2022年考博英語-中共中央黨?？记澳M強化練習(xí)題46附答案詳解

2022年考博英語-中共中央黨?？记澳M強化練習(xí)題（附答案詳解）1.單選題

Majorexamsarethebaneofmanyastudent'slife.Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.Thetroubleisthattakinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarhasneverbeenanidealwaytodeterminecompetence—theymaycomeattherighttimeforsomeluckystudents,butnotformanyothers.

Perhapsitdoesn'thavetobethatway.Asteachingbeginstomoveonline,wenolongerneedtowaituntiltheendofacoursetoperformassessments.Instead,computersoftwarecanassessunderstandingduringthelearningprocessitselfbyanalyzingastudent'severymouseclickandkeystroke.Socouldwefinallybeabletogetridofthedreadedfinalexam?

Abetteroptionisasystemthatallowsstudentstoadvanceattheirownpacewhentheyhavemasteredthematerial,saysJuliaFreeland,aneducationresearcher.Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.Thisisclearlysomethingthatteachersinabusyclassroommaystruggletodo.Ifcoursematerialisofferedonline,though,withthestudent'sinputanalyzedautomaticallybycomputersoftware,studentscanbeassessedindividually—eventothepointthatthesoftwarecanidentifywhenagivenstudentislikelytoperformtotheirfullpotentialonanexam.

Competency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS,saysFreeland.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.

Theideabehindthesoftwareisrelativelystraightforward.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthattheyhavereadapassageoftextorwatchedavideo,forinstance—andcombinesitwithdataonthestudent’sperformanceoninformaltestsandquizzestoestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.Whenthatunderstandingreachesapredeterminedlevel,thestudentischallengedwithnewconcepts,orofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexam.Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.AndPhilipRegier,thedeanoftheuniversity’sonlinearm,saystherearenowplansfordoing“anentiredegreeadaptively”.

Somefirmspushthetechnologyfurther.Theirartificialintelligencesoftwareanalysesthedatacollectedtoconstantlytweakthewayitpresentsnewinformationtotheindividual.Withinafewweeks,claimtheirmakers,thesealgorithmscanevenidentifywhattimeofthedayastudentismostreceptivetolessonsinagivensubject.

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout“competency-basedlearning”?

3.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolismentionedinthepassageto（）.

4.Whatis“theideabehindthesoftware”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

問題1選項

A.takingexamsmakesmoststudentsnervousandstressful

B.sometimesmajorexamscandeterminepeople’sfuturecareerprospects

C.takinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarisafairwaytodeterminecompetence

D.manystudentspasstheexamsbecauseoftheirgoodluck

問題2選項

A.Itisasystemthatallowsstudentstoimprovetheircompetencyallbythemselves.

B.Itwouldmaketeachersverybusyintheclassroom.

C.Itrequiresstudentstoattendclassonline,andthustheyneednotgotoclassroomanymore.

D.Itrequiresmakingtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.

問題3選項

A.showthatthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS

B.illustratehowagoodhighschoolperformsincompetency-basedlearningandtesting

C.showhowthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisdesignedbyhighschoolsandcollegesacrosstheUS

D.illustratethatthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisveryimportantbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS

問題4選項

A.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent’sactivityoncoursewebsitestohelptoassesshiscompetence.

B.Itmoreemphasizesinformaltestsandquizzestoknowhowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.

C.Thestudentwillnotbeofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexamunlesshemanagestounderstandalltheconceptsinthetextbook.

D.Teachersmustrequirestudentstoreadtextsandwatchvideosoncoursewebsites.

問題5選項

A.Wemustgetridofthedreadedexamswiththehelpofcomputersoftware.

B.Sincecoursematerialsareofferedonline,teachersneednotcareaboutstudents’performanceintheclassroom.

C.Sincethecompetency-basedlearningapproachwasprovedsuccessfulinsomecases,weshouldtrytoadoptitinmoreschools.

