffromschoolyesterday?

昨天你為何不到校？

absent的反義詞是present出席的，在場的Howmanypeoplewerepresentat

themeeting?到會(huì)的有多少人？

5persuade說服(成功地說服了某人做某事)如果表示說而不服用tryto

persuadesbtodosth或advisesbtodosth

常見用法persuadesbtodosthpersuadesbintodoingsthpersuadesb

that-clausepersuadesboutofdoingsth

(1.)說服，勸服(+into/outof)/(+sbtodosth.)Shepersuadedmeinto

buyingit.她說服我買下了它。

Thesalesmanpersuadedustobuyhisproduct.那個(gè)推銷員說服了我們買

他的產(chǎn)品。

Hepersuadedhertogotoschool,eventhoughshedidnotwantto.

即使她不想去上學(xué)，他還是說服她去。

Hepersuadedhertogo/intogoingwithhim.Ipersuadedhimoutof

smoking.

ShepersuadedherfathertochangehismindHepersuadedmethatdeath

doesnotendall.死不能使一切結(jié)束

ManytimesItriedtopersuadehimtotakethejob,butIfailed.

Iadvisedhimtodoitbuthewouldn,t.=Itriedtopersuadehimto

doitbuthewouldn,t.

(2).使某人相信(+of)/(+that)HowcanIpersuadeyouofmysincerity?

我怎樣才能使你相信我的誠意呢？

Weworkedhardtopersuadethemthatweweregenuinelyinterestedin

theproject.

我們想盡辦法以使他們相信我們確實(shí)對這一計(jì)劃感興趣。

6embarrass(v)”使(某人)覺得不自在、尷尬或害羞"Areyoutryingto

embarrassme?

Iwasembarrassedbyhiscommentsaboutmyclothes.他評價(jià)我的衣服

使我難堪。

Idon'tlikemakingspeechesinpublic；foritisembarrassing.我

不喜歡在公眾面前講話，太難為情了。

embarrassment(n)尷尬embarrassing(adj)令人尷尬/局促不安/為難的

embarrassed(adj)覺得不好意思的，發(fā)窘的

Hefeltbyhislackofmoneywhenhisfriendaskedhim

forhelp.

7Itwasdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.主語從

句it為形式主語

Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.ItseemsthatLaoWu'

sideaismorepractical.

IthappenedthatIwasn'ttherethatday.類似用法：

(1)It'sapity/ashame/goodnews/anhonor/agoodthingthat…

(2)It'sstrange/natural/surprising/true/funny/wonderful/likely

/possible/probable,,?that….

(3)Itseems/happened/suddenlystruckmethat…

(4)Itwassaid/reported/announced/expected/arrangedthat…

(5)Itisdoubtful/notdecided/notmadeclear/tobedecided/a

question+連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。

(6)Itdoesn,tmatter/doesn,tmaketoomuchdifference+連接代詞

或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。

7want(1)v”要，想要，希望"want(sb)todosth

want+n/pron

常見用法want+ing形式的主動(dòng)式，不定式的被動(dòng)式。(同need,require)

wantsb/sth+過去分詞

Theywantabiggerflat.Wedon,twantyoutogetintotrouble.She

wantstogotoItaly.

Iwantit(tobe)doneasquicklyaspossible.Idon'twantthechildren

takenoutinsuchweather.

Theplantswantwateringeveryday.=Theplantswanttobewateredevery

day.

(2)欲望，需要Heisamanoffewwants.Thisbookmeetsalong-felt

want.這本書滿足了盼望已久的需要。

Thishouseisinwantofrepair.這所房子該修了。

8elegant高雅的，優(yōu)雅的anelegantwoman高雅的女士elegantmanners

優(yōu)美的舉止

anelegantpieceoffurniture反義詞：inelegantelegance(n)elegantly

(adv)

9reachfor伸手觸到，抓到Hereachedforhisgun.Ireachedacross

thetableforthejam.伸手到桌子那端去拿…reachout(tosb/sth)幫忙We

mustreachouttothoseinneed.

beyond/outofreach手不可及，夠不到withinreach伸手可及

10allow允許常用搭配：(1)allowsbtodosth(2)allowdoingsth(3)

allow+n/pron(4)beallowedtodo

Theywon,tallowsuchanaction.Myparentsdon,tallowmetostay

outlate.Wedon,tallowsmokinghere.

Thenurseallowedhimtostaythere,thoughitwasnotpermitted.He

wasallowed.

