高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題及詳細(xì)答案解析12篇

閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一:

Dodogsunderstandus?

Becarefulwhatyousayaroundyourdog.Itmightunderstandmorethanyouthink.

AbordercollienamedRicorecognizesthenamesofabout200objects,say

researchersinGermany.Thedogalsoappearstobeabletolearnnewwordsaseasilyasa

3-year-oldchild.Itsword-learningskillsareasgoodasthoseofaparrotor

chimpanzee（黑猩猩.

Inoneexperiment,theresearcherstookall200itemsthatRicoissupposedtoknow

anddividedtheminto20groupsof10objects.Thentheownertoldthedogtogoand

fetchoneoftheitemsandbringitback.Infourtests,Ricogot37outof40commands

right.Asthedogcouldn'tseeanyonetogetclues,thescientistsbelieveRicomust

understandthemeaningsofcertainwords.

Inanotherexperiment,thescientiststookonetoythatRicohadneverseenbefore

andputitinaroomwithseventoyswhosenamesthedogalreadyknew.Theownerthen

toldRicotofetchtheobject,usingawordthedoghadneverheardbefore.

Thecorrectobjectwaschoseninsevenoutof10tests,suggestingthatthedoghad

worked

outtheanswerbyprocessofelimination（排除法.Amonthlater,Ricoremembered

halfofthenewnames,whichisevenmoreimpressive.

Ricoisthoughttobesmarterthantheaveragedog.Foronething,Ricoisaborder

collie,abreed（品種knownforitsmentalabilities.Inaddition,the9-year-olddoghas

beentrainedtofetchtoysbytheirnamessincetheageofninemonths.

ICshardtoknowifalldogsunderstandatleastsomeofthewordswesay.Evenif

theydo,theycan'ttalkback.Still,itwouldn'thurttosweet-talkyourdogeverynowand

then.Youmightjustgetabig,wetkissinreturn!

60.Fromparagraph2weknowthat—.

A.animalsareascleverashumanbeings

B.dogsaresmarterthanparrotsandchimpanzees

C.chimpanzeeshaveverygoodword-learningskills

D.dogshavesimilarlearningabilitiesas3-year-oldchildren

61.Bothexperimentsshowthat.

A.Ricoissmartenoughtogetallcommandsright

B.Ricocanrecognizedifferentthingsincludingtoys

C.Ricohasdevelopedtheabilityoflearningmathematics

D.Ricowon*tforgetthenamesofobjectsoncerecognizingthem

62.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Thepurposeoftheexperimentsistoshowthebordercollie'smentalabilities.

B.Ricohasabettermemorypartlybecauseofitsproperearlytraining.

C.Thebordercollieisworld-famousforrecognizingobjects.

D.Ricoisbomtounderstanditsowner'scommands.

63.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?

A.Totrainyourdog.

B.Totalktoyourdog.

C.Tobefriendlytoyourdog.

D.Tobecarefulwithyourdog.

4

PaynesPrairie(used

HaveyoueverheardofPaynesPrairie?Itisoneofthemostimportantnaturaland

historicalareasinFlorida.PaynesPrairieislocatednearGainesville.Itislarge,21000

acres.Thisprotectedlandiscalledapreserve.TheFloridaParkService

managethepreserve.

ThePaynesPrairiebasinwasformedwhenlimestonedissolvedandtheground

settled.Itiscoveredbymarsh(沼澤andwetprairievegetation.Thereareareasofopen

water.Duringbriefperiodsithasfloodedenoughtobeconsideredalake.Exceptforthat,

thebasinhaschangedlittlethroughtime.

ManhaslivedonPaynesPrairieaverylongtime.Helivedthereasfarbackas

10000B.C.Atonetime,theSeminoleslivedthere.Theprairieisthoughttohavebeen

namedafterKingPayne,aSeminolechief.Duringthelate1600s,thelargestcattleranch

inFloridawasonPaynesPrairie.Today,PaynesPrairieispreservedland.Itisoccupied

byvisitorsandFloridaParkServiceemployees.

