美國天然氣能源行業(yè)市場前景及投資研究報告-培訓課件外文版2024.4

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TRENDSNaturalgasenergyintheU.S.CHAPTER

01OverviewDistributionofselectedenergycarriersasashareofnon-renewableenergyproductionworldwidefrom2010to2020Globalproductiondistributionofnon-renewableenergyresources2010-2020PetroleumHardcoalNaturalgasUraniumLignite120%100%80%60%40%20%0%20102011201220132014201520162017201820203Description:In2020,petroleumaccountedfora33.4percentshareofthetotalglobalnon-renewableenergyproduction.Hardcoalmadeupanother31.1percentofnon-renewableenergyproduction.Thesefigureshaveremainedrelativelystableoverthepastdecade.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2010to2020Source(s):BGRProjectedelectricitygenerationworldwidein2022withaforecastto2050,byenergysource(in1,000terawatt-hours)Globaloutlookonelectricitygeneration2022-2050,byenergysourceCoalRenewables(incl.hydroelectric)NaturalgasNuclearLiquidfuels45403530252015105020222025*203020352040204520504Description:Itisprojectedthatelectricitygeneratedworldwidewillincreasebynearly50percentinthecomingthreedecades,toreachsome42thousandterawatt-hoursby2050.Thatyear,renewablesareexpectedtobethelargestsourceofglobalelectricity,accountingforsome50percentofelectricpowerproduced.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;*Forecastfromthisyearonwards.Source(s):EIAInstallednaturalgaspowergenerationcapacityworldwidein2022,withaforecastuntil2050*(ingigawatts)Globalinstallednaturalgasgenerationcapacityoutlook2022-20503,0002,5002,0001,5001,000500020222025203020352040204520505Description:Globalnaturalgasinstalledpowergenerationcapacityisforecastedtoincreasebyjustover30percentbetween2022and2050.Itisestimatedthatthepowergenerationcapacitywillreachabout2.8terawattsby2050.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021;*ProjectionsintheEIAreferencecase,abusiness-as-usualtrendestimate,givenknowntechnologyandtechnologicalanddemographictrends.ReadmoreSource(s):EIACHAPTER

02E&PindustryoverviewProvednaturalgasreservesintheUnitedStatesfrom1991to2020*(intrillioncubicmeters)ProvednaturalgasreservesintheU.S.1991-2020141210812.912.912.611.910.49.89.68.88.78.564205.55.34.74.6199119942001200420112012201320142015201620172018201920207Description:IntheUnitedStates,12.6trillioncubicmetersofprovednaturalgasreserveswerereportedin2020,adecreaseof300billioncubicmetersfromthepreviousyears.In2018and2019,figurespeakedat12.9trillioncubicmeters,morethandoublethatoftheearly1990s,asmorenaturalgasbecomeseconomicallyfeasibletoextract.IncreasingamountsofprovednaturalgasreservesintheUnitedStatescorrespondwithaglobaltrendasproductiontechniquesdevelopandfurtherappraisalsand[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1991to2020;*Accordingtothesource,provedreservesofnaturalgasaregenerallytakentobethosequantitiesthatgeologicalandengineeringinformationindicateswithreasonablecertaintycanberecoveredinthe[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):BPNaturalgasproductionintheUnitedStatesfrom1998to2022(inbillioncubicmeters)NaturalgasproductionintheU.S.1998-20221,2001,00080060040020001998

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20228Description:ProductionofnaturalgasintheUnitedStateshasbeenincreasingforthepastdecadeandpeakedatnearly979billioncubicmetersin2022.AnincreaseinproductioncorrespondedwithrisingdemandfornaturalgasintheUnitedStates,particularlyafterthe2008Recession.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1998to2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGConsumptionofnaturalgasintheUnitedStatesfrom1995to2022(intrillioncubicfeet)NaturalgasconsumptionintheU.S.1995-2022353032.2631.1430.57

30.6530.1527.4427.2427.1526.5926.1625.5424.4824.0925201510523.3323.2823.122.9122.2122.0121.701995

