重慶市南開中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)英語試題【含答案】

重慶市高2024屆高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷由四個(gè)部分組成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題。第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題。共150分，共12頁。2.全部答案在答題卡上相應(yīng)區(qū)域內(nèi)完成，在本試卷上作答無效。選擇題請(qǐng)使用2B鉛筆填涂，非選擇題請(qǐng)使用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答。要求字體工整、筆跡清晰。3.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡規(guī)定的地方填寫好個(gè)人信息，并認(rèn)真核對(duì)答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼是否與本人的信息一致。4.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié);滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whichanimaldoesthemanthinkisthemostspecial?A.Birds.B.Ducks.C.Horses.2.Whereisthewomangoingtonight?A.Thestadium.B.Thelibrary.C.Thecafe.3.Whatwillthemanhavefortomorrow’sbreakfast?A.Eggrolls.B.Friedeggs.C.Boiledeggs.4.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthenewtowels?A.They’requiteuseful.B.They’reabitexpensive.C.They’reverycomfortable.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asciencefictionmovie.B.AnewGPSdevice.C.Achatrobot.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatdidMaxdothismorning?A.Hehadawalk.B.Heatesomebeef.C.Hecleanedthefloor.7.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Sorry.B.Happy.C.Angry.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatistheman’smajorconcernaboutusinggas?A.Itcoststoomuchinwinter.B.Itwillcauseenvironmentalpollution.C.Itinvolvesariskofblowingupthehouse.9.Whatsourceofenergywillthespeakersusetoheatthehouse?A.Coal.B.Solarpower.C.Windenergy.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthewomanfindthepoemshard?A.Theyfocusonsomedifficulttopics.B.Theyarewrittenindifferentlanguages.C.Theyhaveexistedforquitealongtime.11.Whatdayisittoday?A.Saturday.B.Sunday.C.Monday.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Husbandandwife.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onabeach.B.Inthewoods.C.Attheirhome.14.Whatdidthewomandointhemorning?A.Shestoredwaterinthevehicle.B.Shetookapictureofthevehicle.C.Shefilledthevehicleupwithgas.15.WhatseasonisitnowinScotland?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Winter.16.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Takeashower.B.Turntheheaton.C.Checktheamountofgas.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Reportingastudyonnovels.B.Introducingsomebooks.C.Teachingawritingclass.18.WhenwillTheDarkbepublished?A.In7days.B.In10days.C.In13days.19.WhichcountrydoesJohnClarkecomefrom?A.Japan.B.Australia.C.TheUS.20.Wherecanthelistenersgetmoreinformation?A.Fromalibrary.B.FromtheInternet.C.Fromabookstore.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié);滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AUniqueBirthdayTraditionsTheeditorsofourinternationaleditionssharetraditionsreservedforcountingyourselfoneyearolder.Lithuania“Inmynativecountry,itiscustomaryforthebirthdaypersontositinadecoratedchairandtobeliftedupbythepartyguests,”sayseditorEvaMackevic.