11accompany(1)v伴隨，陪同Willyouaccompanymeindrinkingaglass

ofwine?Pleaseaccompanymeonmywalk.

Thelittlepatientaccompaniedbyhisparentswassittingatthewaiting

room.Lightningusuallyaccompaniesthunder.

(2)v為…伴奏Hermotheraccompaniedheronthepiano.她母親為她鋼

琴伴奏。accompanysbon/atsth

近義詞辨析：company公司，伙伴keepsbcompany陪伴，和某人做伴I'11

keepyoucompanywhateverhappens..

Itissaidthatdogswillkeepyoucompanyforaslongaswantwhenyou

arefeelinglonely.

而accompany表示“陪同,一去"Heaccompaniedaforeignvisitortothe

airport,accompanysbto陪某人去?一

12desire(n)渴望，欲望，渴求。后接for短語或不定式

(l)Hehasnodesireforhealth.It'simpossibletosatisfyalltheir

desires.

Hehasastrongdesireforsuccess.二Hehasastrongdesiretosucceed.

(2)v渴望，希望，想要，后接名詞、不定式或從句。不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。

Myparentsdesiremetoenterakeyuniversity.

Hewhodesireshonorisnotworthyofhonor.期望得到榮譽(yù)的人不配得到

榮TheygreatlydesiredtocometoChina.

(3)作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“要求，希望”，這時(shí)接賓語從句，賓語從句的謂語

動(dòng)詞用should+v原形，should可省去。

Itisdesiredthatthisrule(should)bebroughttotheattentionof

allthemembers.要求這一規(guī)定必須引起所有成員…

Peopleexpressedtheirdesirethatthewar(should)cometoanend.The

presidentdesiresthatyou(should)visithim.

Wedesirethathelp___herewithoutdelay.AbesentBissentChas

beensentDwassent

類似用法的詞有：demand,insist,require,request,order,recommend

等

13perform(1)vt完成，執(zhí)行Aswasexpected,heperformedthework

successfully.Thechairmanperformedhisduty.

(2)機(jī)器等的運(yùn)行情況。

Themachinecanperformthreeoperationsatatime.這部機(jī)器可同時(shí)

進(jìn)行三種作業(yè)。

(3)表示廣義的演出，如戲劇、唱歌、演奏、表演戲法等。Tomalso

performedapartintheplay.在劇里也扮演了…

Themonkeyperformedwonderfullyattheshow.猴子在表演中表現(xiàn)得非常

精彩。

14program(1)n程序，安排，節(jié)目，規(guī)劃Heknowsthecomputerprogram

verywell.

IenjoyedthoseTVprogramsverymuch.Thereservoirwillbebuiltunder

thisyear,sprogram.…按照本年度規(guī)劃…

(2)v編程序Theycanbeprogrammedtocarryoutavarietyofjobs.

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto1istal]thepeoplewhoareover35.

15carryout開展，貫徹，執(zhí)行，履行Theplanisbeingcarriedout.

Remembertocarryoutyourpromise.

16character(n)性格，性質(zhì)，人格品性，特點(diǎn)，人物，字體，文字a

womanofgreatcharacter品格高尚的女人

Hehasastrongcharacter.他是個(gè)性格堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人。Themaincharacteris

ayoungstudent.主角是個(gè)青年學(xué)生。

beoutofcharacter不符合(某人)平時(shí)的性格beincharacter合乎(某

人）的性格

Theoldhousehadalotofcharacter.這所舊房子很具特色Thisisabook

ofaliterarycharacter.….有文學(xué)特色的書。

Heisofgoodcharacter.=Heisamanofgoodcharacter.他是一個(gè)品

格好的人。

17position(n)位置，職務(wù)，職位,地位，身份，處境，姿勢

Thecaptaincheckedtheship'sposition.Heholdsahighpositionin

thegovernment.他在政府機(jī)構(gòu)有很高的職位。

Hegotapositioninthecompany.Thegirlisdrawninastandingposition.

18makeup(n)裝扮，穿著Hismakeupisunnatural.

makeup⑴組成Fiftystudentsmakeupourclass.Ourclassismadeup

of50students.(consistsof)

(2)捏造，編造Inordertoescapebeingpunished,hemadeupanexcuse.

(3)化妝，打扮Ittookherhalfanhourtomakeup.Shemadeupher

face.

(4)補(bǔ)上,補(bǔ)做(失去的東西，誤了的事情)CanIleaveearlythisafternoon

andmakeuptomorrow?