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20229Description:ConsumptionofnaturalgasintheUnitedStatesamountedto32.26trillioncubicfeetin2022.Thiswasarecordhigh,upfrom30.65trillioncubicfeetthepreviousyear.Naturalgasconsumptionincreasedconsistentlyfrom2009to2019,afteroveradecadeoffluctuationfrom1995to2008,beforedecreasingduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1995to2022Source(s):EIAConsumptionofnaturalgasintheUnitedStatesfrom2005to2022,bysector*(inbillioncubicfeet)NaturalgasconsumptionintheU.S.2005-2022,bysectorElectricpowerIndustrial**ResidentialCommercial*Transportation**35,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000020052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202210Description:TheelectricpowersectoraccountedwiththelargestshareofnaturalgasconsumptionintheUnitedStatesin2022,withaconsumptionvolumeof12.1trillioncubicfeet.Closelyfollowing,theindustrialsectorconsumedover10trillioncubicfeetofnaturalgasthatyear.Bycomparison,thetransportationsectorhadthesmallestshareofnaturalgasconsumptionintheU.S.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2005to2022;*Accordingtothesource,thesefiguresincludeallcommercialsectorfueluse,includingthatatcommercialcombined-heat-and-power(CHP)andcommercialelectricity-onlyplants.**Estimate.

Accordingto[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EIACHAPTER

03EnergygenerationNetelectricitygenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2022,byenergysource(interawatt-hours)ElectricitygenerationintheU.S.1990-2022,byfuelNaturalgasRenewablesCoalNuclearelectricpowerPetroleumOthergasesHydroelectricpumpedstorage4,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,0005000-5001990199520002005201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202212Description:IntheUnitedStates,electricityderivedfromcoalhasdecreasedoverthepasttwodecades,withtheannualoutputdecliningbyalmost55percentbetween2010and2022.Incontrast,therehasbeenariseinnaturalgasandrenewablesourceswithintheenergymix.Naturalgashasevensurpassedcoal,tobecometheNorthAmericancountry'sleadingsourceofelectricitygeneration.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2022Source(s):EIAElectricitygenerationfromnaturalgasintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022(interawatthours)NaturalgaspowergenerationintheU.S.2000-20221,8001,6001,4001,2001,00080060040020002000

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202213Description:TheUnitedStatesgeneratedaround1,689terawatthoursofelectricityfromnaturalgasin2022,thehighestproductionvolumeintheperiodofconsideration,withfigureshavingalmosttripledsince2000.NaturalgashasbecometheleadingfuelforelectricitygenerationintheU.S.,havingsurpassedcoalin2015.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2022Source(s):EIALeadingnaturalgasenergyproducingstatesintheUnitedStatesin2022(ingigawatthours)NaturalgasenergyproductionintheU.S.2022,bykeystateNetelectricitygenerationingigawatthours050,000100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000TexasFlorida255,795192,756PennsylvaniaCaliforniaLouisianaOhioAlabamaGeorgiaNewYorkNorthCarolinaMississippiVirginia129,68696,18071,91368,68662,50860,09059,75157,93551,74450,31845,19139,96236,742ArizonaMichiganOklahoma14Description:TexasistheleadingU.S.stateinnaturalgasenergyproduction.In2022,theoilandgasrichstategeneratednearly256terawatthoursofelectricityfromgasturbines.Floridafollowed,with192.7terawatthoursofnaturalgasenergyproduced.TexasisalsotheU.S.statethatconsumesthemostnaturalgasenergy.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):EIANetsummercapacityofutility-scalenaturalgasgeneratorsintheUnitedStatesfrom2009to2022(ingigawatts)NaturalgaspowerplantcapacityintheU.S.2009-202260050040030020010002009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202215Description:ThecapacityofnaturalgaspowerplantsintheUnitedStatesgrewtonearly502.4gigawattsin2022.Thisfigurerepresentsanincreaseofaroundninegigawattscomparedtothepreviousyear.TexasisthelargestnaturalgasenergyproducingstateintheU.S.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2009to2022Source(s):EIANetsummercapacityofnewutility-scalenaturalgasgeneratorsplannedtobeaddedtothepowergridintheUnitedStatesbetween2022and2026(inmegawatts)PlannednaturalgascapacityadditionsfromnewgeneratorsintheU.S.2022-202610,0007,666.38,0006,0004,0002,00005,328.2-450.92026-626.12023-2,000-4,000-6,000-3,92220242022202516Description:Approximately5.1gigawattsworthofcapacityisexpectedby2025throughcurrentlyplannedutility-scalenaturalgasprojectsintheUnitedStates.Thelargestadditionisexpectedtooccurin2022,whennaturalgasgeneratorswithacombinednetsummercapacityofoversevengigawattswillstartoperating.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2021Source(s):EIACHAPTER

04EnergyconsumptionConsumptionofnaturalgasintheUnitedStatesfrom2005to2022,bysector*(inbillioncubicfeet)NaturalgasconsumptionintheU.S.2005-2022,bysectorElectricpowerIndustrial**ResidentialCommercial*Transportation**35,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000020052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202218Description:TheelectricpowersectoraccountedwiththelargestshareofnaturalgasconsumptionintheUnitedStatesin2022,withaconsumptionvolumeof12.1trillioncubicfeet.Closelyfollowing,theindustrialsectorconsumedover10trillioncubicfeetofnaturalgasthatyear.Bycomparison,thetransportationsectorhadthesmallestshareofnaturalgasconsumptionintheU.S.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2005to2022;*Accordingtothesource,thesefiguresincludeallcommercialsectorfueluse,includingthatatcommercialcombined-heat-and-power(CHP)andcommercialelectricity-onlyplants.**Estimate.