WiliamBartramvisitedPaynesPraire.Bartramwasthefirstpersonwhoportrayed

(describednaturethroughpersonalexperienceaswellasscientificobservation.Helived

200yearsago.HevisitedPaynesPrairiein1774.Atthattimehedescribedit.Hecalled

PaynesPrairiethe"greatAlachuaSavannah."

Mostoftheanimallife,whichBartramdescribed,isstillhere.Alargenumberof

sandhillcranes,hawksandwaterfowlarehereinwinter.Theanimaldiversityis

increasedbythepresenceofpineflatwoods,hammock,swampsandponds.

ThePaynesPrairiePreserveStateParkisopenyearround.TheFloridaParkService

workshardsothattheparkwillappearasitdidinthepast.Itoffersmanyopportunities

forrecreation.Attheparkyoucancampandpicnic.Youcanhikeandbike.Youcanboat

andfish.Youcanrideonhorsetrails.Andyoucanseelotsofnatureandwildlife.You

canseeFloridaasitwasintheearlydays.

PaynesPrairieisapartofourFloridahistory.ItisanexampleofourFloridanatural

resources.Itisaplaceforrecreation.PaynesPrairieisanimportantexperienceofthe

RealFlorida.

64.HowwasthePaynesPrairiebasinformed?

A.BytheSeminoleIndians.

B.BytheFloridaParkService.

C.Fromdissolvedlimestoneandthegroundsettling.

D.Fromlotsoffloodingandwetprairievegetation.

65.Theunderlinedword"diversity"means

A.variety

B.society

C.population

D.area

66.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat—.

A.PaynesPrairiehaschangedlittlethroughtime

B.PaynesPrairieiscoveredbywetprairiegrasses

C.thereusedtobeabigcattlefarmonPaynesPrairie

D.WilliamBartramwasthefirstperson-tovisitPaynesPrairie

67.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.

A.callonpeopletoprotectwidlife

B.attractpeopletothispreservedpark

C.showyoutheformationofPaynesPrairie

D.introducetherecordedhistoryofPaynesPrairie

5

NOTallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbad

experiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicaland

emotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares.

NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelp

peopleforgetbadmemories.

Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.They

hopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase（抹去,theeffectofpainfulmemories.

InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstops

thebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.Sofartheresearchhas

suggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthe

memoriesareerased.

Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,While

otherssupportit.

Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers1troublingmemories

afterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.

"Somememoriescanruinpeople'slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon't

wanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmare.Theyusuallycomewithverypainful

emotions/saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.

"Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering.n

Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatchangingmemoriesisvery

dangerousbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity（特質(zhì).Theyalsohelpusallavoidthe

mistakesofthepast.

"Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivesthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmake

uswhoweare.I'mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,"saidRebeccaDresser,

amedicalethicist.

68.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.anewmedicalinvention

B.anewresearchonthepill

C.awayoferasingpainfulmemories

D.anargumentabouttheresearchonthepill

69.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan.

A.causethebraintofixmemories

B.stoppeoplerememberingbadexperiences

C.preventbodyproducingcertainchemicals

D.Wipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories

70.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepills

B.thepillwillstoppeople'sbadexperiences

C.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople'shealth

D.thepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica

71.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?

A.Somememoriescanruinpeople'slives.

B.Peoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.

C.Experiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.

D.Thepillwillreducepeople'ssufferingsfrombadmemories.

6

What*syourdreamvacation?WatchingwildlifeinKenya?Boatingdownthe

Amazon?SunbathinginMalaysia?Newchancesareopeningupallthetimetoexplore

theworld.Sowevisittravelagents,comparepackagesandprices,andpayourmoney.

Weknowwhatourvacationcostsus.Butdoweknowwhatitmightcostsomeone

else?It'struethatmanypoorercountriesnowdependontourismforforeignincome.

Unfortunately,though,tourismoftenharmsthelocalpeoplemorethanithelpsthem.

Itmightcosttheirhomesandlands.InMyanmar,5,200peoplewereforcedtoleave

theirhomesamongthepagodas（佛塔inBagansothattouristscouldvisitthepagodas.