Becauseyouwereill,youhavetomakeupthefinalexam.Youmustmake

upthemoneyweaskfor.(湊足)

(5)彌補(bǔ),補(bǔ)償(以其他方式)Hardworkcanmakeupforalackof

intelligence.

Doyouthinkherbeautycouldmakeupforthestupidity?

19awful(adj)可怕的，過多的，惡劣的awfully(adv)極，非常地Itis

anscene.

Theweatherwasthissummer.Itiscold.天氣極冷。

It'sgoingtocostanawfullotofmoney.

20affair(n)事情，事件，情形，事態(tài)，事務(wù)，戀愛事件/私通事件That's

myaffair,notyours.那是我的事，你少管。

Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthisaffair.She,shaving

anaffairwithherboss.…有曖昧的關(guān)系

Heaskedmehowaffairsstood.他問我情形怎樣。

Wearegoingtolookintoaffairs.我們要調(diào)查事態(tài)。

近義詞辨析：(l)affair通常指重大事情或事物，并多用復(fù)數(shù)，有時(shí)也指一

般事情/物

Mindyourownaffairs,foreignaffairscurrentaffairs

(2)thing事情，事物，東西的通稱。

不管大事小事，好事壞事均可用thing表示。

thing一般不專指事物

Youmustrememberonething---alwaysbehaveyourself.Allthethings

areinthetruck.

(3)matter可指物質(zhì)或事情、問題。它還常用來指“麻煩的事情”

Theuniverseiscomposedofmatter.Wehaveseveralmatterstodealwith

atournextmeeting.

Itisnolaughingmatter.這不是開玩笑的事。

Thereisnothingthematterwithher.這件事與她無關(guān)。

(4)business作“事情”講時(shí)，一般指公事、正事或商業(yè)事務(wù)。

Let'sgetdowntoourbusiness.讓我們辦正事。

HewenttoBeijingonbusiness.他到北京出差去了。

21afterall(1)畢竟，別忘了Don'texpecttoomuchofhim.Afterall

heisonlyachild.

Don,tworryaboutyourson.Afterallhehasgrownup.

(2)終究，還是，雖然…終于…Hedidn,tworkhardbuthepassedthe

examafterall.

Bobthoughthecouldn,tgotothepartybecauseoftoomuchhomework,

buthewentafterall.

Idon,tthinkthejobiswelldone.That'sOK._you'vetriedyour

best.A.AtallB.AfterallC.AllaboveDFirstofall

22declarevt公布，宣布，表明.declarefor/against公開表示支持/反

對declarewaron/against對…宣戰(zhàn)

declare+nTheUSdeclaredherindependencein1776.

declare+that從句IdeclaredthatIdidnotsupporttheleader.

declare+n+p.pIdeclaredthemeetingclosed.

declareoneselftobeHedeclaredhimselftoberight.

近義詞辨析：declare和announce均表示“聲稱，宣布“，但前者要比

后者正式。

declare表示正式明白地宣告，尤其是會(huì)引起反對的事情的宣告。

announce是表示“宣布”的普通用詞，尤其是對大家所關(guān)心的或有新聞價(jià)

值的事情的宣布。

Theywilldeclaretheresultsoftheelection.Germanydeclaredwar

onFranceon1August1914.

Thegovernmenthasdeclaredwaronilliteracy.政府已宣布要掃除文盲。

Ourteacherwillannouncetheresultsoftheexamination,announceto

thepublicannouncetothemedia

announce與to連用：suggeststhtosbexplainsthtosbannouncesth

tosbreportsthtodosth

Hisactions_himtobeanhonestman.AdeclaredBconsideredCthought

Ddecided

23intime及時(shí)，遲早Theycaughtthetrainintime.Ifyoukeepon,

youwillsucceedintime.

aheadoftime提前allthetime一直，始終innotime立刻atatime

一次，每次atonetime曾經(jīng)，一度atalltimes一直，無論何時(shí)atanytime

隨時(shí)，在任何時(shí)候atnotime決不，任何時(shí)候都不ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)

24strike(struck,struck/stricken)(1)打，擊，敲，常表示用力打，

可以是一次或多次Strikewhiletheironishot.

(2)觸(礁)，撞Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.

(1)發(fā)起進(jìn)攻/襲擊；(災(zāi)難，疾病)侵襲

Ourtroopsstrucktheenemycampatdawn.Thisareawasstruckbyan

outbreakofSARS.

