2021年高考英語調研大一輪復習課時作業(yè)25Unit5FirstaidB卷

課時作業(yè)25FirstaidⅠ.閱讀理解A(山東北鎮(zhèn)中學檢測)Nooneenjoyshearingthesoundofsomeoneelsechewingtheirfood.Mostofthetime,though,it'snotthatbigadealbutaminorannoyance.Butforasmallgroupofpeoplewithmisophonia(恐音癥),thesoundcanbepainful,causingextremeangeranddeepdiscomfort.Themostordinarysoundsofchewingandbreathingcandrivethemcrazy.Pastattemptstoexplainthecausesofmisophoniahavesuggestedeverythingfromcompulsivedisordertoaneasily-annoyedpersonality—butaccordingtoastudypublishedyesterdayinthejournalCurrentBiology,thetruecriminalisthestructureofthebrain.Forthestudy,ateamofresearchersledbyNewcastleUniversityneuroscientistSukhbinderKumarrecruited(招募)42volunteers,ofwhomaroundhalfhadextrememisophoniaandtheotherhalfservedasthecontrolgroup,andplayedthemseveraldifferentnoises:someordinary;someharsh,likethesoundofapersonscreaming;andsomethatwereordinaryforthecontrolgroupbutknowntobeannoyingformisophonics,peoplewithmisophonia,likethesoundofbreathing.Astheparticipantslistened,theresearchersmonitoredthemforsignsofanxiety,bothphysicalsymptomsandbehavioralexpressions,andobservedtheirbrainactivityusingFMRIscans.Theonlysignificantdifferenceinreactionbetweenthetwogroupshappened,duringthemisophonia-specificsounds,whenthosewiththeconditionshowedphysicalchangesthatsuggestedtheywereenteringfight-or-flightmode.MisophonicshadincreasedactivityintheAIC,anareaknowntoplayacentralroleinthesystemthatdetermineswhichthingsweshouldpayattentionto.Whenthetriggersoundswereplayed,therewasnotonlymoreactivityinthisregionbutalsoabnormallyhighlevelsofconnectiontootherregions.Misophonia,inotherwords,maybearesultofmisplacedattentionthebrainofamisophonicfocusesonthingsthatotherpeoplenormallytuneout(不予理會).Onarelatednote,onbehalfofmisophonicsandmanners-mindedmomseverywhere:Please,chewwithyourmouthclosed.本文主要講述了一些恐音癥患者對某些細小的聲音都會有極大的反應，及其發(fā)生的原因。1．Whatisthetruecriminalofmisophonia?A．Soundsofchewingandbreathing.B．Compulsivedisorder.C．Aneasily-annoyedpersonality.D．Thestructureofthebrain.答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Pastattemptstoexplainthecausesofmisophoniahavesuggestedeverythingfromcompulsivedisordertoaneasily-annoyedpersonality—butaccordingtoastudypublishedyesterdayinthejournalCurrentBiology,thetruecriminalisthestructureofthebrain.可知，恐音癥的罪魁禍首其實是大腦結構。結合選項，故選D。2．Whichwaydidresearchesusetocarryouttheirresearch?A．Playingvolunteersseveraldifferentvoices.B．Observingvolunteers'heartactivityusingFMRIscans.C．Monitoringvolunteersforsignsofanxiety.D．Analyzingvolunteers'answerstospecificquestions.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Astheparticipantslistened,theresearchersmonitoredthemforsignsofanxiety,bothphysicalsymptomsandbehavioralexpressions...可知，當參加測試的人在聽各種聲音的時候，研究人員檢測他們的焦慮程度，身體癥狀和行為表現(xiàn)……結合選項，故選C。3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．MisophonicshaddecreasedactivityintheAICduringthemisophonia-specificsounds.B．Thebrainofamisophonicconcentratesonthingsotherpeoplenormallyignore.C．