英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況-習(xí)題集(含答案)解析

第1頁(yè)共18頁(yè)《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況》課程習(xí)題集西南科技大學(xué)成人、網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育學(xué)院版權(quán)所有習(xí)題【說(shuō)明】：本課程《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況》（編號(hào)為12010）共有單選題,名詞解釋題,簡(jiǎn)答題,填空題2等多種試題類型，其中，本習(xí)題集中有[簡(jiǎn)答題]等試題類型未進(jìn)入。一、單選題1.Celtsweredifferentgroupsofancientpeoplewhocameoriginallyfrom________A.FranceB.DenmarkC.IrelandD.Germany2.WhoinvadedandconqueredBritainforthefirsttimein55BC?A.EmperorClaudiusB.JuliusCaesarC.KingAlfredD.KingEthelred3.WhoistheauthorofMurderintheCathedral?A.ChristopherMarloweB.T.S.EliotC.BenJohnsonD.ThomasBecket4.WhenOliverCromwelldiedin1658,andwassucceededbyhisson,______,theregimebeganimmediatelytocollapse.A.HenryB.HamiltonC.RichardD.Charles5.The18thcenturysawselectivebreedingofcattle,sheepandhousesby_________.A.JethroTullB.ThomasCokeC.GeorgeIIID.RobertBakewell6.WhichofthefollowingisnotoneofthemembersoftheLordsTemporal?A.allhereditarypeersandpeeressesoftheEngland,Scotland,GreatBritainandtheUnitedKingdom(butnotpeersofIreland)B.lirepeerscreatedtoassisttheHouseinitsjudicialdutiesC.seniorbishopsoftheChurchofEnglandD.allotherlifepeers7.TwoyearsaftertheendingoftheHundredYears’WarwithFrance,Englandwasthrownintoanotherseriesofcivilwars,________.A.theWaroftheCeltsB.NormanConquestC.theWaroftheRosesD.BattleofHastings8.AppealsincriminalcasesinEnglandandWalesmayNOTbeheardby_________.A.theMagistrates'CourtB.theCourtofAppealC.theHighCourtD.theCrownCourt9.EstablishedChurchesinBritainare___________.A.ChurchofEnglandandChurchesinWalesB.ChurchinWalesChurchofScotlandC.TheAnglicanChurchesD.ChurchofEnglandandChurchofScotland10.ApartfromabreakduringtheSecondWorldWar,theBBChasbeenprovidingregulartelevisionbroadcastssince___________.A.1935B.1936C.193711.ThelargestriverinIrelandis____________.A.theShannonRiverC.Macgillicuddy'sReekD.Carrantuohill12.ThefollowingfarmingactivitiesareengagedbyfarmersinthevalleysofNovaScotiaexcept__________.A.dairyingB.raisinganimalsC.applegrowingD.potatogrowing13.ThePacificnorthwestisfavoredwitha_______climatelikethatofBritain.A.MediterraneanB.maritimeC.continentalD.subtropical14.ThefirstblackswerebroughttoNorthAmericaas________in1619.A.adventurersB.slavesC.servantsD.explorers15.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasadoptedbythe___ContinentalCongressonJuly4,___.AFirst/1774B.First/1776C.Second/177416.TheGreatDepressionwasinducedbyallthefollowingcausesbut________.A.stockmarketspeculationB.creditover-expansionC.governmentinvolvementD.lackofcontroloverthebankingsystem17.TheNormanConquestof_______isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.A.1063B.1064C.106518.______ranksthefirstintheproductionofapplesintheUS.A.WashingtonB.KansasC.MichiganD.Wisconsin19.TheheadsofthevariousexecutivedepartmentsformacouncilofadvisersgenerallyknownasthePresident's__________.A.AdvisoryGroupB.ExecutiveOfficeC.SpecialCommissionD.Cabinet20.Themaster'sdegreecannormallybeearnedin______yearbystudentsholdingabachelor'sdegreeinthefieldofstudy.