外研版高中英語選擇性必修第四冊Unit3 Section Ⅰ Understanding ideas講義

核心單詞gateway,statue,peak,strengthen,coverage,scholar,department,institute,temple,tune,historian,prior,genius,kingdom,enormous重點短語indetail,datefrom,sealup,bring...tolife,tonamejustafew,fadefrom,giveanaccountof,priorto,beexposedto，bedeterminedtodo...，keepacloseeyeon,onthewhole,strikeachord重點句型1.with復合結構2.thefirsttime引導時間狀語從句3.無生命名詞作主語單元語法復習狀語從句話題任務寫一篇推薦文化圣地的文章SectionⅠUnderstandingideas1．the________toEurope通向歐洲的門戶2．a(chǎn)bronze________一尊銅塑像3．reacha________達到一個頂峰1．strengthn．力氣；體力→________v．加強2．coverv．覆蓋n．覆蓋物；封面→________n．覆蓋范圍1．____________詳細地2．____________起源于，追溯到3．____________封閉，密封4．____________使復活，使蘇醒5．____________僅舉幾例6．____________從……中淡出[句型公式]with復合結構TheApsarasaredepictedsailinginthebrightbluesky，_________________，asiftheyareabouttoflydowntomeetus.飛天在蔚藍的天空中飛行，他們披巾飄飄，好像要飛下來迎接我們。①gatewayn．通向……的門戶②toandfrom往返；來回③oasisn．(沙漠中的)綠洲④gloriousadj.輝煌的⑤representv．體現(xiàn)；代表⑥culturalandcommercialexchange文化和商業(yè)交流⑦boastv．(地方、機構等)自豪地擁有(好的事物)⑧UNESCO聯(lián)合國教科文組織⑨becarvedoutof由……雕刻而成⑩testimonyn．證據(jù)；證明betestimonyto……的證據(jù)/證明?statuen．雕像；塑像?elementn．元素?muraln．壁畫?astonishingadj.令人十分驚訝的，使人大為驚奇的?coveranareaof占地……?religiousadj.宗教的?varyfrom...to...從……到……不同?uniqueadj.獨特的，特有的?FlyingImmortals飛仙?depictv．描繪；描畫?musicalinstrument樂器?peakn．高峰，頂點?extraordinaryadj.意想不到的；不平常的?Taoistpriest道士?sealedcave封閉的洞穴?scrolln．紙卷，卷軸?thrown．投擲的距離；拋，扔?datefrom追溯到?ceramicsn．陶瓷制品?sealup封閉；密封?fadefrom從……中(逐漸)消失?bring...tolife使……復蘇?crossroadsn．活動中心，匯集地?giventhat考慮到，鑒于?strengthenv．加強WELCOMETODUNHUANG!WelcometoDunhuang![1]OntheoldSilkRoad,thiscitywasthegateway①toandfrom②AncientChina,aplacewhereEastmetWest,andagreenislandinthemiddleofthedesert.Youcanonlyimaginehowtravellersfeltwhentheysawtheoasis③ofDunhuangaheadofthem.[1]本句為復合句，thegatewaytoandfromAncientChina和aplacewhereEastmetWest以及agreenislandinthemiddleofthedesert為并列表語；aplacewhereEastmetWest中又包含where引導的定語從句。Dunhuang'slongandglorious④historyrepresents⑤itssignificanceasacentreofculturalandcommercialexchange⑥.Today,Dunhuangisaworld-classtouristdestinationboasting⑦siteswithUNESCO⑧-protectedheritagestatus.Now,wearegoingtoentersomeofthecity'sfamouscaves,ofwhichtherearemorethan700.[2]KnownastheMogaoGrottoes,theseancientcaveswerecarvedoutof⑨t(yī)herockoveraperiodof1，000years.Ifyoulookup,youcanseethepaintingsandotherartworksthataretestimony⑩tohowtheSilkRoadbroughtEastandWesttogether.Lookatthesestatues?！Youcanseeelements?fromAncientGreece,IndiaandIran.Nowlookaroundthewallsofthecave.Comealittlebitclosersothatyoucangetabetterview.Lookatthem!Themurals?coveranastonishing?areaof?45，000squaremetres.[2]本句為簡單句，knownastheMogaoGrottoes為過去分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語為theseancientcaves。ThesubjectsoftheDunhuangmuralsvaryfromreligious?storiesto?scenesofeverydaylife.Butonetypeofmuralthatisunique?toDunhuangshowstheApsaras,or“FlyingImmortals?”