Around42volunteerswithextrememisophoniawererecruitedintheresearch.D．Chewingfoodnoisilyisappreciatedbythepeopleallovertheworld.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Misophonia,inotherwords,maybearesultofmisplacedattentionthebrainofamisophonicfocusesonthingsthatotherpeoplenormallytuneout(不予理會)．可知，恐音癥者會錯誤地關注其他人們不會理會的一些聲音，因此他們會對某些聲音敏感。結合選項，故選B。4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Reasonswhymisophonicscan'tstandevensmallnoises.B．Misophoniamaycausemisplacedattention.C．Weshouldcareformisophonics.D．Symptomsofmisophonia.答案：A解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內容可知，文中主要講述了一些恐音癥患者對某些細小的聲音都會有極大的反應，并講述了其發(fā)生的原因。結合選項，故選A。B(貴陽一中模擬)Itcouldhappenjustaboutanytimeyoustepoutinpublic.Yougetontoanalmost-emptybus,butthenextpassengerdecidestoignoredozensofemptyseatsandsitrightnexttoyou.Whileyou'rewaitinginlineatasupermarket,thenextcustomerinsistsonstandingonlytwoinchesbehindyouandshoutingintohiscellphone.Yougointoapublicrestroom,andthenextpersontoenterdecidestousethenextstall.Transgressions(冒犯)likethesedon'tjustmakeusfeeluncomfortable;weoftenfeelanxious,alarmedandviolated(被侵犯的).Itistheattackofthepersonal-spaceinvaders.Inanysociety,shareddefinitionsofpersonalspacegovernhowweinteractwithotherpeople.Peoplelivingindensely(密集地)populatedcitieslikeMumbai,Beijing,orMexicoCitytendtorequirelesspersonalspacethanpeoplelivinginsparsely(稀少地)populatedplaceswithinthecountry.InAmerica,NewYorkersoftenhavesmallerrequirementsthanresidentsofwesternstates,likeMontana,ShenandoahandWyoming.Becauseeveryonehasdifferentstandards,gesturesthatareinnocentinoneplacecanbeinterpretedasoppositeinanother,especiallyinBritain.AstheBritishetiquette(禮儀)websiteDebrett'sputsit,asaBritishperson,somebodystandingtooclosemaymakeyou“focuslessonwhatsomebodyissayingthanonhowclosetheyaretoyou”.Simpleactslikeputtinganarmaroundsomeoneyoudon'tknowmayseemfriendlyinChina,buttheycanmakeBritishpeopleveryuncomfortable.PeoplefrommanyEuropeancountriessuchasFranceandSpainkisseachotheronthecheekwhentheymeet,yettoBritishpeople,thisseemstoofriendlyand“touch-freely”.Thewebsiteexplains,“TheBritisharenotbackslappers(拍人后背的人)andgenerallydonotshowaffectioninpublic.”AreBritishpeopleunfriendly?Farfromit.Thewebsiteaddsthattheyarenotas“stand-offish_and_aloof”astheymayseem,butveryfriendlyandhelpfultoforeigners.However,remembernottobetooclose.Ifyouaregoingtocomecloserthananarm'slength,pleaseletthemknow.本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在不同國家、不同文化背景下的社會禮儀的不同。5．Accordingtothepassage,ifyouweremeetingaBritishforthefirsttime,itwouldbepoliteofyouto________.A．kisshim/heronthecheekB．keepanarm'slengthawayfromhim/herC．putanarmaroundhim/herD．slaphis/herback答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“...asaBritishperson,somebodystandingtooclosemaymakeyou‘focuslessonwhatsomebodyissayingthanonhowclosetheyaretoyou’．”可知，初次與英國人見面站得太近會讓他感覺不舒服，所以最好保持一臂的距離，故B項正確。6．Accordingtothepassage,whotendtorequiremorepersonalspace?A．