【寒假自學(xué)課】六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)寒假講義-第6講-動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) （教案+學(xué)案） 譯林版（三起）學(xué)案2

課程主題：動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):1.了解動(dòng)詞的分類和掌握基本形式；2.掌握重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞的用法和相應(yīng)短語(yǔ)。教學(xué)內(nèi)容【進(jìn)門(mén)測(cè)試】建議5min一、用括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式補(bǔ)全句子。1.Heusually_________(get)upat6:30a,m,andthenwasheshisface.2.Weare_________(have)ourEnglishexaminationnow.3.TheEnglishteacher_________(ask)ustorevise(復(fù)習(xí))ourEnglishlastweek.4.They_________(do)theirhomeworklastnight.5.MyfriendAnnis_________(sing).6.Hecan_________(do)theworkverywell.7.Thankyoufor_________(invite)me.8.Thisappleis_________(big)thanthatone.9.Doesyourmothergetup_________(early)thanyou?10.Alotof_________(visit)cometoourcountryeveryyear.【多元導(dǎo)學(xué)】建議5min請(qǐng)描述一下圖片中的兩個(gè)小朋友在做什么？【互動(dòng)精講】建議70min【知識(shí)梳理1】考點(diǎn)演練表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞叫動(dòng)詞。1.動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也叫行為動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，一般在句子中作謂語(yǔ)，有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又分及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞絕大多數(shù)屬于這一類。IstudyEnglish.我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)，可用來(lái)表示否定、疑問(wèn)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等。常用的助動(dòng)詞有do,have,shall,will,should,would等。Iwillbuysomebookstomorrow.我明天將去買些書(shū)。系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。常用的系動(dòng)詞有be,look.feel.seem,keep.smell,sound,become,get,grow,turn,come等。Theflowersmellsverysweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不完整，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，一般與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can,may,must,will,shall,could,would,should,might,need等。Youshouldstudyhard.你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。典例：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)Weoften__________(walking)toschoolinthemorning(2)Everyone__________(pass)theexamlastyear.運(yùn)用單項(xiàng)選擇。()(1)Timwantsto__________strongerbuthedoesnotknowhowto__________it.A.get;doB.gets;doesC.getting;doing()(2)MrLeedoesn't__________playingfootball.A.likingB.likesC.like2.動(dòng)詞的基本形式（1）動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形即動(dòng)詞未進(jìn)行變化的形式，也就是詞典中一般給出的形式。（2）第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞原形變第三人稱單數(shù)有以下幾種情況：=1\*GB3①一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s。如：work—works；read—reads；look—looks。=2\*GB3②以-ch，-sh，-s,-x及輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-es。如：catch—catches；finish—finishes;do—does。=3\*GB3③以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將y變?yōu)閕再加-es。如：fly—flies；study—studies；carry—carries。=4\*GB3④以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-s。如：play—plays；stay—stays。（3）現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞原形變現(xiàn)在分詞的規(guī)則如下：=1\*GB3①一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ing。如：work—working；read—reading；look—looking。=2\*GB3②以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加-ing。如：smile—smiling；move—moving；take—taking。=3\*GB3③以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)此字母后再加-ing。如：sit—sitting；cut—cutting；run—running。=4\*GB3④少數(shù)幾個(gè)以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要變-ie為y，再加ing。如：die—dying；lie—lying。