D.Weshouldtrytodevelopnewartificialintelligencesoftwaretocollecttheprivateinformationofteachersandstudents.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.”，可知大考代表著一個一次性機會，將幾個月或者幾年學(xué)到的知識草草地寫到紙上，可能會毀掉或者成就一個人未來的職業(yè)前景。可推斷出一些考試確實能決定一個人的職業(yè)前景。選項B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.”，可知這種能力本位學(xué)習(xí)要求為每個學(xué)生定制不同的教育計劃。選項D符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“theVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.”，可知在基于能力的學(xué)習(xí)軟件的應(yīng)用方面，虛擬學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)院特許學(xué)校是一個突出的高中學(xué)校例子，可推斷出舉這個例子主要是為了描述以能力為基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)和測試在好的高中學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)。選項B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段第二句，“Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthat…toestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.”，她獲取學(xué)生在課程網(wǎng)站上的活動信息，他們訪問過的頁面等，實時確定學(xué)生對概念的理解程度?？赏茢喑鲞@個軟件是通過學(xué)生的活動信息來判斷他們的能力。選項A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句，“Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.”，可知自從這種基于能力的學(xué)習(xí)方法引入到亞利桑那州立大學(xué)的一些課程中，通過率提升了。所以可推斷出作者會贊同這種基于能力的學(xué)習(xí)方式應(yīng)該得到更多學(xué)校的采用。學(xué)習(xí)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.Thereallybigquestion,however,iswhetherthisisjustacyclicalblip,orthestartofatrulyhistoriclong-termtrend.

BothviewpointswillhavetheirsupportersinDavos.ThosewhopredictthecontinuingdominanceofthewesternworldwillarguethattheUSeconomyisalreadybeginningtorecoverandthatithasconsistentlysurprisedskepticswithitstechnologicalprowessandeconomicresilience.

AsforEurope,somebelievethattheeurozonecrisishasalreadypeaked.Theyarguethatmarketconfidenceisreturning,thattheGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealthandthattheEuropeanUnionisbeginningtoputinplacethereformsthatwillmakeEUmoreresilientandunifiedinfuture.

Optimismaboutwesternstrengthisoftencombinedwithcertainskepticismaboutthe"Asianmiracle".TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.SessionsonIndiawillhearcautionsabouteverythingfromcorruptiontowatershortageandarmedrebellionsinthecountryside.

Ingeneral,however,optimismaboutAsiaandpessimismaboutthewestislikelytobetheprevailingmood.EventhoughtheUSeconomyisnowgrowing,anapparentbudgetdeficitandarisingnational'debtpresentapictureofbotheconomicandpoliticalweakness.Similarly,thethreatofsovereign-debtcrisescontinuestohoverovertheEU—anditspoliticalresponsehassofarbeenanythingbutconvincing.

Theconventionalwisdomisthataprofoundshiftofeconomicandpoliticalpowerfromwesttoeastisindeedunderway.Thenextquestioniswhetherthetransitionwillbesmoothorturbulent.

Onceagain,bothsidesoftheargumentwillbeaired.Theoptimistswillarguethattheworldisalreadymovingtowardsanewphaseinthestoryofglobalization.TheybelievethatUSangeraboutallegedChinesecurrencymanipulationandmercantilismwillbeblunted,asChinaallowsitscurrencytoappreciateandastheChinesecomermarketbeanstofulfillitspotential.TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.Accordingtotheoptimisticscenario,thewesternworldwillabandonanyflirtationwithprotectionism,asitincreasinglyrealizesthatthegrowthmarketsforthewest'slargecompanieslieincountriessuchasChina,IndiaandBrazil.ThecurrentsurgeinEuropeancarsalestoChinacouldbecitedasanencouragingexampleofthistrend.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.ThethemeoftheDavosEconomicForumwouldbe（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheGermaneconomyis（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedasadragonChina'seconomicgrowthinthepassage?

5.TheChina-USrelationshipwillbeaverychallengingonebecause（）.