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four21.Thereare______politicaldivisionsontheislandofA.oneB.twoC.threeD.four22.MagnaCartahadaltogether63clausesofwhichthemostimportantmatterscouldbeseeninthreeofthefollowingexcept_______.A.notaxshouldbemadewithouttheapprovaloftheGrandCouncil;B.noserfshouldbearrested,imprisonedordeprivedofhispropertyexceptbythelawofthelandC.LondonandothertownsshouldretaintheirancientrightsandprivilegesD.Thereshouldbethesameweightsandmeasuresthrough-outthecountry.23.ThefirststeamenginewasdevisedbyThomasNewcomerattheendofthe17thcentury,andtheScottishinventor________modifiedandimprovedthedesignin1765.A.AbrahamDarbyB.JamesWattC.JohnKayD.RichardArkwright24.Insomeareasfactoryfarmingmethodsareused,particularlyfor________.A.growingcropB.producingmilkC.catchingfishD.rearingpoultry25.Bytradition,theleaderofthemajoritypartyisappointed______bytheSovereignintheUnitedKingdom.A.PrimeMinisterB.MemberofParliamentC.LordofAppealD.SpeakeroftheHouse26.UndertheAnglo-IrishTreaty,Britainestablished_______withdominionstatusinIrelandin1921.A.theAnglicanChurchofIrelandB.theIrishFreeStateC.theIrishRepublicanArmyD.theAnglo-IrishIntergovernmentalCouncil27.Irishbroadcastingbeganin______inasmallstudiocalledDublinBroadcastingStation.A.1906B.1916C.192628._______realizedthathecouldwinsupportfortheUnionathomeandabroadbymakingthewarajustwaragainstslavery.A.FrederickDouglassB.GeorgeWashingtonC.JohnAdamsD.AbrahamLincoln29.Butevenaftertheabolitionofslavery,organizedorindividualdiscriminationwaspracticedagainst______.A.Chinese-AmericansB.AmericanIndiansC.Japanese-AmericansD.blackAmericans30.From1948to1966averageyearlygrowthinrealspendableearningswas______percentintheUnitedStates.A.1.1B.2.1C.3.131.Afteraperiodofprosperity(1920~1929),governmentinvolvementintheeconomyincreased_________.A.duringtheGreatDepressionB.aftertheWWIC.aftertheWWIID.duringtheColdWar32.TheUnitedStatesgrowsnearly_____oftheworld'sgrainandsuppliesahalfofalltheexportsofgrainintheworld.A.onethirdB.onefourthC.onesixthD.oneseventh33.ThroughtheDepartmentof_____,thePresidentisresponsiblefortheprotectionofAmericansabroadandofforeignnationalsintheUnitedStates.A.StateB.JusticeC.LaborD.Defense34.Thecommunitycollegeembodies________beliefthataneducationshouldbepracticalaswellasliberal.A.GeorgeWashington'sB.ThomasJefferson'sC.AbrahamLincoln'sD.FranklinRoosevelt's35.Theexploratoryvoyagemadeby______broughttoaclosetoaneraofEuropeandiscoveryofAustraliathathadlastednearlytwohundredyears.A.ArthurPhilipB.MathewFlindersC.PortJacksonD.PeterLalor36.AftertheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWar,AustraliafollowedBritain'sleadanddeclaredwaron________.A.JapanB.TurkeyC.ItalyD.Germany37.TheEuropeandiscoveryofCanadacanbetracedbacktotheendofthe______century.A.14thB.15thC.16thD.17th38.Northernprovincesandterritoriestaleup_____ofCanada.A.halfB.twothirdsC.onethirdD.fourfifths39.InNewZealand,hydroelectricityfromriversanddamssupplies________oftotalenergy.A.15%B.16%C.17%D.18%40.IntheUnitedStates,Halloweenisnight-time______holiday.A.children'sB.men'sC.women'sD.oldmen's41.Soonafter_____,Britainnotonlygaveupitseconomichegemonybutalsosufferedadeeplossofitspositionofindustrialleadership.