．Representationsoftheseheavenlymusicians,singersanddancersdecoratethewallsofmanycaves.Takealookatthismural.[3]TheApsarasaredepicted?sailinginthebrightbluesky,withtheirscarvesflying,asiftheyareabouttoflydowntomeetus.Andhereisanotherone.Moveoverherewhereyoucanseeitinmoredetail.TheApsarasareholdinglotuses,playingmusicalinstruments?，dancingandthrowingflowers.ThepaintingofApsarasreachedapeak?duringtheTangDynasty；theseimagesarefulloflife,reflectingtheconfidenceandoptimismofpeoplefromthattime.[3]本句為復合句，withtheirscarvesflying為with復合結構作狀語，asif引導方式狀語從句。Now,somethingreallyextraordinary?happenedin1900,whenaTaoistpriest?madeoneofthemostimportantfindsofthe20thcentury.Inasealedcave?，nowknownasthefamousLibraryCave,werehiddenthousandsofmanuscripts,paintingsandscrolls?，aswellassilkembroideries.We'llhaveachancetoseesomeofthemshortly—theLibraryCaveisonlyastone'sthrow?fromhere.Datingfrom?405ADto1002AD,thesehiddentreasuresgiveusapictureofDunhuangwhenitwasattheverycentreoftheSilkRoadtrade.Thankstothisancientlibrary,wenowknowthatgoodsarrivedinDunhuangfromasfarawayasNorth-eastEurope,andthatgoodswerealsoexportedfromDunhuangacrossAsiaandEurope.ThescrollsaresodetailedthattheydescribethevastrangeofgoodsthatwereimportedandexportedfromDunhuang,suchasceramics?，medicine,perfumesandfruit,tonamejustafew.Thescrollsalsorevealhowmanydifferentcommunitieslivedside-by-sidewithinthisgreatcity.However,thereasonwhytheLibraryCavewassealedup?allthoseyearsagoremainsamystery.IntheMingDynasty,traderouteschangedandDunhuangwasnotasprosperousasitusedtobe.[4]Gradually,itfadedfrom?memory,eventhoughitwasoncesuchagreatcity.[4]本句為復合句，eventhough引導讓步狀語從句。ThiscenturyisbringingtheSilkRoadtolife?oncemorethroughtheBeltandRoadInitiative.Dunhuanghasonceagainbecomeaglobalcrossroads?sinceithostedhundredsofrepresentativesfrom51countriesfortheSilkRoadInternationalCulturalExpoin2017.Giventhat?thethemeoftheExpowastopromoteculturalexchangeandstrengthen?mutualcooperationbetweenthecountriesalongtheSilkRoad,Dunhuangwastheidealplace.Nowlet'smoveontothenextcave...歡迎來到敦煌！歡迎來到敦煌！這座城市坐落在古絲綢之路上，曾經(jīng)是古代中國的門戶、東西方交匯的地方，也是沙海中央的綠島。你可以想象，當旅行者們看到敦煌綠洲就在眼前時，他們的感受將會是怎樣的。敦煌悠久而輝煌的歷史展現(xiàn)了它作為文化和商業(yè)交流中心的重要性。如今，敦煌是世界級旅游勝地，擁有受聯(lián)合國教科文組織保護的文化遺產(chǎn)。敦煌有七百多個洞窟，現(xiàn)在我們將要參觀其中幾個著名的洞窟。這些古老的洞窟被稱為莫高窟，是一千多年前在巖石上雕刻而成的。你抬起頭就可以看見壁畫和其他藝術品，它們見證了絲綢之路是如何將東西方連接在一起的?？纯催@些塑像！你可以從中發(fā)現(xiàn)古希臘、古印度和古伊朗的元素。現(xiàn)在我們來看看洞窟四周的墻壁，請靠近一點，這樣你就可以看得更清楚?？纯催@些壁畫！它們的面積有45000平方米，非常驚人。敦煌壁畫的主題多種多樣，從宗教故事到日常生活，場景各不相同。但是，有一種壁畫是敦煌獨有的，畫的是飛天，也就是“飛仙”。很多洞窟的墻壁上都畫著樂師、歌者和舞者。我們看這幅壁畫，上面畫的是飛天在蔚藍的天空中飛行，他們披巾飄飄，好像要飛下來迎接我們。再看這幅，請走到這里，你可以看到更多細節(jié)。你可以看到飛天手捧蓮花、演奏樂器、跳舞、拋花。飛天壁畫在唐朝達到了頂峰；這些圖案栩栩如生，反映了當時人們的自信、樂觀。1900年發(fā)生了一件非同尋常的事，一位道士的發(fā)現(xiàn)成了二十世紀最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。在一個封閉的洞窟，也就是現(xiàn)在著名的藏經(jīng)洞中，藏了成千上萬的手稿、繪畫、卷軸以及絲綢刺繡。