(2)擦(火柴)Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.

(3)(鐘)敲響Ileftimmediatelytheclockstrucktwelve.Theclockhas

juststrucksix.

(4)(某種想法)突然出現(xiàn)，忽然想到Agoodideastruckthescientist.It

struckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan

(5)給(人)某種印象或感覺，打動(dòng)，感動(dòng)某人Howdoestheplanstrikeyou?

Iwasdeeplystruckbyherbeauty.

(6)(n,v)罷工，斗爭beonstrikeTheworkersareonstrike.Theyare

strikingforhigherpay.

beat指海浪，棍棒等連續(xù)不斷地?fù)舸?也指心臟跳動(dòng)Wavesbeattheshore.

Ifeelmyheartbeatingfast.

hit打，擊中(指僅擊一次)強(qiáng)調(diào)擊中；另有“襲擊，遭受”之意。

behitbynaturaldisasters

hit+sb+ontheback/head打某人的背/頭

intheface/chest打某人的臉/胸膛

25ringsb/someplaceup=callsb/someplace給???打電話Ringupthe

airportandfindoutwhentheplaneleaves.

打電話的表示方法：(1)ringsbup(2)callsbup(3)telephonesb(4)

phonesb(5)givesbaphonecall(6)givesbari

26Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.turnaround=turn

round轉(zhuǎn)過身，轉(zhuǎn)回身

Whentheteacherturnedaround,theybegantowhisper.Theexamination

turnedouteasy.

(1)turnback折回，翻回(2)turnin上交，交回(3)turnout結(jié)果是，

生產(chǎn)，出來(4)turnup出現(xiàn)，到達(dá)，露面，調(diào)大(音量等)(5)turndown拒

絕，不接受，調(diào)低/小(6)turnon開(燈等)(7)turnoff關(guān)(燈等)(8)turn

over”考慮(某事)"1'vebeenturningtheideaoverinmymind.我心里

一直在考慮這個(gè)主意?！鞍选平弧眛urnsbover把…交給警察(9)turnred

withanger引發(fā)怒而漲紅（10）turnoveranewleaf改過自新，重新做人（11）

turnouttobe結(jié)果是，證明是Hisstoryturnedouttobetrue.（12）turnaway

不理，攆走，移開目光（13）turnagainst背叛

Hegottiredandturnedback.Youshouldn'tturnawayyouroldfriends.

Ifsheoffershelp,I'11turnherdown.

Withnoonetoinsuchafrighteningsituation,shefeltveryhelpless.

AturntoBturnonCturnoffDturnover

27Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.therestood此

句為存在結(jié)構(gòu)，常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有stand,seemtobe,happentobe,be

likelytobe,live,come,enter,lie等Therehappenedtobenobodyinthe

room.

Thereusedtobeacinemahere.Thereissuretobearestaurantthere.

Thereremainedjusttwentypounds.

Therehappenedtobeawarbetweenherheartandhermind.

Oncetherelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.

Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanyouwerepreparedfor.

sb/sthI'mexpectingatelegraph.我正在等一封電報(bào)。

28expecttodosthTheyexpectedtofinishtheworkbyFriday.

sbtodosthSheexpectedustobewaitingforherthere.

Doyouexpectitwillrain?預(yù)計(jì)…---Yes,Iexpectso.是的，我想會(huì)。

29transform（v）轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換，改造，使…變形Successandwealth

transformedhiscareer….改變了他的性格。

Asteamenginetransformsheatintopower.Shetransformedtheroomby

paintingit.她粉刷了房間，使它煥然一新

transformation(n)改變，轉(zhuǎn)變transformable(adj)可變形的

30managetodosth設(shè)法做成了某事，相當(dāng)于succeedindoingsth或cope

with做成某事，應(yīng)付某事

Inspiteoftheseinsults,shemanagednottogetangry,盡管受到這

些侮辱，她還是忍著沒發(fā)火。

Imanagedtogetupthestairs.Hemanagedtoget100scores.

manageable(adj)能處理的，易管理的manager(n)經(jīng)理，管理人

management(n)管理，管理部門，主管人員

31free(1)adj自由的，不受約束的afreecountrybefreetodosthset…

free把…釋放，給…自由

Youarefreetocomeandgoasyouplease.你來去自由。(2)免費(fèi)的，免

稅的afreeschool公費(fèi)學(xué)校freeofcharge

(3)不受…影響,無…freefromharm/pain不受傷害/無痛苦freeof

weeds無雜草

(4)vt釋放，讓某人自由TheyarefreedforthesakeofGod.感謝上帝，

他們都被釋放了ofreelyfreedom

32sight(1)視力，視覺haveagood/poorsight視力好/差(2)視野

in/withinsightoutofsightatthesightof乍一看catchsightof看到,

發(fā)現(xiàn)have/getsightof看到，發(fā)現(xiàn)Thecarisstillinsight.