A.1900

B.theFirstWorldWar

C.theSecondWorldWar

D.196042.Inthe1970samongthedevelopedcountries,Britainmaintainedthelowest_____rateandthehighest_____rate.A.inflation,growth

B.growth,inflationC.growth,divorce

D.growth,birth43.ThefollowingareallreasonsofBritishdeclineofcoalindustryexcept_____.A.theexhaustionofoldmines

B.costlyextractionC.littlemoneybeinginvested

D.thelabourshortage44.Britain’sforeigntradeismainlywith_____.A.developingcountries

B.otherCommonwealthcountriesC.otherdevelopedcountries

D.EC45.TheHouseofLordsispresidedoverby_____.A.theLordChancellor

B.theQueenC.theArchbishopofCanterbury

D.thePrimeMinister46.AGeneralElectionisheldevery__yearsandthereare___membersofParliamentsareelected.

A.five,600

B.five,650C.five,651

47.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby_____andheorshealwayssitsin_____.A.

theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofCommonsB.

theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofLordsC.theQueen,theHouseofCommonsD.theQueen,theHouseofLords48.Theultimateauthorityforlaw-makingresidesin_____.A.theQueen

B.theCabinetC.theHouseofLords

D.theHouseofCommons49.ThesourcesofBritishlawinclude_____.A.

statutes,commonlaw,equitylawandEuropeanCommunitylawB.

statutes,commonlawandequitylawC.

statutes,commonlawandEuropeanCommunitylawD.

acompletecodeandstatutes50.Incriminaltrialsbyjury,_____passessentencedand_____decidetheissueofguiltorinnocence.A.

thejudge,thejury

B.thejudge,thejudgeC.thejury,thejury

D.theLordChancellor,thejury51.____triesthemostseriousoffencessuchasmurderandrobbery.A.Magistrates’courts

B.YouthcourtsC.districtcourts

D.TheCrownCourt52.London’sMetropolitanPoliceForceisunderthecontrolof_____.A.theEnglandsecretaries

B.theScottishSecretariesC.NorthernIrelandSecretaries

D.theHomeSecretary53.TheNationalHealthServicewasestablishedintheUKin_____andbasedatfirston_____.A.1948,ActsofParliament

B.1958,ActsofParliamentC.1948,theBillofRights

D.1958,theBillofRights54.Thenon-contributorysocialsecuritybenefitsincludethefollowingexcept_____.A.warpension

B.childbenefitC.familycredit

D.unemploymentbenefit55.Exceptthat_____maynotbeaRomanCatholic,publicofficesareopenwithoutdistinctiontomembersofallchurchesorofnone.A.thelordChancellor

B.thePrimeMinisterC.theSpeaker

D.theministersofalldepartments56.About90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationintheUKattend_____.A.independentschools

B.juniorschoolsC.independentschools

D.primaryschools57.Therearesome____universities,includingtheOpenUniversityinU.k..A.900

B.290

C.90

D.5058.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16can_____bylaw.A.

receivecompletelyfreeeducationB.

receiveparlyfreeeducationC.

receivenofreeeducationiftheirfamiliesarerichD.

receivenofreeeducationatall59.Withregardtoitssize,theUSAisthe_____countryintheworld.A.largest

B.secondlargest

C.thirdlargest

D.fourthlargest60.Inthefollowingrivers,_____hasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr.A.theMississippi

B.theMissouriC.theHudson

D.theOhio61.Amongthefollowingrivers,_____formsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheU.S.A.thePotomac

B.theColumbiaC.theRioGrandeRiver

D.theColorado62.AllthefollowinguniversitiesandcollegesarelocatedinNewEngland,except_____.A.Yale

B.HarvardC.Oxford

D.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology63.Thenation’scapitalcityWashingtonD.C.andNewYorkarelocatedin_____.A.theAmericanWest

B.theGreatPlainsC.theMidwest

D.theMiddleAtlanticStates64.TheMidwestinAmerica’smostimportant_____area.A.agricultural

B.industrialC.manufacturing

D.miningindustry65.InthecaseofBrownversusBoardofEducation,theSupremeCourtruledthat_____.A.

separateeducationalfacilitieshadbeenillegalB.

educationalfacilitieshadbeenseparatebutequalC.

educationalfacilitieshadbeenequalD.

separateeducationalfacilitieswereinherentlyunequal66.TheChineseExclusionActwaspassedin_____.