問題1選項

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

問題2選項

A.currentproblemsinworld'seconomicrecovery

B.therestructuringofworldeconomyinthepost-crisisera

C.continueddominanceofthewestintheworldeconomy

D.theneedtoaddressthelatestdevelopmentsintheworldeconomy

問題3選項

A.inverygoodshape

B.recoveringgradually

C.experiencingsomeproblems

D.undergoingreforms

問題4選項

A.ageingpopulation

B.highinflation

C.resourceshortages

D.China-USrelations

問題5選項

A.itishardtobalancethedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowers

B.itembodiesalltheproblemsbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers

C.itispartofthestoryofglobalization

D.theUSisangryaboutChina'seconomicandfinancialpractices

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.作者態(tài)度題。縱觀全文，作者在文章中只是客觀地講述和分析了世界各國的經(jīng)濟與政治情況，作者并沒有過多的發(fā)表自己的個人看法，所以在討論文章中的一些問題的時候，應(yīng)該是中立的態(tài)度。選項B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知隨著全球政治和商業(yè)精英齊聚達沃斯，占主導(dǎo)地位的經(jīng)濟和政治趨勢是明顯的。在大蕭條之后，西方和亞洲強國的不同命運已成為一個重要的主題。接下來的文章講述了不同國家的發(fā)展情況及整個世界的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展態(tài)勢?？赏茢喑鏊闹黝}應(yīng)該是危機過后世界經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整。選項B符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“theGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealth”，可知作為歐元區(qū)核心的德國，經(jīng)濟狀況是好的。選項A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.”，可知中國不斷上升的通脹，以及環(huán)境惡化和社會老齡化對中國構(gòu)成的長期風(fēng)險。所以中美關(guān)系在文中沒有提及。選項D符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知在大蕭條之后，西方和亞洲強國的不同命運已成為一個重要的主題。即西方和亞洲強國的經(jīng)濟實力存在差異。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.”，可知中美關(guān)系被視為發(fā)達國家與新興大國之間新關(guān)系的縮影。即中美之間的關(guān)系反映了發(fā)達國家與新興國家之間的財富差距。可推斷出中美關(guān)系具有挑戰(zhàn)性的原因在于很難平衡西方和亞洲強國的發(fā)展差距。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Hopehelps.Itkeepsusgoinginbleaktimesandamid（）news.Buthopehasmorecredibilitywhenwecanpointtothereasonforit.

問題1選項

A.disheartened

B.disheartening

C.enlightening

D.enlightened

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。disheartening“使沮喪”；disheartened“沮喪的”；enlightening“使人領(lǐng)悟的”；enlightened“被啟發(fā)的”。根據(jù)題意，空格中的形容詞用來形容news，形容物體用-ing形式的形容詞，選項A，D可排除。句意：希望是有幫助的。在暗淡的時光和令人沮喪的消息中，能夠保持繼續(xù)前進。但是希望更讓人信服，當(dāng)我們有理由去相信的時候。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

TheNigerPresidenthadcauseduneaseintheWestAfricancountryfollowinghisfailuretoorganizeelectionswhenhis（）elapsed.

問題1選項

A.tenancy

B.tension

C.territory

D.tenure

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞匯辨析。tenancy“租用，租賃，租賃期”；tension“緊張局勢”；territory“領(lǐng)地，領(lǐng)土”；tenure“任期”。句意：尼日爾總統(tǒng)任期結(jié)束后未能組織選舉，在這個西非國家引起了不安。選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

BesidesthoseIhavenamed,therewasnotinBritainthemanlivingwhomI（）,unlessitweretheDukeofWellington,whomIafterwardssawatWestminsterAbbey,atthefuneralofWilberforce.

問題1選項

A.caredforbeholding

B.caredtobehold

C.caredtobebeheld

D.caredforbeingbeheld

【答案】B

【解析】語法和固定搭配。caretodosth.“想做某事，愿意做某事”;carefor“關(guān)心，喜歡”；behold“看，看見”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格中應(yīng)該填入定語從句的謂語，先行詞為theman，關(guān)系代詞為whom，theman和behold之間是主動關(guān)系，選項C和D可排除。句意：除了我所提到的那些人以外，在英國沒有一個活著的人是我所愿意見到的，除非是Wellington,公爵，我后來在威伯福斯的葬禮上在威斯敏斯特大教堂見到了他。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Thatwouldcauseanoutcryandaddseveralpercentagepointstoinflation,andcouldeasilycheckspendingand（）therecoveryinitscradle.