(3)情景，景象，(尤指)奇觀，壯觀Theflowersarealovelysightin

spring.春天百花盛開，十分艷麗。

Thesunsetisabeautifulsight.日落是很美的景觀。

33envy(n)忌妒，羨慕，常用envyofsb或envyof/atsth

Thathedidsoisoutofenvyofmysuccess.出于對我成功的…

Hecouldn,tconcealhisenvyofme/envyatmysuccess.他遮掩不住對

我的忌妒/對我成功的忌妒。

(2)令人忌妒或羨慕的事物Hermanytalentsweretheenvyofallher

friends.她多才多藝，所有的朋友都很羨慕她。

(3)v忌妒或羨慕某人Ihavealwaysenviedyourgoodluck.Ienvyhim

(for)hissuccess.

34leavev(1)離開(某人/某人)Helefthomeinahurry.(2)忘帶

某物Ileftthebookinthegarden.

(3)使，??處于???adjLeavethedooropen.

prepDon,tleaveanyofyourbelongsbehind.I'veleftmybagonthe

bus.

leave+賓語+賓補(bǔ)nHewasleftanorphan

p.pSomethongsarebetterleftunsaid

pres,p.Don,tleavehimwaitingintherain.

Whcithashappened?Whydidyouleavethebabylyingonthefloor?

(4)剩下，留下Howmuchtimewasleft?

(5)adj剩下的，留下的Westillhavetwentyminutesleft.

remaining(adj)作定語時(shí)放在所修飾詞前Withtheremainingmoneyhecan

onlybuyapieceofbread.

相關(guān)短語(1)askforleave(2)onleave(3)asix-weekleave(4)leave

alone丟下…不管，不理會(huì)Leavehimalone.

It'sunnaturalforamothertoleaveherchildalonetoenjoyherself.

(5)leavebehind遺留，忘了帶Thelightsofthecityweresoonleftbehind.

Heleftagreatfamebehind.(6)leavefor離開去某地(7)leaveout漏掉，

省略

(8)leaveoutanimportantdetail(9)leaveoff停止，中斷

35risk(1)v使某人或自己面臨危險(xiǎn)，后常接n或v-ing

riskone'shealth/fortunate/life冒喪失健康/財(cái)富/生命的危險(xiǎn)risk

gettingcaughtinastorm

(2)危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(n)atrisk有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，危險(xiǎn)attheriskof冒…的危險(xiǎn)run

theriskofdoingsth或takearisk/risks

Heriskedbeingcaughtandkilled.Heriskedhislifewhenhesavedthe

childfromthefire.

Herunstheriskofbeingarrested.Youcan,tgetrichwithouttaking

risks.

36influence(1)(v)影響，對…有作用Theweatherinfluencethecrops.

Don,tbeinfluencedbybadexamples.

(2)U影響力，作用influenceonsththeinfluenceofthemoononthe

tides

theinfluenceofparentsontheirchiIdrentheinfluenceoftheclimate

onagriculturalproduction

haveagood/bad/harmful/beneficialinfluenceonsb'sbehavior

(3)C有影響的人，事Hisfatherisaninfluenceinpolitics.Those

so-calledfriendsofhersareabadinfluenceonher.

(4)Uinfluenceoversb/sth支配力，控制力Hisparentsnolongerhave

anyrealinfluenceoverhim.

influence指間接影響，涉及行為、思想、感情，多指影響無形的事物。

affect僅指影響感情或具體的事物。不可以說affectsbtodo而

influence則可以Influencedbyateacher,Itookupthestudyofmedicine.

Iwasdeeplyaffectedbyhisheroicdeeds.Smokingcanaffectheart.

37compare比較，對照compareAwithB把A和B做比較compareAtoB

把A比作B

comparedwith/to同…比起來,與…相比

Theirpricesarelowcomparedto/withthoseinothershops.Ateacher'

sworkisoftencomparedtoacandle.