（4）過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞原形變過(guò)去式有以下幾種情況：=1\*GB3①一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ed。如：work—worked;look—looked;wait—waited。=2\*GB3②以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將y變成i再加-ed。如：study—studied；carry—carried。=3\*GB3③以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，雙寫(xiě)此輔音字母后再加-ed。-如：stop—stopped;drop—dropped。=4\*GB3④以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加-d。如：smile—smiled;move—moved。=5\*GB3⑤一部分動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是不規(guī)則變化。如：go—went;see—saw。典例：按要求寫(xiě)單詞。(1)run(過(guò)去式)__________(2)come(現(xiàn)在分詞）__________(3)hurry(第三人稱單數(shù)）__________(4)do（第三人稱單數(shù)）__________(5)buy(過(guò)去式)__________運(yùn)用：按要求寫(xiě)單詞(1)pass(第三人稱單數(shù)）__________(2)drop(過(guò)去式）__________(3)write(現(xiàn)在分詞)__________(4)get(過(guò)去式)__________(5)have(過(guò)去式)__________【知識(shí)梳理2】重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞用法辨析1.havehave一詞在英語(yǔ)中使用時(shí)有自己的特點(diǎn)，要記住它的特點(diǎn)：(1)have一詞作“擁有”、“具有”講時(shí)，可用于一般時(shí)態(tài)中，卻不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(ishaving/arehaving等)。(2)have和havegot常與表示疼痛和疾病的名詞連用。常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)如：haveacold(感冒)，have(got)aheadache(頭疼),haveasorethroat(嗓子疼),havemeasles(麻疹)等。(3)have還可以替代常用動(dòng)詞，表示eat,enjoy,experience,drink,take等意義。這時(shí)have是行為動(dòng)詞，因此，可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。2.wantwant作動(dòng)詞，意為“想要”，相當(dāng)于wouldlike。后接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式todo...。如：Iwantacupoftea.我想要一杯茶。Iwanttobuyanewcomputer.我想買臺(tái)新電腦。3.see,looksee和look是感官動(dòng)詞，都有“看”的意思。它們的區(qū)別在于：look是指經(jīng)常意義上的看，比較常用和口語(yǔ)化，它強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的動(dòng)作，提醒別人注意“看”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)“是否看到”，它后面不能直接加名詞，必須和at連用后才能加名詞。Look!MissWuiscoming.看！吳老師來(lái)了。Lookatthismap.看這張地圖。有時(shí)look還可以作為名詞，意為“看、神色、樣子”。如：Maylhavealook?我可以看一下嗎?see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，意思是“看見(jiàn)(到)”，后面可以直接加名詞。Icanseehim.我能看到他?！狢anyouseethebird?你能看見(jiàn)那只鳥(niǎo)嗎?—Yes,lcan.是的.我能看見(jiàn)。4.hear,listenhear既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)、聽(tīng)到”，側(cè)重耳朵聽(tīng)到的聲音，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果。如：Whatdoyouhear?你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了什么?SuddenlyIheardastrangenoise.我突然聽(tīng)到一種奇怪的響聲。listen一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示有意識(shí)仔細(xì)地聽(tīng)，但不一定聽(tīng)到什么，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作，它常單獨(dú)使用，以提醒對(duì)方的注意。listen后面不能直接加名詞，它必須和to連用，后面才能接人或物作賓語(yǔ)。如：Listen!Thebirdsaresinging.聽(tīng)！小鳥(niǎo)在唱歌。Pleaselistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.請(qǐng)?jiān)谡n堂上認(rèn)真聽(tīng)老師講課5.say,speak,talk,tellsay意為“說(shuō)，講”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容。如：Pleaseopenyourmouthandsay“Ah”.請(qǐng)張開(kāi)你的嘴巴說(shuō)“啊”Shesayshellotomewithasmile.她笑著和我打招呼。speak意為“講話、發(fā)言、講(某種語(yǔ)言)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)的動(dòng)作。如：Don'tspeakloudlyinthecinema.不要在電影院里大聲說(shuō)話。HecanspeakalittleJapanese.他能說(shuō)一點(diǎn)兒日語(yǔ)。talk意為“談話；說(shuō)話；演講”，強(qiáng)調(diào)雙方的交談。如：Whodidyoutalkwithjustnow?你剛剛和誰(shuí)談話的?Don'ttalktoeachotherinclass.上課不要交頭接耳。tell意為“講；說(shuō)；告訴”。如：Canyoutellmethewaytothezoo?你能告訴我去動(dòng)物園的路嗎?Tellusthestory,please.請(qǐng)給我們講那個(gè)故事吧！6.lookfor,findlookfor是“尋找”，表示動(dòng)作的過(guò)程：而find是“找到”，表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。