問題1選項

A.impel

B.stage

C.strangle

D.invigorate

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。impel“趨使，推動”；stage“籌劃，舉行”；strangle“絞殺，使窒息”；invigorate“鼓舞”。句意：這將引起強烈的抗議，并且使通貨膨脹增加幾個百分點，而且會控制消費，使復(fù)蘇在搖籃中就被扼殺。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Forayoungmanofsuchscrupulousloyaltyandsolittleambitionthiswasadiscouragingstart.Despiteallhiscorrectness,heappearedtohaveblunderedandtohavestartedlife（）.

問題1選項

A.onwrongfeet

B.onhiswrongfeet

C.onthewrongfoot

D.onawrongfoot

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配onthewrongfeet“處于不利地位”，可排除A、B和D選項。句意：盡管他很正確，但是他似乎犯了大錯，使人生處于不利的處境。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Recently,JapaneseimportsofmanufacturedgoodsfromChinahavesurgedandthereputationofChineseproductshasimprovedsubstantially,givingrisetoconcernthatChinawillsoonreplaceJapanasthe"factoryoftheworld".AnobjectiveevaluationofChina'sindustrialstrength,however,suggeststhatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan.

Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexportsmeansthatitstradestructureistypicalofanewlyindustrializingeconomy(NIE).

Thisisdifferentfromthatofdevelopedcountries,wherethemajorexportitems,suchasmachinery,aretechnology-intensive.AlthoughChinaisincreasingitsshareoftheglobalmarketformanufacturedgoods,includingsomeinformation-technology(IT)productsthatareclassifiedashigh-tech,Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.Intheeaseoftelevisions,forinstance,Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.

ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.AccordingtoofficialChinesestatistics,increasingexportsbyUSS1millionrequiresimportingintermediategoodsandcomponentsworth$500,000,whichdonotformpartofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Moreover,theproportionofthisimportedcontentishigherforhigh-techthanforlow-techproducts.Acomputerlabeled"madeinChina"islikelytocontainalargeportionofimportedcontentsincludinganIntelcentralprocessingunit(CPU),MicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystem,andaliquidcrystaldisplaymadeinJapanorSouthKorea.

Inaddition,approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.EvenamongChinesecompanieswithnocapitalrelationswithoverseascompanies,themajorityoftheirexportsareprocessedunderOEM(originalequipmentmanufacturing)contractsandsoldwithforeignbrandnames.Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".ThelattercorrespondstotheconceptofChina'sgrossnationalproduct(GNP),andexcludesimportchargesonintermediategoodsandinvestmentincomepaidtooverseascountries.

Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.Ontopofthis;Chinesecompaniesareinferiortotheiroverseascounterpartsinvirtuallyeveryaspect,beitcapital,humanresources,orbusinessmanagement.Asaresult,Chinahasnooptionbuttolooktocheaplaborforitsexportcompetitiveness.Indeed,themajorityofChinascontributiontothevalue-addedofitsexportslieswiththecostoflabor,andtheverylowwagesinChina,averaginglessthan$100amonth,implythatthiscontributionmustbeverysmall.Assuch,thecommonassumptionthatChinesegoodsarecompetitivebecausethecountry'swagelevelsarelowholdstrueonlyforlabor-intensiveproductsanddoesnotnecessarilyapplytoindustryasawhole.Instead,China'slowwagesshouldbeinterpretedasareflectionofthefactthatitslaborproductivityispoor.ItiswhenChina'swagelevelsapproachthoseofJapan,reflectingariseinproductivity,whichChinawillreallybecomeaformidablecompetitorforJapan.