Tourismmightalsocostthelocalpeopletheirlivelihoodanddignity.Localworkers

oftenfindonlymenial（卑微的jobsinthetouristindustry.Andmostoftheprofitsdonot

helpthelocaleconomy.Instead,profitsreturntothetouroperatorsinwealthiercountries,

WhentheMaasaipeopleinTanzaniaweredrivenfromtheirlands,somemovedtocity

slums.Othersnowmakealittlemoneysellingsouvenirsorposingforphotos.

ProblemslikethesewereObservedmorethat20yearsago.Butnowsomenon-

governmentorganizations,touroperatorsandlocalgovernmentsareworkingtogetherto

begincorrectingthem.Tourists,too,areputtingonthepressure.

Theresultisresponsibletourism,or“ethicaltourism.^^Ethicaltourismhaspeopleat

itsheart.Newinternationalagreementsandcodesofconductcanhelpprotectthepeople's

lands,homes,economiesandcultures.Thebeginningsaresmall,though,andthe

problemsarecomplex.

Buttakeheart.Thegoodnewsisthateveryone,includingus,canplayaparttohelp

thelocalpeopleintheplaces

wevisit.Touroperatorsandcompaniescanhelpbymakingsurethatlocalpeople

workingoodconditionsandearnreasonablewages.

Theycanmakeitapointtouseonlylocallyownedhotel,restaurantsandguide

services.Theycanshareprofitsfairlytohelpthelocaleconomy.Andtheycaninvolve

thelocalpeopleinplanningandmanagingtourism.

Whatcantouristsdo?First,wecanasktourcompaniestoprovideinformationabout

theconditionsoflocalcitizens.Wecanthenmakeourchoicesandtellthemwhy.And

whilewe'reabroad,wecan:

Buylocalfoodsandproducts,notimportedones.

Payafairpriceforgoodsandservicesandnotbargainforthecheapestprice.

Avoidflauntingwealth.

Askbeforetakingphotographsofpeople.

Theyarenotjustpartofthelandscape!

Let*senjoyourvacationandmakesureothersdo,too.

72.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthearticle?

A.TourismCausesBadEffects.

B.TourismCallsforGoodBehavior.

C.VacationsBringaLotofFun.

D.VacationsCostMoreThanYouThink

73.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

A.Localpeoplewerewellpaidtoleavetheirlands.

B.Touristsmaystayinhotelsopenedbylocalpeople.

C.Localpeoplearemainlyprovidedwithlow-payingwork.

D.Touristscouldbargainwithlocalpeopleforareasonableprice.

74.TheunderlinedphraseHtakeheart"means"

A.payattention

B.takecare

C.cheerup

D.calmdown

75.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterthinks.

A.tourismisnotapromisingindustry

B.dreamvacationsshouldbespentabroad

C.theproblemscausedbytourismareeasytosettle

D.touristsshouldrespectlocalcustomsandculture

7

RobertOwenwasbominWalesin1771.Attheageoftenhewenttowork.His

employerhadalargeprivatelibrarysoOwenwasabletoeducatehimself.Hereadalot

inhissparetimeandatnineteenhewasgiventhejobofsuperintendent（監(jiān)工ata

Manchestercottonmill.Hewassosuccessfultherethathepersuadedhisemployertobuy

theNewLanarkmillinScotland.

WhenhearrivedatNewLanarkitwasadirtylittletownwithapopulationof2,000

people.Nobodypaidanyattentiontotheworkers'housesortheirchildren'seducation.

Theconditionsinthefactorieswereverybad.Therewasalotofcrimeandthemenspent

mostoftheirwagesonalcoholicdrinks.

Owenimprovedthehouses.Heencouragedpeopletobecleanandsavemoney.He

openedashopandsoldtheworkerscheap,well-madegoodstohelpthem.Helimitedthe

saleofalcoholicdrinks.Aboveall,hefixedhismindonthechildren'seducation.In1816

heopenedthefirstfreeprimaryschoolinBritain.

PeoplecamefromalloverthecountrytovisitOwen'sfactory.Theysawthatthe

workerswerehealthierandmoreefficientthaninothertowns.Theirchildrenwerebetter

fedandbettereducated.OwentriedthesameexperimentintheUnitedStates.Hebought

somelandtherein1825,butthecommunitywastoofaraway.Hecouldnotkeepitunder

controlandlostmostofhismoney.