如：Ilookedformypeneverywhere.butIcouldnotfindit.我到處找我的鋼筆，但沒(méi)有找到，7.turnon,openturnon與open的中文解釋都是“打開(kāi)”、“開(kāi)”但turnon表示接通來(lái)源(如電源、水源、煤氣等)，其反義詞是turnoff：而open則表示打開(kāi)某個(gè)封閉空間的門(mén)或蓋(如箱子、房門(mén)、窗戶等)，它的反義詞是close。如：Turnon/Turnofftheradio,please.請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)打開(kāi)/關(guān)掉。Heopened/closedthedoor.他開(kāi)/關(guān)了門(mén).8.taketake表示“做出”某種舉動(dòng)，其意義應(yīng)根據(jù)后面的名詞來(lái)決定。如：takeaphotograph拍一張照片takeawalk散步takealook看一眼takearest休息一下takeataxi乘出租車takeabath洗澡takeanexam考試takeaseat坐下9.wear,puton,haveonwear及物動(dòng)詞，用于表示“穿衣、鞋和襪子”、“戴帽和手套”等，強(qiáng)調(diào)衣服已穿在身上。如：Thelittleboywearsabluesweater.那個(gè)小男孩穿了一件藍(lán)色的毛衣。haveon表示“穿著”，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果、狀態(tài)。如：Theboyhasonanewshirt.那個(gè)男孩穿了一件新襯衣。puton表示“穿”，強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的動(dòng)作。如：Itiscoldoutside,youmustputonyourcoat.外邊很冷，你要穿上外衣。10.catchcatch是一個(gè)一詞多義的單詞，在閱讀時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文仔細(xì)分析，選準(zhǔn)詞義。(1)表示“趕上，及時(shí)趕到”。如：Everymorninghewouldcatchthe7:30traintotown.每天早上他要趕7:30的火車進(jìn)城。(2)表示“聽(tīng)清楚，理解”。如：Ididn'tcatchwhatyousaidjustnow.我沒(méi)聽(tīng)清楚你剛才所說(shuō)的話。(3)表示“引起(注意)”、“吸引”、“迷住”。如：Thebeautifulviewinfrontofmecaughtandheld.me.面前美麗的景色把我迷住了。11.help(1)表示“幫助，援助，救助”時(shí)，常構(gòu)成句型“helpsb.(to)dosth.”或“helpsb.withsth.”。如：Wouldyouhelpme(to)cleantheroom?你幫我打掃一下房間好嗎?(2)表示“對(duì)……有幫助，對(duì)……有好處”時(shí)，常構(gòu)成句型：“sth.helpsb.”。如：Myknowledgeofhistoryhelpedmealot.我的歷史知識(shí)幫了我的大忙。12.makemake可表示做出某種舉動(dòng)，其意義根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)而定。如：maketea/coffee湖茶/煮咖啡makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤makelunch做午飯makechanges作出變更makeanoise弄出聲音makeamess弄亂makeasentence造句makethebed鋪床makeaspeech做演講makeadecision做決定13.stop(1)stop作名詞意為“車站；停止”。如:abusstop公交車站；makeasuddenstop突然停下來(lái)(2)stop作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“停止”，其過(guò)去式為stopped，現(xiàn)在分詞為stopping。其常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：stoptodosth(停下來(lái)去做另一件事)；stopdoingsth(停止正在做的事)。如：Theworkersaretired,theystoptohavearest.工人們累了，停下來(lái)休息一下。Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)學(xué)生們停止講話。14.thinkthink作動(dòng)詞“思考”，其后一般接that從句，表達(dá)某人的看法或觀點(diǎn)。如：Ithinksheisright.我認(rèn)為她是對(duì)的。注：(1)當(dāng)1(We)think后接否定的從句時(shí)，一般將否定詞提前，即否定主語(yǔ)，這叫否定前置。如：Idon'tthinksheisright.我認(rèn)為她不對(duì)。(2)Ithinkso.(我認(rèn)為如此。)Idon'tthinkso.（我認(rèn)為不是如此。)用來(lái)簡(jiǎn)略回答自己對(duì)某事的看法?！菊n堂檢測(cè)】=1\*ROMANI.按要求寫(xiě)單詞1.ate(原形）__________2.made(原形）__________3.bought(原形）__________4.smoke（現(xiàn)在分詞）__________5.chat(現(xiàn)在分詞）__________6.show(過(guò)去式)__________7.wear(過(guò)去式)__________8.give(過(guò)去式)__________9.catch（第三人稱單數(shù)）__________10write(第三人稱單數(shù)）__________=2\*ROMANII.用所給詞的道當(dāng)形式填空1.Willthey__________(go)toShenzhentomorrow?2.Jackwill__________(have)apartyathomenextweekend.3.Mycousin__________(be)abusdriver.4.Jim__________(be)astudentlastyear.5.Alice__________(have)ahighfeveryesterday,butshe__________(feel)bettertoday.6.Didyou__________(have)supperlastnight?7.They__________(stay)inBeijingforaweeklastmonth.8.Weoften__________(play)tennisafterschool.9.They__________(collect)somecoinslastweek.10.Wecan'thelpyou,becauseweare__________(have)classes.11.Cindy__________(go)tothetheatreeveryweek12.Look,theyare__________(play)ontheplayground.13.Heis__________(read)astorybookinthelibrarynow.14.Listen,whois__________(speak)Englishintheclassroom?15.Look!Thebirdis__________(fly)inthesky.16.Tom__________(wash)hisfacebeforebreakfasteveryday.17.Thestudentscan__________(play)sportsafterclass.18.Herparentswill__________(come)homesoon.19.It'stimeto__________(have)breakfast.20.Mymotheris__________(cook)inthekitchennow.