“Howmanytimesthechairisraisedwillcorrespondwithhisorherage.”JapanInJapan,whenachildturnsone,aceremonycallederabitoriisheld,wherethebirthdaychildchoosesfromaselectionofitemsspreadoutaroundthatrepresentthepotentialfuture.Whenapersonturns20,acoming-of-agecelebrationwillbeheldonthesecondMondayJanuary.TheNetherlandsWhensomeoneturns50,alargedollwillbeplacedinthebirthdayperson’sgardenorbyheirfrontdoor;menhavean“Abraham”doll,womena“Sarah”,basedonaBiblepassage.AustraliaAchild’sfirstbirthdayisoftencelebratedwithballoonsandspeciallymade“fairybread”.SomefamiliesinAustraliaalsomarktheageof21withasouvenir“keytothedoor”,representingtheyoungadult’sprivilegetocomeandgofromthefamilyhomeastheyplease.Germany“InGermany,whenunmarriedmenturnthirty,theyaresupposedtosweepthestairsofthelocalchurchortownhall,”editorMichaelKallingersays,“whilewomenhavetodealwiththedoorhandle.”Thispublicactismeanttoembarrassthepersonandmotivatethemtomarry.1.Whichispartofaone-year-oldboy’sbirthdaycelebrationinJapan?A.Predictingtheboy’sfuture. B.Decidingtheboy’scareer.C.Seekingitemsatthebirthdayparty. D.Holdingacoming-of-ageceremony.2.Whatdoesthe“keytothedoor”symbolize-inAustralia?A.Lovefromparents. B.Timetomoveout.C.Endofthe21stbirthday. D.Recognitionofindependence.3.Inwhichcountrycouldabirthdaytraditioninvolvecleaninginpublicplaces?A.Germany. B.Australia.C.Lithuania. D.TheNetherlands.【答案】1.A2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了世界一些國家獨(dú)特的生日傳統(tǒng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“InJapan,whenachildturnsone,aceremonycallederabitoriisheld,wherethebirthdaychildchoosesfromaselectionofitemsspreadoutaroundthatrepresentthepotentialfuture.(在日本，當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子滿一歲時(shí)，會(huì)舉行一個(gè)叫做“erabitori”的儀式，在這個(gè)儀式上，過生日的孩子會(huì)從一系列的物品中選擇，這些物品分布在周圍，代表著潛在的未來)”可知，在日本，一歲的孩子在生日派對(duì)上在代表著未來的物品中進(jìn)行選擇，即預(yù)測(cè)男孩的未來，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“SomefamiliesinAustraliaalsomarktheageof21withasouvenir“keytothedoor”,representingtheyoungadult’sprivilegetocomeandgofromthefamilyhomeastheyplease.(澳大利亞的一些家庭還會(huì)用一把紀(jì)念品“門鑰匙”來紀(jì)念21歲，這代表著年輕人可以隨心所欲地進(jìn)出家里)”可知，在澳大利亞家庭中，房門鑰匙象征著孩子來去自由的權(quán)利，即對(duì)獨(dú)立的承認(rèn)，故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段““InGermany,whenunmarriedmenturnthirty,theyaresupposedtosweepthestairsofthelocalchurchortownhall,”editorMichaelKallingersays,“whilewomenhavetodealwiththedoorhandle.”(編輯MichaelKallinger說：“在德國，當(dāng)未婚男性30歲時(shí)，他們應(yīng)該打掃當(dāng)?shù)亟烫没蚴姓d的樓梯，而女性則必須處理門把手?！?”可知，在德國，未婚男性滿30歲時(shí)，他們需要打掃當(dāng)?shù)亟烫没蛘哒臉翘?，女性則處理門把手，即在德國，過生日的傳統(tǒng)包含了打掃公共場(chǎng)所，故選A。BFormostoftheyear,EmbletonBayisalmostdeserted,amagicalcurveofsandonedgeoftheworld.ThisiswherethepupilsofEmbletonPrimarySchool,abeachschool,averyFriday——tolearn.NicolaThrelfall,headteacheroftheschool,saysthatteachersemployarangeteachingmethodstorealizeteachingobjectives,frommoretraditionalwrittenworktoteachpathsinthesandwithsticks,coveringdiversetopics.Sometimestheenvironmentitselfworkswonder.Nicolaexplainstherearehugebenefitstogivingchildrentheopportunitytojust“be”.Watchingthewaves,lyingonthesandfeelingthewindandsunontheirfaces,orrollingdownsanddunesareallanessentialpartofthebeach-schoolexperience,enablingchildren,toexplore,testtheirownlimitsandunderstandtheirplaceintheirenvironment.Onlineresourcesareprovided,too,intermsofengagingchildrenandfosteringaninterestinbeaches.Duringlockdown,thestudentsenjoyedavirtualonlinelecturewiththeRockPoolProject,asocialgroupthatencouragespeopleofallagestodiscovermarinelife.Duringthewintermonths,sandblowsinripplesacrossthebeachunderthebitingnorthwinds.Howdothechildrencopewiththedifficultweather?Nicolasaystheyliketogetthekidsoutonthebeachinallweather.Ifit’sraining,theyheadtothebirdhide;whenit’scold,thekidswarmupbydoingmorephysicalactivities.Onwarmerdays,theysitonpicnictablesoutsidetoenjoytheirlunch.Thebeachiswithinwalkingdistanceoftheschoolgatesbuttheonekilometredownthehill-andanotheronebackupstillproveschallengingforlittlelegs.Nicolaconfirmsthatnoticeableimprovementinthechildren’senduranceandfitnesslevelisoneofthemainadvantages.EmbletonPrimarySchoolisdemonstratinghowsuccessfuloutdoorlearningcanbe.CanmoreschoolmodifyThecurriculumtoincluderegulartimeoutsidefortheirstudents?4.Howdoestheschoolcarryoutoutdoorlearning?ABygivinglecturesregularly.B.Byintegratingdiverseapproaches.C.Byinspiringstudentstowritemore.D.Bycenteringonenvironmentalissues.5.Whatdoteachersdointoughwinterdays?A.Shortenbeachhours. B.Adjuststudentactivities.C.Postponeoutdoorevents. D.Changeteachingobjectives.6.Howdoestheauthorfindthebeachlessons?A.Fully-researched. B.Widely-provided.C.Confidence-boosting. D.Character-building.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.StartfromBeach B.LivewithSealifeC.EnjoyBeachActivities D.ReformFutureEducation【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹Embleton小學(xué)的戶外學(xué)習(xí)，海灘教育?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“NicolaThrelfall,headteacheroftheschool,saysthatteachersemployarangeteachingmethodstorealizeteachingobjectives,frommoretraditionalwrittenworktoteachpathsinthesandwithsticks,coveringdiversetopics.(該校校長尼古拉·特雷福(NicolaThrelfall)表示，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)，教師們采用了多種教學(xué)方法，從更傳統(tǒng)的書面作業(yè)到用棍子在沙地上走小路，涵蓋了多種主題。)”第三段第一句“Sometimestheenvironmentitselfworkswonder.(有時(shí)環(huán)境本身也能創(chuàng)造奇跡)”以及第四段第一句“Onlineresourcesareprovided,too,intermsofengagingchildrenandfosteringaninterestinbeaches.(在吸引兒童和培養(yǎng)對(duì)海灘的興趣方面，也提供了在線資源)”可知，開展戶外學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，學(xué)校老師采用了不同教學(xué)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)，利用環(huán)境自身及網(wǎng)上資源，也就是整合了不同的方法。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Ifit’sraining,theyheadtothebirdhide;whenit’scold,thekidswarmupbydoingmorephysicalactivities.Onwarmerdays,theysitonpicnictablesoutsidetoenjoytheirlunch.(如果下雨，它們會(huì)去鳥窩；天冷的時(shí)候，孩子們通過做更多的體育活動(dòng)來暖身。天氣暖和的時(shí)候，他們會(huì)坐在外面的野餐桌上享用午餐)”由此可推，根據(jù)天氣狀況，調(diào)整學(xué)生活動(dòng)，故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第二句“Nicolaconfirmsthatnoticeableimprovementinthechildren’senduranceandfitnesslevelisoneofthemainadvantages.(尼古拉證實(shí)，孩子們的耐力和體能水平的顯著提高是主要優(yōu)勢(shì)之一)”可知作者覺得海灘課程是品格塑造的體現(xiàn)。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通覽全文內(nèi)容，多次出現(xiàn)beach，可知本文緊緊圍繞“beachlearning”展開，以及文章最后一段提出的呼吁，由此可以推出A為正確答案，能夠概括本文的大意，適合作為文章標(biāo)題，即從海灘出發(fā)，進(jìn)行教育，故選A。