Owenneverstoppedfightingforhisidea.Aboveallhebelievedthatpeoplearenot

borngoodorbad.Hewasapracticalmanandhisideaswerepractical."Ifyougive

peoplegoodworkingconditions,"hethought,"theywillworkwelland,themost

importantthingofall,ifyougivethemthechancetolearn,theywillbebetterpeople."

56.ForOwen,hisgreatestachievementinNewLanarkwas.

A.improvingworker'shouses

B.helpingpeopletosavemoney

C.preventingmenfromgettingdrunk

D.providingthechildrenwithagoodeducation

57.FromthepassagewemayinferthatOwenwasborn.

A.intoarichfamily

B.intoanoblefamily

C.intoapoorfamily

D.intoamiddleclassfamily

58.Owen*sexperimentintheUnitedStatesfailedbecause.

A.helostallhismoney

B.hedidnotbuyenoughland

C.peoplewhovisiteditwerenotimpressed

D.itwastoofarawayforhimtoorganizeitproperly

59.WemayinferformthepassagethatnochildreninBritaincouldenjoyfree

educationuntil.

A.1771

B.1816

C.1825

D.1860

8

Doyouwanttoimprovethewayyoustudy?Doyoufeelnervousbeforeatest?

Manystudentssaythatalackofconcentration（注意力istheirbiggestproblem.It

seriouslyaffectstheirabilitytostudy,sodotheirtestresults.

Ifso,usethesetipstohelpyou.

StudyTechniques

?Youshouldalwaysstudyinthesameplace.Youshouldn'tsitinapositionthatyou

usefor

anotherpurpose.Forexample,whenyousitonasofatostudy,yourbrainwillthink

itistimetorelax.Don'twatchTVwhileyouarestudying.Expertswarnthatyour

concentrationmaybereducedby50percentifyouattempttostudyinthisway.Always

trytohaveawhitewallinfrontofyou,sothereisnothingtodistract(makeless

concentratedyou.Beforesittingdowntostudy,gathertogetheralltheequipmentyou

need.Apartfromyourtextbooks,pens,pencilsandknives,makesureyouhavea

dictionary.Ifyourstudydeskortableisneededwhenyouarenotstudying,storeallyour

equipmentinaboxbesideit.

?Youreyeswillbecometiredifyoutrytoreadatextwhichisonaflatsurface.

Positionyour

bookatanangleof3()degrees.

?Berealisticanddon'ttrytocompletetoomuchinonestudyperiod.Finishone

thingbefore

beginninganother.Ifyouneedabreak,getupandwalkaroundforafewminutes,

buttrynottotelephoneafriendorhavesomethingtoeat.

Test-takingSkills

?Allyourhardworkwillbefornothingifyouaretoonervoustotakeyourtest.

Gettingplentyof

restisveryimportant.Thismeansdonotstudyallnightbeforeyourtest!Itisa

betterideatohavealong-termstudyplan.Trytomakeatimetableforyourstudywhich

lastsforafewmonths.

?Exerciseisagreatwaytoreducepressure.Doingsomeformofexerciseeveryday

willalso

improveyourconcentration.Eathealthyfoodtoo.

?Whenyouarriveintheexaminationroom,findyourseatandsitdown.Breathe

slowlyand

deeply.Checkthetimeontheclockduringthetest,butnottoooften.Aboveall,

takenonoticeofeveryoneelseandgivethetestpaperyourundividedattention.

65.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Youshouldstudyinadifferentplaceeveryday,soyoudon'tgetbored.

B.YourconcentrationwillimproveifyoustudyandwatchTVatthesametime.

C.Checkthetimeduringtheexamatacertaintime.

D.Stayingupallnightandstudyingistiring,butyouwilllearnalotusingthis

method.

66.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"referto?

A.Yourstudydeskortable.

B.Yourtextbook.

C.Yourdictionary.

D.Theequipmentyouneed.

67.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Youshouldn'tlookateveryoneelseduringthetest.

B.Youwillhaveenoughenergytodealwithyourstudyandexamsbyeating

healthydiet.

C.You'llconcentratemoreifthereisnothingtodistractyou.

D.Ifyoufeeltiredduringstudy,youcanwalkaroundforafewminutes.