Accordingto[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EIALeadingstatesbyprimaryenergyconsumptionfromnaturalgasintheUnitedStatesin2021(intrillionBritishthermalunits)NaturalgasenergyconsumptionintheU.S.2021,bystateConsumptionintrillionBtu05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,0004,736.9TexasCaliforniaLouisianaPennsylvaniaFlorida2,172.81,861.51,867.41,591.21,361.21,293.11,082.5950.1870.1NewYorkOhioIllinoisMichiganIndiana19Description:TexasisthelargestnaturalgasconsumingstateintheU.S.In2021,ithadanannualgasconsumptionof4.7quadrillionBritishthermalunits.Rankingsecond,Californiaexhaustedlessthanhalfthatamount.Louisianaroundedoutthetopthreeofleadinggasconsumingstates.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2021Source(s):EIANaturalgasconsumptionforelectricitygenerationandusefulthermaloutputintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022(inbillioncubicfeet)NaturalgasconsumptionforpowergenerationintheU.S.2000-202216,00014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,00002000

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202220Description:In2022,approximately13.59trillioncubicfeetofnaturalgaswereconsumedforelectricitygenerationandusefulthermaloutputintheUnitedStates.Thiswasthehighestfigureintheperiodofconsideration.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2022Source(s):EIACHAPTER

05Prices&capitalcostsAveragepricesfornaturalgasintheUnitedStatesfrom2008to2022,bysector(inU.S.dollarsper1,000cubicfeet)NaturalgaspricesintheU.S.2008-2022,bysectorResidentialCommercialIndustrialElectricpower161412108642020082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202222Description:Naturalgaspricesarethehighestintheresidentialsector.In2022,U.S.householdspaidanalltimehighaverageof14.8U.S.dollarsper1,000cubicfeet.Commercialnaturalgascostsweresecond-highest,whilepricesintheelectricpowersectorwerethelowest,ataroundfiveU.S.dollarsonaverage.Pricesfortheindustrialandelectricpowercustomerstendtobeclosetothewholesaleelectricityprice.Allsectorssawayear-on-yearincreaseinnaturalgaspricesfor2022duetothedecline[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2008to2022Source(s):EIA;USDepartmentofEnergyCostofcoalandnaturalgasforelectricitygenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom1980to2022(inU.S.dollarspermillionBritishthermalunits)Naturalgasvis-a-viscoalpricesforenergygenerationintheU.S.1980-2022NaturalGas*Coal9.08.07.06.05.04.03.02.01.00.01980

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202223Description:UnitedStates'electricityproducerspaidabout7.22U.S.dollarspermillionBritishthermalunitfornaturalgasin2022.Meanwhile,coalpowerplantoperatorspaidanaverageof2.37U.S.dollars.Inthelastdecade,thepriceofnaturalgasusedforelectricitygenerationhasseenanetdecrease,followedbyaconsiderablerisein2022.Coal,ontheotherhand,hasconsistentlybeenamongthecheapestfueltypesusedinthepowersector.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1980to2022;Includingtaxes;pricesarenotadjustedforinflation.;*Includesasmallamountofsupplementalgaseousfuels.Datauntil2000alsoincludeasmallamountofblastfurnacegasandothergasesderivedfrom[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EIAAverageconstructioncostofnaturalgasgeneratorsinstalledintheUnitedStatesin2021,byplanttype(inU.S.dollarsperkilowatt)U.S.constructioncostsofinstallednaturalgasgenerators2021bytypeCostinU.S.dollarsperkilowatt01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000SteamturbineInternalcombustionengineCombinedcycle5,9531,3231,252Combustionturbine51224Description:CombustionturbinepowerplantsarethecheapestformofnaturalgasgeneratorinstalledintheU.S.In2021,theaverageconstructioncostforthistypeofelectricitygeneratorstoodat512U.S.dollarsperkilowattofcapacity.Meanwhile,internalcombustionengineswereamongthemostexpensiveplanttype,at1,323U.S.dollarsperkilowatt.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2021Source(s):EIAForecastcapitalexpenditureofaconventionalnaturalgascom