2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試-英語試題(全國乙卷)

2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試題（全國乙卷）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需

改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，

寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)

涂到答題卡上。

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅

讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

￡19.

答案是A。

1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Havebreakfast.

B.Takeawalk.

C.Callhisoffice.

2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?

A.Havingameeting.

B.Flyinghome.

C.Workingonaproject.

3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?

A.It'sbig.

B.It'squiet.

C.It'snew.

4.Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Annoyed.

B.Pleased.

C.Puzzled.

5.Whereistheman'stable?

A.Nearthedoor.

B.Bythewindow.

C.Inthecorner.

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)

選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；

聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?

A.Eatout.

B.Goshopping.

C.Dosports.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Bossandsecretary.

B.Hostessandguest.

C.Husbandandwife.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?

A.Theirbusinessisslow.

B.Theweatherisfavorable.

C.It'seasytohirepeople.

9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?

A.Finishitallatonce.

B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.

C.Doonedepartmentatatime.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?

A.Howtoappreciateartworks.

B.Howtodealwithartists.

C.Howtorunamuseum.

11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?

A.Hestudiedatacollege.

B.Heservedinthearmy.

C.Heworkedinagallery.

12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?

A.Rembrandt,s.

B.Botticelli's.

C.Rubens?.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atalibrary.

B.Inalawfirm.

C.Onatrain.

14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?

A.March.

B.August.

C.October

15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?

A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.

B.Hewasofferedabetterone.

C.Hegottiredofit.

16.WhatisSusan，sattitudetoJohn'sproblem?

A.Carefree.

B.Understanding.

C.Forgiving.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?

18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?

A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.

B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.

C.Hewonfifthplace.

19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?

A.Gettingoveraninjury.

B.Doingstrengthtraining.

C.RepresentingBotswana.

20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.Hisplantogoforthegold.

B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.

C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

HenryRaeburn（1756-1823）

TheExhibition

Thisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkof

Scotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selected

fromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhis

worktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPortrait（肖像畫）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflectures

forthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissionto

lecturesisfree.

AnIntroductiontoRaeburnRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries

DUNCANTHOMSONJUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburnandArtistsTraininginthe

RaeburnsPortraits18thCentury

NICHOLASPHILLIPSONMARTINPOSTLE

ExhibitionTimes

Closed:24-26Decemberand1January

Admission

￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallin

full-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,in

organisedgroupswithteachers.

21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries

A.Sun.26Oct.

C.Thurs.6Nov.

D.Thurs.13Nov.

22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?

A.￡4.

B.￡8.

C.￡12.

D.￡16.

23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?

A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.

B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.

D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

B

SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoes

wereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthe

subjectofNothingDaunted'.TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsinthe

WestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff?s

granddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,

theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittle

privacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupin

themorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhouse

tofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedby

mudoverice.

InWickenden,sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoon

feminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.A

hair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed（牽

涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.Thebookends

withRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism

（堅(jiān)忍）ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.Hereisapictureof

DorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesun

slippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafull

moonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and

varyinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”

24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.

B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.

D.Todosightseeing.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.

B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.

D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

26.WhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.

B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.

D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

27.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.

B.Abookreview.

C.Achildren'sstory.

D.Adiaryentry.

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityof

railwaysand,atthesametime,helpraiIwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuros

eachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthe

sky“technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracks

andinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.They

coulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervital

aspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracks

andswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailway

safety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecut

andoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionof

railwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespend

approximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsending

maintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.

Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'

efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-

valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,before

theycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforrail

don'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:

theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthe

train,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysmalldroneswithadvanced

sensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.

Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-

movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.

B.Drones,abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.

D.Drones,reliableperformanceinremoteareas.

29.Whatdoes“maintenance“underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.

B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.

D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

A.Toprovideearlywarning.

B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.

D.Toacceleratetransportation.

31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

D

TheGovernment?ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoney

asMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthe

policyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinks

containingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreduce

childhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday?schildrenandteenagers

areconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthemata

higherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.

However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthis

amount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril

2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheir

sugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.

Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers?

effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinks

companieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugary

drinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthe

sugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruit

juices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asare

smallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.

Today?sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositive

influencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsports

facilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgeneration

tohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustry

isplayingitspart.

32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchin

education.

33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheir

products.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts?

sugarcontent.

34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.

ClassicCoke.

35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Hereare

fivewaystosustain（保持）long-distancefriendships.

,Setaregulardate

Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequally

contact（聯(lián)系）andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezingin

phonecallscanbeachallenge.36.

,Moreisn'talwaysmerrier

Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeach

ofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.37.

Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoice

messagesorhavingagroupchat.

,Practiseempathy（共情）

38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoallthe

additionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenew

environmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeel

abandoned.

?39

Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distance

friendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,

extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeeps

trackoffriends?birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothing

slipsbyyou.

,Don'trelyontechnologyalone

40,butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones-mayrequiremore

consciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.How

todoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.

A.Rememberimportantdates

B.Compensatebywritingletters

C.Itisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeper

D.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit

E.Friendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunication

F.Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia

G.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind

第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處

的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.For

them,there,ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout_41_someoneelse'sglance

andmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably_42_at

hiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestof

theirbodies_43—.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas_44_asevidencethat

childrenarehopelessly“egocentric”（自我中心的）creatures.Butour_45—

researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology_46_thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabat

USC.Each_47_satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor_48_.We

thenaskedthechildifshecould_49_orheartheadult.Surprisingly,

childrenrepliedthattheycouldn,t.Thesame_50_happenedwhentheadult

coveredherownmouth:_51_childrensaidthattheycouldn,t_52_toher.

Anumberof_53_ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywere

beingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects_54_thequestions

andknew_55_whatwasaskedofthem.Their_56_tothequestionsreflected

theirtrue_57—that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too."They

simply_58_mutual（相互的）recognitionandregard.Our_59_suggestwhena

child“hides“byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultof

egocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod1_60_whenothersuseit

41.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.

directing

42.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.

quick

43.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.

imbalanced

44.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.

interpreted

45.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.

desired

46.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.

tested

47.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.

doctor

48.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears

49.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool

50.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.

accident

51.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once

52.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave

53.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.

assumptions

54.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored

55.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly

56.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.

sensitivity

57.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.

purpose

58.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.

makeup

59.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings

60.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.

effective

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamed

officially_61___theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Tocelebrate

___62_festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessman

MuseuminBeijingonThursday.

ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety_63_(address)the

openingceremony."AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,the

birthplaceofteaandthe_64_(large)tea-producingcountr