藏經(jīng)洞離這里很近，我們很快將有機會觀看其中的一些展品。這些隱藏的寶藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年間，為我們展現(xiàn)了敦煌作為絲綢之路貿(mào)易中心時的畫面。多虧這個古老的圖書館，我們才得以了解當時的情況：貨物從遙遠的歐洲東北部抵達敦煌，也從敦煌出口到亞洲和歐洲各地。這些卷軸內(nèi)容非常詳細，描述了敦煌進出口的各種商品，例如陶瓷、藥品、香料和水果。這些卷軸還展示了許多不同的群體是如何共同生活在這座名城中的。然而，藏經(jīng)洞為什么在多年以前被密封起來？這至今仍是個謎。明代，貿(mào)易路線發(fā)生了變化，敦煌也不像以前那樣繁華。盡管敦煌曾經(jīng)是一個如此繁華的大城市，但它還是漸漸淡出了人們的記憶。21世紀，“一帶一路”倡議為絲綢之路帶來新生。2017年，51個國家的數(shù)百名代表齊聚此地，參加絲綢之路國際文化博覽會，敦煌再次成為世界的活動中心。博覽會的主題是促進文化交流，加強絲綢之路沿線國家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的會址?，F(xiàn)在讓我們?nèi)⒂^下一個洞窟……1．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．TheBeltandRoadInitiative.B．ThesocialstatusofDunhuanginancientandmodernhistory.C．HowthefamousLibraryCavewasfound.D．TheimportanceoftheoldSilkRoad.2．Readthetextquicklyandfillintheblanks.Readthetextcarefullyandthenchoosethebestanswer.1．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Sciencereports.B．Tourismguidance.C．Sportsreports.D．Familylifesection.2．Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．Dunhuanghasover700yearsold.B．Dunhuanghasalwaysbeenaworld-classtouristdestination.C．TheancientcavesoftheMogaoGrottoeshaveexistedfor1，000years.D．Thestatuesinthecavescontainmanyelements.3．WhenwasthepaintingofApsarasthehighestlevel?A．TheTangDynasty.B．TheMingDynasty.C．Inthe1900s.D．Since2017.4．WhywasDunhuanglessprosperousthanbefore?A．Becausethetraderouteschanged.B．Becauseitbecamedesertsgradually.C．BecauseEuropeandAsiahadnotrade.D．Becausepeoplewerenolongerinterestedinit.細讀課文并找出景色描寫的句子1.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1．indetail詳細地；全面地描述或解釋(1)forfurtherdetails 欲知更詳細的情況go/enterintodetail(s) 詳述(2)detailedadj. 詳細的[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①IfyouareinterestedintheExpo,pleasekeepintouch________furtherdetails.②Hegavea________(detail)accountofhispossessionsstolenonthefatefulnight.③在之后的幾節(jié)中，我們將詳細討論這些短語。Wewilldiscussthesephrases____________inthefollowingsections.2．datefrom追溯到；始于datebackto 追溯到，始于setadatefor... 確定……的日期uptodate 最新式的；現(xiàn)代的beuptodatewith 跟上；與時俱進outofdate 過時的；過期的[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Thefactisthatyourpassporthasbeen________ofdate,soyoucan'tuseit.②Everyoneshouldkeepongettinghimselfeducatedsoastobeup________datewithmoderntechnology.③這些畫始于七世紀中葉，價值連城。________________________，thepaintingsareofgreatvalue.[溫馨提示]datefrom和datebackto這兩個短語，通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時，沒有進行時態(tài)，也沒有被動形式。另外，它們常用動詞-ing形式作狀語或后置定語。3．tonamejustafew僅舉幾例nameafter 以……命名byname 憑名字；用……的名字bythenameof 名叫……的inthenameof 以……的名義；憑……的權威[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Someplaceswerenamed________thereligiousactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces.②Igottoknowagirl，Mary________nameattheparty.③他們還將遠遠落后于比如冰島、瑞典和新西蘭這些國家。Theywillbewellbehind—____________________________________—Iceland,SwedenandNewZealand.4．