CArecentNewYorkTimesopinionpiecebyDanielWillinghamaddressedthequestionofwhetherlisteningtoabookisthesameasreadingit.Willinghambeginsthepiecewithafrequentlyaskedquestion—IsitcheatingifIlistentoanaudiobookformybookclub?Willinghamarguesthatthey’rebothworthwhilebutiscarefultonotethatdoesn’tmeantheyhavethesamevalue.Inlinewithhispointsinthearticle,IlistentoaudiobookswhenIwouldn’totherwisebeengagedinabook—say,atthegymorwhilewalking.That’scertainlyanadvantageoflisteningoverreading.ButIwassurprisedtofindthatWillinghamdidn’tmentionwhatIconsidertobethebiggestdifferencebetweenthetwo:Engagement.Thecriticaldifference,forme,betweenreadingandlisteningisthatreadingissomethingyoudo,whilelisteningissomethingthathappenstoyou.Readingisanactofengagement.Thewordsonthepagearen’tgoingtoreadthemselves,whichissomethingtheyliterallydoinanaudiobook.Ifyou’renotactivelytakinginwritteninformation,thenyou’renotgoingtomakeprogressonthebook.Audiobooks,ontheotherhand,makeprogresswithorwithoutyourparticipation.Willinghamreferstothispointbysayingthatharderbooks—“difficulttexts”ashecallsthem—requiremoreengagement,whichisthusbettersuitedtoreading.Yetit’snotnecessarilytrue.Forexample,I’verecentlybeenlisteningtoDavidGraeber’sexcellentDebt:TheFirst5000Years,atoughreadwithlotsofinformationandarguments.WhileIhaven’tgraspedeverypieceofinformationthathe’spresented,IhavespentalotmoretimethinkingaboutanimportanttopicthanIotherwisewould.Thisfill-in-the-cracksnatureofaudiobooksisacriticaladvantage.Ultimately,it’sfairtoconsideraudiobooksandwrittentextsasfundamentallydifferentmedia.Theyaredifferentformsbasedonthesamework.Youroptiondependsonwhatyouarewillingtogivetoit(time,aboveall)andwhatyouhopetogetoutofit.8.WhatisanadvantageofaudiobooksaccordingtoWillingham?A.Cuttingdownone’sreadingtime. B.Increasingabsorptionofknowledge.C.Providingmoreflexibleaccesstoinformation. D.Encouragingfurtherthinkingonserioustopics.9.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofreading?A.Ithelpsthegeneralideatostandout. B.Itsuitspeopleworkingondifficulttexts.C.Itspeedsupreaders’progressonthebook. D.Itrequiresmoreparticipationfromreaders.10.WhydoesthewritermentionDebt:TheFirst5000Years?A.Todemonstratewhatmakesatoughread. B.Toshowwhyaudiobooksattractlisteners.C.Toproveaudiobooksalsosuithardtexts. D.Tostressreadingcanalsotakehugeeffort.11.Whatcanwelearnabouttextsandaudiobooksfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyinvolvesimilarefforts. B.Theyproveequallydemanding.C.Theyhavedistinctusergroups. D.Theyservedifferentpurposes.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了有聲讀物和紙質(zhì)書的閱讀區(qū)別以及作者對(duì)這兩種閱讀方式的看法?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inlinewithhispointsinthearticle,IlistentoaudiobookswhenIwouldn’totherwisebeengagedinabook—say,atthegymorwhilewalking.(與他在文章中的觀點(diǎn)一致，我在不看書的時(shí)候聽有聲讀物，比如在健身房或散步的時(shí)候)”可知，本文作者在自己沒辦法看紙質(zhì)書的時(shí)候（健身或走路時(shí)）會(huì)選擇聽書，這和DanielWillingham的觀點(diǎn)一致，即有聲書可以提供更靈活的獲取信息的渠道。故選C。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Readingisanactofengagement.(閱讀是一種參與的行為)”可知，作者認(rèn)為需要讀者更多的參與，故選D。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Willinghamreferstothispointbysayingthatharderbooks—“difficulttexts”ashecallsthem—requiremoreengagement,whichisthusbettersuitedtoreading.Yetit’snotnecessarilytrue.Forexample,I’verecentlybeenlisteningtoDavidGraeber’sexcellentDebt:TheFirst5000Years,atoughreadwithlotsofinformationandarguments.(Willingham提到了這一點(diǎn)，他說更難的書——他稱之為“難讀的文本”——需要更多的投入，因此更適合閱讀。但這并不一定正確。例如，我最近一直在聽大衛(wèi)·格雷伯的優(yōu)秀著作《債務(wù)：最初的5000年》，這是一本包含大量信息和論點(diǎn)的好書)”可知，第一句先概括了Willingham的觀點(diǎn)，即“文本難度大的書更適合閱讀而不是聽”，作者對(duì)此表示反對(duì)，并用自己聽Debt:TheFirst5000Years的經(jīng)歷進(jìn)行論證，可知提到Debt:TheFirst5000Years是為了證明有聲書也適用于難的文本。