9

OnJune17,1774,theofficialsfromMarylandandVirginiaheldatalkwiththe

IndiansoftheSixNations.TheIndianswereinvitedtosendboystoWilliamandMary

College.Inaletterthenextdaytheyrefusedtheofferasfollows:Weknowthatyouhave

ahighopinionofthekindoflearningtaughtinyourcolleges,andthatthecostsofliving

ofouryoungmen,whilewithyou,wouldbeveryexpensivetoyou.Weareconvinced

thatyoumeantodousgoodbyyourproposal;andwethankyouheartily.Butyoumust

knowthatdifferentnationshavedifferentwaysoflookingatthings,andyouwill

thereforenotbeoffendedifourideasofthiskindofeducationhappennottobethesame

asyours.Wehavehadsomeexperienceofit.Severalofouryoungpeoplewereformerly

broughtupatthecollegeofthenorthernprovinces:theyweretaughtallyoursciences;

butwhentheycamebacktous,theywerebadmanners,ignorantofeverymeansofliving

inthewoods

-theyweretotallygoodfornothing.Weare,however,notthelessobligedbyyour

kindoffer,thoughwerefusetoacceptit;and,toshowourgratefulsenseofit,ifthe

gentlemenofVirginiawillsendusadozenoftheirsons,wewilltakecareoftheir

education,teachthemallweknow,andmakemenofthem.68.Thepassageisabout

.A.thetalkbetweentheIndiansandtheofficialsB.thecollegesofthenorthern

provincesC.theeducationalvaluesoftheIndiansD.theproblemsoftheAmericansin

themid-eighteencentury69.TheIndianchiefspurposeofwritingtheletterseemstobe

to.A.politelyrefuseafriendlyofferB.expresstheiropinionsonequaltreatmentC.

showtheirprideD.describeIndiancustoms70.Accordingtotheletter,theIndians

believedthat.A.itwouldbebetterfortheirboystoreceivesomeschoolingB.they

werebeinginsultedbytheofferC.theyknewmoreaboutsciencethantheofficialsD.

theyhadbetterwayofeducatingyoungmen71.Differentfromtheofficials'viewof

education,theIndiansthought.A.youngwomenshouldalsobeeducatedB.they

haddifferentgoalsofeducationC.theytaughtdifferentbranchesofscienceD.they

shouldteachthesonsoftheofficialsfirst10Nevergointoasupermarkethungry!Thisis

agoodpieceofadvice.Ifyougoshoppingforfoodbeforelunchtime,you'Hprobably

buymorethanyouplanto.Unfortunately,however,justthisadviceisn'tenoughfor

consumersthesedays.Modernshoppersneedaneducationinhowandhownottobuy

thingsatthestore.First,youchecktheweeklynewspaperads.Findouttheitemsthatare

onsaleanddecideifyoureallyneedthesethings.Inotherwords,don'tbuyanythingjust

becauseit'scheaperthanusual!"NewandImproved!”or"AllNatural“onthefrontofa

packageinfluenceyou.Instead,readthelistofingredients(contentsontheback.Third,

compareprices:thatis,youshouldexaminethepricesofbothdifferentbrandsand

differentsizesofthesamebrand.Anothersuggestionforconsumersistobuyordinary

itemsinsteadoffamousbrands.Ordinaryitemsinsupermarketscomeinplainpackages.

Theseproductsarecheaperbecauseproducersdon'tspendmuchmoneyonpackingor

advertising.Thequality,however,isusuallyasgoodasthequalityofwell-knownname

brands.Inthesameway,inbuyingclothes,youcanoftenfindhighqualityandlow

pricesinbrandsthatarenotfamous.Shoppingindiscountclothingstorescanhelpyou

savealotofmoney.Althoughthesestoresaren'tveryattractive,andtheyusuallydonot

haveindividualdressingrooms,notonlyarethepriceslow,butyoucanoftenfindthe

samefamousbrandsthatyoufindinhigh-priceddepartmentstores.Wiseconsumersread

magazineadsandwatchTVcommercials,buttheydothiswithoneadvantage:

knowledgeofthepsychologybehindtheads.Inotherwords,well-informedconsumers

watchforinformationandcheckformisinformation.Theyaskthemselvesquestions:Is

theadvertiserhidingsomethinginsmallprintatthebottomofthepage?Isthereanyreal

informationinthecommercial,oristheadvertisersimplyshowinganattractiveimage?