PeoplelivinginBeijingandpeoplelivinginMexicoCity.B．PeoplelivinginMumbaiandpeoplelivinginShenandoah.C．PeoplelivinginWyomingandpeoplelivinginNewYork.D．PeoplelivinginWyomingandpeoplelivinginMontana.答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“InAmerica,NewYorkersoftenhavesmallerrequirementsthanresidentsofwesternstates,likeMontana,ShenandoahandWyoming.”可知，生活在人煙稀少的懷俄明州、謝南多厄州和蒙大拿州的人需要更多的私人空間，故D項正確。7．Theunderlinedword“stand-offishandaloof”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．coldandindifferentB．modestandcoolC．gentlemanlyandkind-heartedD．independentandstrong-willed答案：A解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“...butveryfriendlyandhelpfultoforeigners.”可知，英國人并不是像看起來那樣冷漠，而是十分友好，故A項正確。8．Whatcanweconcludefromthearticle?A．Britishpeopleliketositnexttootherpeopleonemptybuses.B．Britishpeopleusuallykissstrangersonthecheektogreetthem.C．Britishpeoplearehelpfulthoughtheymaynotappeartobe.D．Britishpeoplearedelightedtoshowaffectioninpublic.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thewebsiteaddsthattheyarenotas‘stand-offish_and_aloof’astheymayseem,butveryfriendlyandhelpfultoforeigners.”可知，盡管英國人看起來冷漠，但其實是十分友好的，故C項正確。Ⅱ.完形填空(福建東山二中模擬考試)Iwaswaitingfortheredlighttochangetogreenatabusycrossinginourcity.ThenIsawanelderlyman__1__togetupofftheground.Hehadfallenoffhisbikewhichhad__2__.Itseemedthathislegwasterriblyhurtandhewascrawling__3__forwardtogethisvegetablebasket,whichwasnowinthe__4__ofcomingtraffic.__5__givingitasecondthought,Ihurriedtogetoutofmycar,rushedtohimand__6__himtositonthesideoftheroad.QuicklyI__7__thebasketforhim.ThenIwalkedto__8__andstooditbackupagain.Ashelookedupatme,hesmiledandsaid,“Thankyou.”ImadesurethathewasOKandthenI__9__tomycar—BMW,whichIhadleftatthecrossing.__10__，therehadbeenalonglineofcars,waitingforme.Buttomy__11__，thosedriversjustlookedatmeand__12__washonking(按喇叭).Infact,Iclearlyrememberedamanlookingatmefromacrossthe__13__，givingmeabigsmile.Generally,mostpeoplethinkrichmenare__14__andperhapstheyfounditstrangethatIwouldhelpapooroldmaninthestreet.ThefunnythingisthatIthinktheotherdriversonlythoughtofmeasaselfish__15__personatfirst.Theywerejudgingmebymyshiningclothesandexpensivecar.__16__theythoughtIwasthe__17__persontoofferahelpinghandtosomeonein__18__.However,lookscanbecheating__19__.Todaythesmilesonpeople'sfaces__20__me.NowIknowthatIcanbejudgedbywhatIdo,notwhatIown.人們通常會認為有錢人是冷漠的。但作者用自己的行動告訴我們：評判人的標準不是你擁有了什么，而是你做了什么。1．A.trying B．hopingC．waiting D．managing答案：A解析：根據(jù)下文可知，老人騎車摔倒了。所以，他正試圖要站起來。2．A.gotdown B．brokenupC．gotover D．turnedover答案：D解析：老人從自行車上摔下來了，車子自然也倒了。turnover翻倒。3．A.quickly B．slowlyC．carefully D．gradually答案：B解析：根據(jù)上文可知，老人的腿摔得很嚴重，因此他正向前慢慢地爬。4．A.way B．faceC．control D．road答案：A解析：inthewayof“擋住……的去路”。5．A.By B．WithoutC．Through D．With答案：B解析：“我”沒有遲疑就上前幫助老人。6．A.persuaded B．advisedC．brought D．helped答案：D解析：“我”沖過去，幫助老人到路邊坐下。7．A.gaveout B．handedoverC．pickedup D．putup答案：C解析：根據(jù)上文可知，老人的菜籃子摔出去了，“我”幫他撿了起來。8．A.hisbike B．mycarC．myseat