bringsth.(back)tolife使某物生動；使某物恢復生機comebacktolife 蘇醒過來cometolife 活躍起來lead/livea...life 過著……的生活loseone'slife 喪命[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Ilovetowatcheverythingcome________lifeagaininspring.②TheoperationshouldenableBobbytolead________normallife.③Hundredsofpeoplelosttheir________(life)onthefirstdayofthefighting.④有才華的老師真的可以把文學教得生動有趣。Agiftedteachercanreally______________forhisorherstudents.5．peakn．高峰，頂點v．(使)達到高峰，達到最高值peakseason 旺季peakhours 高峰期atthepeakof 在……的巔峰[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Wesawavictorybyanathlete_________thepeakofherfitnessandcareer.②Officialfiguresshowthatunemployment________(peak)lastNovember.③在旺季旅館價格會上漲。Hotelpricesrise________________．6．strengthenv．加強；變強(1)strengthn. 體力，力氣；優(yōu)勢，優(yōu)點；長處buildupone'sstrength 增強體力(2)strongadj. 強壯的；強大的；強烈的stronglyadv. 強烈地；堅固地；強有力地[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Asagoodteacher,youshouldknowyourstudents'________(strength)andweaknesses.②To________(strength)ourfriendship,we'dbetterkeepintouchwitheachother.③我們知道，體育鍛煉有助于增強體力。Weknowthatphysicalexercisehelps________________．重點句式with復合結構(教材P35)TheApsarasaredepictedsailinginthebrightbluesky,withtheirscarvesflying,asiftheyareabouttoflydowntomeetus.飛天在蔚藍的天空中飛行，他們披巾飄飄，好像要飛下來迎接我們。[句式分析]句中的“withtheirscarvesflying”為with復合結構作伴隨狀語。Shelefttheroomwithallthelightson.她離開房間，所有的燈都亮著。with復合結構在句中通常作定語或狀語，作狀語時表示條件、原因、方式和伴隨等。with＋名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副/介詞短語[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Withprices________(go)up,wecan'taffordahouse.②Witheverythingsheneeded________(buy),shewenthomehappily.③Withalotofhomework________(do),herefusedtheinvitation.④他習慣開著窗戶睡覺。Heisusedtosleeping________________．Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Usually,trafficreachesits________(頂點)between8：00and9：00inthemorning.2．Hainanisexpectedtobethecountry'smajor________(通向……的門戶)totherestoftheworld,especiallySouth-EastAsia.3．Historyhasledustoanew_________(十字路口),withnewpromiseandnewdanger.4．Themoveisclearlyintendedto________(加強)thePresident'spositionasheadofstate.5．Ihadhadenoughofartgalleries,fountains,________(雕像)，andpalaces!6．ThemostattractivepointofGPSisits100%________(覆蓋范圍)ontheplanet.Ⅱ.選詞填空datefrom,tonamejustafew,fadefrom,sealup,atacrossroads1．You'dbettercheckthelettercarefullybeforeitis________．2．Youmustunderstandthatweare________．3．Itisalaw____________the17thcentury.4．WeactivelypromoteEnglishlearning,butwealsopromoteotherlanguages,suchasArabic,Spanish,Mandarin,Hindi,andUrdu,________________．5．Mychildhoodhomewillnever__________mymemory.Ⅲ.完成句子1．鑒于他一直表現(xiàn)很好，老師并沒有因為這個錯誤責備他。(giventhat引導原因狀語從句)________________________，theteacherdidn'tblamehimforthemistake.2．約翰打開門。一個他以前從來沒有見過的女孩站在那里。Johnopenedthedoor.There____________hehadneverseenbefore.3．大約兩小時后，我們提著裝滿東西的籃子，帶