Withtheanswerstothesequestions,consumerscanmakeawisechoice.72.Allthe

followingstatementsaretrueaboutthephrase"ordinaryitems"inParagraph2except

.A.ordinaryitemsneversay"NewandImproved^^or“AllNatural"B.ordinary

productsareusuallycheaperthanfamousbrandsC.producersspendlessmoneyon

packagingofordinaryitemsD.thequalityofordinaryitemsisusuallyasgoodasthatof

famousbrands73.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutads?A.Theyarebelievable.B.They

areattractive.C.Theyarefullofmisinformation.D.Theyarehelpfultoconsumers.74.

Oneoftheauthor9ssuggestionstoconsumersis.

A.tomakeuseofadsB.nottobuyitemswithwordslike“NewandImproved^^or

“AllNatural"C.tobuyhighqualityitemssuchasfamousbrandsafterlunchD.tobuy

anyordinaryitemsinsteadoffamousbrands75.Theauthorimpliesthat.A.going

intothesupermarkethungry,youmaybuymorethanyouplantoB.thequalityof

ordinaryitemsisusuallyhighandthepricesarerelativelylowC.discountclothingstores

aregoodplacestogotoD.adssometimesdon'ttellthetruth11Languagelearning

beginswithlistening.Childrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountoflisteningtheydo

beforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill

"obey"spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughtheword"obey"is

hardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownby

thechild.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygestureandby

makingquestioningnoises.Anyattempttostudythedevelopmentfromthenoisesbabies

maketotheirfirstspokenwordsleadstoconsiderabledifficulties.Itisagreedthatthey

enjoymakingnoises,andthatduringthefirstfewmonthsoneortwonoisessort

themselvesasparticularlyexpressiveasdelight,pain,friendliness,andsoon.Butsince

thesecan'tbesaidtoshowthebaby'sintentiontocommunicate,theycanhardlybe

regardedasearlyformsoflanguage.Itisagreed,too,thatfromaboutthreemonthsthey

playwithsoundsfbrenjoyment,andthatbysixmonthstheyareabletoaddnewwordsto

theirstore.Thisself-imitation（模仿）leadsontodeliberate（有意的）imitationof

soundsmadeorwordsspokentothembyotherpeople.Theproblemthenarisesastothe

pointatwhichonecansaythattheseimitationscanbeconsideredasspeech.Itisa

problemweneedtogetoutteethinto.Themeaningofaworddependsonwhata

particularpersonmeansbyitinaparticularsituationanditisclearthatwhatachild

meansbyawordwillchangeashegainsmoreexperienceoftheworld.Thustheuseat

sevenmonthsof"mama"asagreetingforhismothercannotbedismissedasa

meaninglesssoundsimplybecausehealsousesitatothertimesforhisfather,hisdog,or

anythingelsehelikes.Playfulandmeaninglessimitationofwhatotherpeoplesay

continuesafterthechildhasbeguntospeakforhimself,Idoubt,howeverwhether

anythingisgainedwhenparentstakeadvantageofthisabilityinanattempttoteachnew

sounds.51.Beforechildrenstartspeaking.A.theyneedequalamountof

listeningB.theyneeddifferentamountsoflisteningC.theyarealleagertocooperate

withtheadultsbyobeyingspokeninstructionsD.theycan'tunderstandandobeythe

adulfsoralinstructions52.Childrenwhostartspeakinglate.A.mayhave

problemswiththeirlisteningB.probablydonothearenoughlanguagespokenaround

themC.usuallypaycloseattentiontowhattheyhearD.oftentakealongtimeinlearning

tolistenproperly53.Ababy9sfirstnoisesare.A.anexpressionofhismoods

andfeelingsB.anearlyformoflanguageC.asignthathemeanstotellyousomethingD.

animitationofthespeechofadults54.Theproblemofdecidingatwhatpointababy's

imitationscanbeconsideredasspeech.A.isimportantbecausewordshave

differentmeaningsfordifferentpeopleB.isn