A.1882

B.1883C.1900

67.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom____and____.A.Ireland/France

B.England/ChinaC.Scotland/England

D.England/Netherlands68.UncleTom’sCabinandRootsaretwonovelswhichgiveavividdescriptionofthemiserablelifeofthe_____.A.earlysettlers

B.PuritansC.nativeIndians

D.blackslaves69.AccordingtoAmericanhistoriansandspecialistsindemography,thereare_____greatpopulationmovementinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.A.two

B.threeC.four

D.five70.ManyearlyChineseimmigrantsworkedintheminingindustry,especiallyinthe_____.A.goldmines

B.silvermines

C.coalmines

D.coppermines71.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedby_____.A.JamesMadison

B.ThomasJeffersonC.AlexanderHamilton

D.GeorgeWashington72.OnJuly4,1776,_____adoptedtheDeclarationofIndependence.A.

theFirstContinentalCongressB.

theSecondContinentalCongressC.

theThirdContinentalCongressD.

theConstitutionalConvention73.Thevictoryof_____wastheturningpointoftheWarofIndependence.A.Saratoga

B.Gettysburg

C.Trenton

D.Yorktown74.TenamendmentsintroducedbyJamesMadisonin1789wereaddedtotheConstitution.Theyareknowsas_____.A.theArticlesofConfederation

B.theBillofRightC.theCivilRights

D.FederalistPapers75.PresidentJeffersonbought_____fromFranceanddoubledthecountry’sterritory.A.NewMexico

B.theLouisianaC.Kansas

D.Ohio76.TheDeclarationofIndependencecamefromthetheoryofBritishphilosopher_____.A.PaulRevere

B.JohnLockeC.Cornwallis

D.FrederickDouglass77.DuringtheWWII,theAxispowersweremainlymadeupby__.A.Germany,FranceandJapan

B.France,JapanandBritainC.Germany,ItalyandBritain

D.German,ItalyandJapan78.TheProgressiveMovementisamovementdemandinggovernmentregulationofthe_____and_____conditions.A.economy/political

B.social/politicalC.economy/social

D.political/cultural79.AsaresultofWWI,_____wasnotoneofthedefeatednations.A.Germany

B.Austro-HungaryC.Ottoman

D.Russia80.TheaimofPresidentRoosevelt’sNewDealwasto“saveAmerican_____.”A.economy

B.politics

C.society

D.democracy81.ThehighestmountaininBritainis____.A.Scafell

B.BenNevisC.theCotswolds

D.theForth82.ThelongestriverinBritainis_____.A.theClyde

B.theMerseyC.theSevern

D.theThames83.ThelargestlakeinBritainis_____.A.theLoughNeage

B.WindermereWaterC.ConistonWater

D.theLakeDistrict84.WhichpartofBritainisalwaysfighting?A.England

B.ScotlandC.Wales

D.NorthemIreland85.TheimmigrantscomingtoBritainaremainlyfrom_____.A.Europe

B.theUnitedStatesC.Africa

D.theWestIndies,IndiesandPakistan86.ThefirstinhabitantsinBritainwere_____.A.theNormans

B.theCeltsC.theIberians

D.theAnglo-Saxons87.BritishRecordedhistorybeganwith_____.A.Romaninvasion

B.theNormanConquestC.theVikingandDanishinvasion

D.theAnglo-Saxonsinvasion88.In829,_____actuallybecametheoverlordofalltheEnglish.A.John

B.JamesI

C.Egbert

D.HenryI89.ChristmasDay____,DukeWilliamwascrownedinWestminsterAbbey.A.1056

B.1066C.1006

90.HenryIIwasthefirstkingofthe_____dynasty.A.Windsor

B.TudorC.Malcolm

D.Plantagenet91.In1265____summonedtheGreatCouncil,whichhasbeenseenastheearliestparliament.A.HenryIII