1.Whydoestheauthorsay"thereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan"?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,what'sthedifferencebetweenproductslabeled"madeinChina"andthoselabeled"madebyChina'?

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecompetitivenessofJapan'sproducts?

4.Theword“subsidiaries”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.China'stradestructureisstilllaggingbehindthatofdevelopedcountries.

B.China'sexportgoodsarenotascompetitiveasJapan's.

C.WithoutforeignhelpandadvancedtechnologyChinacannotproducemostofitsproducts.

D.Chinaisstillfacedwiththeproblemsofbackwardtradestructure,low-techandlabor-intensiveproducts.

問題2選項

A.Productslabeled"madeinChina"arehigh-techproductswhilethelatterarenot.

B.WhetherChinaisthemanufactureroftheoriginalpartofproductsandsellsthoseproductswithChinesebrandnames.

C.WhetherChinesecompaniesaresubsidiariesofforeigncompanies.

D.WhetherChinesecompaniesaredependentonforeignpartners.

問題3選項

A.Japandoesn'texportlower-endproducts.

B.Japanisthe'factoryoftheworld".

C.Japan'smajorexportitemsarehigh-techproductsandcompetitiveinbusinessmanagement.

D.Japandoesn'tputstressonprocessinggoods.

問題4選項

A.furnishingaids

B.asumofmoney

C.assistants

D.affiliates

問題5選項

A.Chinaisn'taDevelopedCountry.

B.So-called'MadeinChina'Label.

C.JapanWon'tFear'MadeinChina'Label.

D.ChinaWillReplaceJapanastheFactoryofWorld.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段和第三段，“Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexports…Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.”，可知二三段總結(jié)了中國工業(yè)發(fā)展的問題，包括勞動密集型產(chǎn)品占比重過高，中國出口仍高度集中于低端產(chǎn)品?？赏茢喑鲋袊匀幻媾R貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)落后、科技含量低、勞動密集型產(chǎn)品等問題。選項D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.”，可知“中國制造”的商品含有大量海外零部件，其中一些是日本制造的，這反映出中國對加工貿(mào)易的重視。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".”，可知產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)不在中國?？赏茢喑鲋袊圃旌椭袊鴦?chuàng)造的區(qū)別在于中國是否是原裝產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)商，并銷售那些有中國品牌的產(chǎn)品。選項B符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.”，可知日本生產(chǎn)高清和高端機型。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.”，可知中國嚴(yán)重依賴外國合作伙伴，以至于尚未開發(fā)出自己的尖端技術(shù)和國際知名品牌?？赏茢喑鋈毡镜闹饕隹诋a(chǎn)品是高科技產(chǎn)品，在企業(yè)管理方面具有競爭優(yōu)勢。選項C符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“…approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.”，可知中國大約一半的出口產(chǎn)品是由外國公司的子公司生產(chǎn)的，必須向這些子公司支付股息、利息、特許權(quán)使用費和其他費用?？芍猻ubsidiaries意思為子公司。選項D符合題意。

5.主旨題。文章第一段提出中國很快取代日本成為“世界工廠”的觀點，接下里討論了中國工業(yè)發(fā)展過程中面臨的問題，最終得出結(jié)論中國成為高端科技的工業(yè)國還需要更多的時間和努力，所以目前中國可能還不是日本的競爭對手和威脅因素?？赏茢喑鋈毡緹o懼“中國制造”是符合整個文章意思的。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

DavidCameronputBritain’sfuture（

）,inanaudaciousgamblethatunitedhisConservativePartybutwhichcouldhaveprofoundimplicationsforthepartyandthecountry.

問題1選項

A.inline

B.intheline

C.online

D.ontheline

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。inline“成一排”；intheline“在列隊中”；online“在線的”；ontheline“處于危險中”。句意：戴維?卡梅倫將英國的未來置于危險中，在一場無畏的賭博中，將保守黨統(tǒng)一在一起，卻能給保守黨個整個國家?guī)硪饬x深遠的影響。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

（）hewasintheUnitedStatesasstudentstudyingcomputerscience,butinrealityhewasspyingonSiliconValleyfirmsforGunDapSystems,hisemployer.