=3\*ROMANIII.單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.John__________veryhappy.A.watchesB.seesC.looks()2.__________thecomputer.I'llsearchforsomething.A.TurnupB.TurnonC.Turnoff()3.Where__________yourunclecomefrom?A.areB.doC.does()4.Theidea__________good.A.soundsB.listensC.hears()5.Mybrother__________likeplayingfootball.A.don'tB.isn'tC.doesn't()6.Hello,thisisJack.MayI__________toMrZhang?A.talkB.tellC.speak()7.Amy__________theviolinwell.She__________itnow.A.play:isplayingB.plays;isplayingC.plays:plays()8.Itoften__________hereinspring.It__________heavilyyesterday.A.rains;rainedB.rained;rainsC.raining:rained()9.MyfriendTom__________manygoodhabits.A.haveB.hasC.having()10.Mymumoften__________mestorieswhenIwasalittlegirl.A.toldB.saidC.spoke()11.Goalongthestreetandturnrightatthesecondcrossing.Youcan__________thebank.A.lookupB.foundC.find()12.Yourshoesaren'tclean.Youshould__________.A.washitB.washthemC.washedtherm()13.Canyou__________methewaytothestore?A.showB.giveC.know()14.Tonyoften__________toschool.A.walkB.walksC.walked()15.Iwanttobuysomemedicine,butyou__________gowithme.A.cannotB.shouldnotC.neednot【要點(diǎn)回顧】建議15min一、動(dòng)詞的定義動(dòng)詞：表示動(dòng)作中狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。二、動(dòng)詞的分類根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四類，分別是：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。三、動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)中的變化（一)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則規(guī)律及構(gòu)成方法例詞（1）一般情況在動(dòng)詞后直接加smake—makes，skate—skates（2）以ch,sh,s,x,o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾加eswatch—watches,wash—washes,do—does（3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把y變?yōu)閕,再加esfly—flies，study—studies（4）牢記have—has(二)現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則構(gòu)成規(guī)則例詞（1）直接+ingsleep—sleeping（2）去掉末尾的e+ingmake—making,have—having注意：see—seeing（3）雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母+ingrun—running,shop—shopping（4）以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要把ie變成y,再加ingdie—dying,lie—lying（三）規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則構(gòu)詞規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（1）直接加edworkworked（2）以e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加ddancedanced（3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加edstudystudied（4）以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的，直接加edplayplayed（5）雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母+edstopstopped（6）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的不規(guī)則變化stoppedshoppedplanned【溫故知新】一、按要求寫(xiě)單詞。1.have(第三人稱單數(shù))__________2.try(第三人稱單數(shù))__________3.fix(第三人稱單數(shù))__________4.write(現(xiàn)在分詞)__________5.sit(現(xiàn)在分詞)__________6.lie(現(xiàn)在分詞)__________7.live(過(guò)去式)__________8.carry(過(guò)去式)_________9.read(過(guò)去式)__________10.did(原形)__________11.flew(原形)__________12.said(原形)__________13.study(同義詞)__________14.begin(同義詞)__________15.photo(同義詞)__________二、用所給的動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Mr.Wu____________(live)inHuMenlastyear.2.Thechildoften____________(study)Englishintheevening.3.We____________(read)manyinterestingbooksanhourago.4.Lookattheman!He____________(read)amagazine.