Thepoetcompareshislovertoaroseinhispoems.MyEnglishcan,

tcomparewithhis.

It'sarapidincreasecomparedtomostnaturalchanges.Poetslike

tocomparedeathtosleep.

Thetownhaschangedalotwhatitwasbefore.

Weoftenyoungpeopletherisingsun.this

that,andyou'11seewhichisbetter.

withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggeroceandoesn'tseem

bigatall.

ACompareBWhencomparingC.ComparingDWhencompared

theadvancedcountries,westillhavealongwaytogotocatch

upwiththem.

AComparewithBComparetoC.ComparedtoDTobecomparedto

38kind種類(同sort)Whatkindoftreeisit?

Thiskindofbookisinteresting.=Bookofthiskindisinteresting.=

Booksofthiskindareinteresting.

Thosekindofquestionsaredifficult.Thesekindsoftree(s)areeasy

togrow.注意該詞的用法：

(1)用單數(shù)(指kind)，其后名詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。thatkindofapple

thatkindofbooks

(2)用復(fù)數(shù)，后面名詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。threekindsofknives

(3)用單數(shù)，前面的指示代詞可用復(fù)數(shù)，這是口語形式中的一種用法。

thesekindofbooks

相關(guān)用法：akindof一種，可以說是kindof有些，有點(diǎn)兒，ofakind

同類的，劣質(zhì)的Heisakindofgenius.

Helookskindofpale.Theyareofakind.Shemadeusofakind.

39especially(adv)“特別地，尤其”表程度。

specially”專門地”表目的

Heissorrythatyoudon,tlikewhathehasdoneas

hediditforyou.

40testout試驗(yàn)，測試，檢查Theytestedoutthenewsportscar.他

們測試了那部新車。

41need(1)可作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，但通常只用于疑問句和否定句。Youneedn,t

worryaboutme.

Idon,tthinkyouneedworry.SoIneedn,tbethere,needI?MustI

leavenow?No,youneedn,t.

(2)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need+nIneedmoney.

needtodoYouneedtogo.

needsbtodosthIneedyoutohelpme.

needsb/sthdoneIneedmywatchrepaired.

needdoing=needtobedone(物做主語)Mywatchneedsrepairing/tobe

repaired.

Everyoneofusasimplelife.AneedtodoBneedslivingCneeds

toliveDneedlive

42TonywantedtopleaseClairebyhelpinghermakeherselfandherhome

elegant.

bydoingsth表示“方式，方法和手段”by后面的詞常表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,

動(dòng)作、行為的方式或手段，后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞，且接名詞時(shí)不帶冠詞。with后

面的詞表示工具，所接名詞帶冠詞或復(fù)數(shù)。

Hewaswoundedbyrollingstones.他被滾動(dòng)的石頭砸傷。

Hewaswoundedwithastone.他被人用石頭砸傷。

Weseewithoureyesandhearwithourears.Hemadealivingbyselling

vegetables.

43with在句中表示原因和理由。

Hewasabsentwithacold.Shewastremblingwithfear.

with還表示“伴隨情況，帶在身上，用，依靠”等Comewithme.Don't

playwithhim.

Takeanumbrellawithyou.Withhishelp,wehavefinishedthework.

thefirstappearanceofthesun,thebirdsbegantosing.A.As

B.ForC.WithD.After

44Shescreamed,pushedhimawayandrantoherroomfortherestof

theday.

Rest(n)其余，剩余部分，常與the連用。

在使用therestof時(shí)應(yīng)注意：(1)of之后若為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，則視為復(fù)數(shù)，

若為不可數(shù)名詞則視為單數(shù)。

Therestofthefoodisforyou.

MaryandBethwillgotothemovieandtherestofthegirlsaretogo

shopping.

(2)單獨(dú)使用therest時(shí)，所指的如為復(fù)數(shù)，則視為復(fù)數(shù)，指不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)

則視為單數(shù)。

OneofthebooksiswritteninChineseandtherestarewritteninEnglish.

45fold“擁抱，(手、臂)交叉，折疊”，其反義詞為unfoldShehelped

hermother(to)foldnapkins.

Hewasstandingwithhisarmsfolded,hefoldedthechildinherarms.

46morethan(1)相當(dāng)于notonly/just不止于，不僅是Sheismorethan

ourteacher；sheisourbestfriend.

(2)相當(dāng)于over超過，多于Therearemorethan50studentsinourclass.

(3)與形容詞或副詞連用時(shí)相當(dāng)于v