問題1選項

A.Disingenuously

B.Discretely

C.Officiously

D.Ostensibly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。disingenuously“不誠實地”；discretely“離散地”；officiously“過分殷勤地，非官方地”；ostensibly“表面上，外表”。句意：表面上他在美國學(xué)習(xí)計算機科學(xué)，但實際上，他是在為他的雇主GunDapSystems監(jiān)視硅谷的公司。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Fiveyearsago,thatcoupleboughtthehouse（）_makingaquickprofitoutofit.

問題1選項

A.witheyesopento

B.ingoodeyesat

C.withaneyeto

D.byaneyeat

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。withaneyeto“著眼于，指望著”為固定搭配。沒有A、B和D項的搭配，可排除。句意：五年前，那對夫婦買下這所房子，希望能很快從中獲利。選項C符合題意。

12.單選題

Itisreportedthathemeanstoexchangeintoanotherregiment,（）forthepurposeofseparatinghimselffromme.

問題1選項

A.avowingly

B.avowing

C.avowed

D.avowedly

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。avowing“承認(rèn)，公開宣稱”；avowed“公開宣布的”；avowedly“公然地”?？崭駪?yīng)該用副詞來修飾整個句子。句意：據(jù)報道他打算調(diào)到另一個政權(quán)，目的是公然地和我劃清界限。選項D符合題意。

13.翻譯題

Iamgratefulfortheinvitationtoparticipateinthisimportantconference,andIinterpretitasevidencethatstudentsofcreativitythemselvespossessthesensitivitytodivergentapproachesthattheyseektoidentifyinothers.ButIamnotaltogethersanguineabouttheoutcomeofyourexperimentwithme.Asmostofyoualreadyknow,Iamnopsychologist,butratheranex-physicistnowworkinginthehistoryofscience.Probablymyconcernisnolesswithcreativitythanyourown,butmygoals,mytechniques,andmysourcesofevidencearesoverydifferentfromyoursthatIamfarfromsurehowmuchwedo,orevenshould,havetosaytoeachother.Thesereservationsimplynoapology;rathertheyhintatmycentralthesis.Inthesciences,asIshallsuggestbelow,itisoftenbettertodoone’sbestwiththetoolsathandthantopauseforcontemplationofdivergentapproaches.Ifapersonofmybackgroundandinterestshasanythingrelevanttosuggesttothisconference,itwillnotbeaboutyourcentralconcerns,thecreativepersonalityanditsearlyidentification.Butimplicitinthenumerousworkingpapersdistributedtoparticipantsinthisconferenceisanimageofthescientificprocessandofthescientist;thatimagealmostcertainlyconditionsmanyoftheexperimentsyoutryaswellastheconclusionsyoudraw;andaboutitthehistorianmaywellhavesomethingtosay.Ishallrestrictmyattentiontooneaspectofthisimage--anaspectepitomizedasfollowsinoneoftheworkingpapers:Thebasicscientist“mustlackprejudicetoadegreewherehecanlookatthemost‘self-evident’factsorconceptswithoutnecessarilyacceptingthem,and,conversely,allowhisimaginationtoplaywiththemostunlikelypossibilities”.Inthemoretechnicallanguagesuppliedbyotherworkingpapers,thisaspectoftheimagerecursasanemphasisupon“divergentthinking,thefreedomtogooffindifferentdirections,...rejectingtheoldsolutionandstrikingoutinsomenewdirection.”Idonotatalldoubtthatthisdescriptionof“divergentthinking”andtheconcomitantsearchforthoseabletodoitareentirelyproper.Somedivergencecharacterizesallscientificwork,andgiganticdivergenceslieatthecoreofthemostsignificantepisodesinscientificdevelopment.Butbothmyownexperienceinscientificresearchandmyreadingofthehistoryofsciencesleadmetowonderwhetherflexibilityandopen-mindednesshavenotbeentooexclusivelyemphasizedasthecharacteristicsrequisiteforbasicresearch.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