5.It____________(be)Mary’sbirthdayyesterday.6.I____________(visit)manyinterestingpandasonmyholidaytomorrow.7.Oneofthechildren____________(take)picturesnow.8.TomandMary____________(come)toChinathedaybeforeyesterday.9.There____________(be)abigbirthdaypartynextweek.10.Heatesomebreadand____________(drink)somemilk.11.Benalways____________(have)alotofquestions.12.Listen！Nancy____________(sing)inthedining-room.13.Mike____________(brush)histeetheverymorning.14.Pleasehelpthechildren____________(clean)hisbedroom.15.It’stimeforus____________(start).三、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.There_________apianoandtwochairsinthemusicroom.A.areB.isC.haveD.has()2.There_________somegrapejuiceandtwopiecesofbreadonthattable.A.hasB.isC.haveD.are()3.Where_________Baymax_________from?A.is;comeB.do;comeC.does;comeD.are;come()4._________yourbrother_________asoccerball?A.Do;hasB.Do;haveC.Does;haveD.Is;have()5.There_________anewfilmnextSunday.A.willhaveB.willbeC.isgoingtohaveD.aregoingtobe()6.I_________tiredyesterday,soI_________goshoppingwithher.A.am;don’tB.was;amnotC.was;didn’tD.am;amnot()7.Histeacher_________herbikenow,butshecan’t________it.A.finds,looksforB.looksfor,findsC.islookingfor,findD.finding,lookfor()8.Doyou_________theradioeverymorning?A.listenB.hearC.listentoD.hearto()9.Thestudentsare_________abouttheirfutureintheclassroom.A.talkingB.tellingC.sayingD.speaking()10.Mikedoesn’tplaysports.Heonly_________themonTV.A.seesB.watchesC.looksatD.reads四、根據(jù)所給的中文意思，完成下列句子。1.你從哪里來(lái)?Wheredoyou?2.他明天要和他的妹妹一起去畫(huà)畫(huà)。Hewithhissistertomorrow.3.我的愛(ài)好就是聽(tīng)音樂(lè)和游泳。Myhobbiestomusicandswimming.4.我父親正在他的書(shū)房里寫(xiě)信。Myfatherisainhisstudy.5.張鵬上周日做作業(yè)和購(gòu)物了。ZhangPenghomeworkandshoppinglastSunday.五、補(bǔ)全短文。(從方框中選擇正確的單詞并用其適當(dāng)形式填空，每個(gè)詞只能用一次。)ImanywomanmayoutbutgonexttoseatImanywomanmayoutbutgonexttoseatlookIt’sSunday.Thereare(1)________peopleonthebus.Andanoldmanis(2)________hereandthere.Hewantstofinda(3)________.Thenhefindsone.Hegoestoit.Asmallbagisontheseat.Andayoungmanis(4)_______it.“Excuseme,(5)________Ihavethisseat?”askstheoldman.“Sorry,it’sfora(6)________.She(7)_______tobuysomebananas.”saystheyoungman.“Well,”saystheoldman.“l(fā)etmesithere,please.Whenshecomesback,Iwillleavehere.”Thebusstarts.“Shedoesn’tcome,(8)________herbagishere.Letmegiveherthebag.”theoldmanwantstothrowthebag(9)________ofthewindow.“Don’tthrow!It’s(10)________bag.”theyoungmanjumpsandshouts.六、完形填空。Hainanisan1inthesouthofChina.Itisfamousforthe2seaandthebeautifulbeach.Lastsummer,parentsand3wentthereonholiday.We4inthehotelinSanya.Ourstay5twoweeks.Duringourholiday,we6lotsoffun.Mymumswaminthesea,mydad7themotorboatwithme.Wealso8thecoconutjuice,andhaddifferentkindsofseafood,theislandwaswonderful9thepeopletherewerereallyfriendly.Wee