B.thePope

C.Barons

D.SimondeMontfort92.TheHundredYears’warstatedin____andwasendedin____,inwhichtheEnglishhadlostalltheterritoriesofFranceexcepttheFrenchportof____.A.1337,1453,Flanders

B.1337,1453,CalaisC.1346,1453,Argencourt

D.1346,1453,Brest93.TheWarsofRoseslastedfor_____yearsandking_____wasreplacedbyking_____.A.30,RichardIII,HenryTudor

B.50,RichardIII,HenryTudorC.30,RichardI,HenryTudor

D.50,RichardI,HenryTudor94.TheRenaissancebeganin____intheearly____century.A.England,14

B.England,15C.Italy95.TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled_____.A.theGloriousRevolution

B.theBloodyRevolutionC.theCatholicRevolution

D.thePuritanRevolution96.In_____,asmallgroupofPuritanssailedfrom_____intheMayflowertobethefirstsettlersintheNewA.1620,London

B.1620,Plymouth

C.1720,London

D.1720,Plymouth97.Inthe18thcentury,thereappeared____inEngland,whichowedagreatdealtotheinventionofmachines.A.theIndustrialRevolution

B.theBourgeoisRevolutionC.theWarsoftheRoses

D.theReligiousReformation98.Englishcolonialexpansionbeganwiththecolonizationof_____in1583.A.Canada

B.AustraliaC.India

D.Newfoundland99._____wasfamousforhisabdicationbecauseofhismarriagewithadivorcedAmerican:A.EdwardVIII

B.EdwardVII

C.GeorgeVI

D.GeorgeVII100.InJanuary_____BritainbecameamemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.A.1957