正如你們大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)知道的那樣，我不是心理學(xué)家，而是現(xiàn)在從事科學(xué)歷史工作的一位前物理學(xué)家。也許我對創(chuàng)造力的關(guān)心程度不比你們少，但是我的目標(biāo)、技巧和證據(jù)來源與你的有很大的不同，以至于不確定我們要做多少，或者應(yīng)該對彼此說多少。這些保留并不意味著一種辯護，相反它們暗示了我的中心論點。在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，正如以下我暗示到的，與其停下來去沉思不同的方法，不如好好利用手頭的工具。

我將把我的注意力集中于這個形象的一個方面，我在論文中將這個方面進行了概括：基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)家“一定要沒有偏見，達到一種能查看‘不言自明’的事物或概念的程度，并且沒有必要接受它們，相反地，允許自己的想象力發(fā)揮到最不可能的可能。

”我對“發(fā)散思維”的描述一點都不覺得懷疑，對那些能夠進行發(fā)散思維的人伴隨進行的搜尋是完全恰當(dāng)?shù)?。所有的科學(xué)工作者都存在分歧，并且巨大的分歧在科學(xué)發(fā)展中存在于意義最為深重的核心中。但是通過我自己的科學(xué)研究經(jīng)歷和對科學(xué)史的閱讀，我懷疑靈活性和無偏見是否被專有地強調(diào)成為基礎(chǔ)研究的必要特征。

14.單選題

（）whethertheloanproposalismadebyagovernment,stateenterpriseorprivatecorporation,anappraisaloftheeconomicandpoliticalsituationoftheborrower’scountrymustbemadetoassesstheriskinvolved.

問題1選項

A.Dependingon

B.Notwithstanding

C.irrespectiveof

D.Onaccountof

【答案】C

【解析】從屬連詞詞義辨析。dependingon“取決于”；notwithstanding“盡管”；irrespectiveof“不論，不顧”；onaccountof“由于，因為”。句意：不管是由政府提出的貸款，國有企業(yè)還是私營企業(yè)的貸款，必須對借款國的經(jīng)濟和政治情況進行評估，以預(yù)估所涉的風(fēng)險。選項C符合題意。

15.單選題

Manypeoplewhoareotherwisecommittedtolow-carbonlife-styleswill（）fromparticipatinginanactionthatmightinvolvesignificantlevelsofpoliceharassmentorevenviolence.

問題1選項

A.takeoff

B.betakenoff

C.putoff

D.beputoff

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配和語法題。takeoff“離開，起飛”；putoff“脫下”。句意：許多堅持低碳生活的人將拒絕參加那些大量警察干預(yù)甚至暴力的行動。所以是主動從這些活動中離開，不參加。選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Thatpublicfigurewasreally（）forsayingthosethingsinpublic,eventhoughpeoplecanunderstandhimandseehispointofviewonthematter.

問題1選項

A.behindthelines

B.outofline

C.offtheline

D.inhisline

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。behindthelines“在后方；繩子的背后”，outofline“不協(xié)調(diào)，違規(guī)”，offtheline“打完電話”，沒有搭配inhisline。句意：那位公眾人物在公共場合說那些話真是不合規(guī)矩，盡管人們能理解他，也能看到他對這件事情的看法。選項B符合題意。

17.單選題

Themethodofsciencedoesnotseektoimposethedesiresandhopesofmenuponthefluxofthingsinacapriciousmanner.Itmayindeedbeemployedtosatisfythedesiresofmen.Butitssuccessfulusedependsuponseeking,inadeliberatemanner,andirrespectiveofwhatmen’sdesiresare,torecognize,aswellastotakeadvantageof,thestructurewhichthefluxpossesses.

Consequently,scientificmethodaimstodiscoverwhatthefactstrulyare,andtheuseofthemethodmustbeguidedbythediscoveredfacts.But,aswehaverepeatedlypointedout,whatthefact