B.1967

C.1973

D.1979二、名詞解釋題101.theChurchofEngland102.theLaborParty103.theHundredYears’War104.publicschool105.WilliamtheConqueror106.WhigsandTories107.theGreatCharter108.OliverCromwell109.Puritans110.RomanInvasion111.separationofpowers112.theSecondContinentalCongress113.NewEngland114.theConfederateStatesofAmerica115.WASPs116.comprehensivehighschool117.the“SecondAmericanWarofIndependence”118.LouisianaPurchase119.theNationalSecurityCouncil120.theMississippiRiver三、填空題2121.BritainisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentby_____,NorthSeaand_____.122.ThechiefrangesinEnglandarethe_____,andthe______.123.SomeofthelargefishingportsinBritainare____,Grimsbyand____.124.ParliamentisthesupremelegislativeauthorityinBritainandconsistsoftheHouseof___,andtheHouseof____.125.TheearlysettlersontheBritishIsleswerethe___and____.126.In1381,thepeasantsin___rebelled.Theyweredeterminedtoabolish___.127.TheAmericanIndustrialRevolutionbeganintheyearof___withits___industry.128.Americaneducationismainlyclassifiedinto_____,____andhigher.129.TheEnlightenmentinAmericaprovidedthecolonistswitha___and___weaponagainsttheBritishrule.130.PresidentNixonvisitedChinainFeb,19____.Intheyearof___theUSestablisheddiplomaticrelationswithChina.131.ThepresentsovereignofBritainis______,andPrince____istheheirtothethrone.132.TheCabinetiscomposedofthemost____ministerswhomeetregularlyunderthe___ofthePrimeMinister.133.Fromthemiddleofthe5thcenturythreeTeutonicgroups,Anglos,Saxonsand____begantomigratefromtheregionof____.134.The15thand16thcenturiesweremarkedbythe___offeudalismandthe___ofcapitalisminEnglishhistory.135.TheBritishEmpirebeganwiththefoundingof___in1583,andfellafterthe___WorldWar.136.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesfollowstwoprinciples:the__systemandthe__ofpowers.137.InlegislationthePresidentofU.S.hasa___poweroverbillspassedby___.138.Bythemid-19thcentury,theterritoryoftheUShadreachedover___millionsquarekilometers,about___timesthesizeofthetotalareaoftheoriginalthirteenstates.139.TheConservativePartydevelopedoutofthe___Party,whiletheLiberalpartydevelopedoutofthe____.140.TheancestorsoftheEnglish______,whiletheScots,WelshandIrishthe______.141.TheCentralLowlandsofScotlandincludethevalleysofthe_____,_____andForthrivers.142.TheBritishdidnotadoptrationalreformssuchas____systemuntil1975,andthe____systemuntil1971.143.TheHundredYear’sWarwasawaragainst___fortheFrenchcrownandfortheindustrialcityof___.144.Geographicallyspeaking,thenorthandwestofBritainare_______,whiletheeastandsouth-eastaremostly______.145.TheEnglishBourgeoisRevolutionexertedgreatinfluenceon___andthe____revolutionsinthe18thcentury.146.TheSouth'slendingindustriesarethosethatmakeuseofthe_______supplyofnaturalresourcesand_____materials.147.Congressconsistsofthe____andtheHouseof_____.148.Intermsoftheirpoliticaladministration,thethirteenBritishcoloniescanbedividedintothreetypes:the____colonies,thecentralcoloniesandthe____colonies.149.Thethreekindsoflocalgovernmentsunderastategovernmentare____governments,city,town,or____governmentsandlocalgovernmentsofdistrictssetupforspecialpurposes.150.TheSenateservesatermof_____years,andeverytwoyears,_______oftheSenatorsstandsforre-election.151.ThefarmlandintheeasternhalfofBritainisusedforraising___.Itschiefagriculturalproductsarewheat,_____,oatsandpotatoes.152.Theso-called“GloriousRevolution”wasactuallyabloodless___bythebourgeoisieintheyearof___.153.The___conflictbetweenthebourgeoisieandtheMonarchyandthepersecutionof___constitutedtwoofthemajorcausesofthebourgeoisrevolution.154.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolutioninboththe___ofproductionandtherelationsofproduction.Itbeganinthe___industryinthe1760sandlasteduntil1830.155.TheOpenUniversityissocalledbecauseitis___topeopleof___ages.156.Inthe____centuryalargenumberofChinesewereshippedtoAmericaas“____”157.TheearliestinhabitantsinAmericawere___,whohadcomeoverfromAsiabycrossingthelandbridgeacrossthepresent___158.TheFrenchandIndianWarwasfoughtbetweenthe___andtheFrench,whowerecontendingforthe___159.InFebruary1861,sixoftheslavestatesthathadsecededfromtheUnionformedthe____andelected___astheirpresident.160.SecondaryeducationintheUStakesplaceinavarietyofjuniorandseniorhighschools,whichcanbedistinguishedasvocationalhighschool,___and____.161.___whogetsthemajorityofthe___votesiselectedPresidentoftheUS.162.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorldintheyearof___.HecalledthenativeIndiansbecausehebelievedtheislandstowhichhehadcomewereoffthecoastof___.163.OxfordandCambridgeweretheonlyuniversitiesin___untilthe___century.164.In_____,theEnglishCivilWarbrokeout.TheCavalierssupportedtheking,whiletheRoundheadssupported_______.165.ThehighestpointinWalesis____inthe____Mountain166.Attheprimarystageofthegeneralelection,thevoterselect___tothenational___ofthetwopartiesineachstate.167.InthefirsttwodecadesafterWorldWarIItheUSgovernmentadoptedapolicyofColdWarand___initsrelationshipwiththeSovietUnion.Thispolicywaslaterreplacedbythepolicyof___forworldhegemony.168.Accordingtotheiryearofstudy,undergraduatestudentsarecalledfreshman,____,juniorand____respectively.169.AftertheCivilWar,OliverCromwelldeclaredEnglanda______,later,hebecame_________.170.Canada'searlyeconomicdevelopmentwasfoundedonanumberofresource-based______:fishing,forestry,_______andmining.四、簡(jiǎn)答題（略）……答案一、單選題1.D2.B3.B4.C5.D6.C7.C8.A9.D10.B11.A12.D13.B14.B15.D16.C17.D18.D19.D20.A21.C22.B23.B24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.D30.B31.A32.B33.A34.B35.B36.D37.B38.D39.C40.A41.C42.B43.D44.C45.A46.C47.C48.D49.A