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Youroptiondependsonwhatyouarewillingtogivetoit(time,aboveall)andwhatyouhopetogetoutofit.(你的選擇取決于你愿意付出什么（時(shí)間，最重要的是），以及你希望從中得到什么)”可知，選擇紙質(zhì)書還是有聲書取決于讀者希望從中獲取什么，由此可推出紙質(zhì)書和有聲書契合不同的目的，故選擇D。DInsomespecies,whentheconditionsgettough,thebodyhitsthebrakes,loweringbodytemperature,slowingthespeedofconsumingenergytoasnail’spaceandenteringastateknownastorpor.Humansdonotentertorpor,buttheconditionmightofferbenefitsacrosssituationsasseeminglyunrelatedasintensivecareunit(ICU)staysandlong-distancespacetravel.Usingultrasound(超聲)wavestargetedatadeepregionofthebrain,researchersatWashingtonUniversitycreatedatorpor-likestateinmice.Micecannaturallyenterthisstate,sothescientistsalsotestedthetechniqueinrats,animalswhichdon’tentertorporbynature.Thefindings,publishedonMay25thinNatureMetabolism,couldpotentiallyinformresearchontargetingdifferentbrainareaswithultrasoundtoregulateotherbodilyactivities.Withouthavingtophysicallyinvadethetargets’heads,theapproachisanimportantstepinadvancingtorportowardhumanuse,saysMichaelAmbler,aresearcherand,lecturerstudyingtorporattheUniversityofBristolinEngland.Someearliereffortsreliedoninjectingageneintothetargeted-brain-region-to-assist-in-producingatorpor-likestatewithlightordrugs.Suchinvasiveapproachesareunlikelytogainapprovalforhumanuse,Amblersays,makingthenewstudy“anextremelyinterestingpieceofwork.”Ifthisnoninvasiveapproachweretobecomepossibleinhumans,onepotentialusewouldbetobuyheartattackpatientstimeintransporttothehospital.IntheICU,torporcouldalsobeappliedbeforedrugsandmonitoringareinvolvedinpatientcare.Thisstudyevenpresentsaveryfirststeptowardthepotentialtosupporthuman’slonglonelyjourneysinspace.Yetbeforethatpossibilitytakesflightinthefuture,researchonafamiliarspeciesmustcomefirst.Amblersaysthenextstepshouldbetestinginlarger,nonhumananimals,probablypigs.“Theyaremostlikehumans—hairlessandsimilartohumansintermsofbodytemperature,”hesays.“It’sastep-by-stepprocess,frommicetoratstopigstomonkeysandthen,hopefully,eventuallytohumans”—andthen,perhaps,beyondtheboundsofplanetEarth.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“torpor”inparagraph1mean?A.Havingmuchenergy. B.Beingnotactive.C.Requiringlittlesleep. D.Decreasinginsize.13.Howistheultrasoundapproachdifferentfromearlierones?A.Itavoidscuttingintothebody.B.Ittargetsdirectlyatthebrain.C.Itproveseffectiveforhumanuse.D.Itgoestogetherwithlightordrugs.14.Whatisapossibleapplicationoftheresearch?A.MonitoringICUpatients.B.Curingheartattackvictims.C.Stabilizingbodytemperature.D.Supportinglongspacetravels.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Promotionofthetechnique.B.Significanceofthefindings.C.Focusofthefollow-upresearch.D.Reviewoftheexperimentprocess.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是在某些物種中，當(dāng)環(huán)境變得艱難時(shí)，身體會(huì)踩剎車，降低體溫，將消耗能量的速度降至蝸牛的速度，進(jìn)入一種被稱為遲緩的狀態(tài)，這種遲緩狀態(tài)有一定的好處。【12題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段的“whentheconditionsgettough,thebodyhitsthebrakes,loweringbodytemperature,slowingthespeedofconsumingenergytoasnail’space(當(dāng)環(huán)境變得艱難時(shí)，身體會(huì)踩剎車，降低體溫，將消耗能量的速度降至蝸牛的速度)”可知，當(dāng)環(huán)境變得艱難時(shí)，身體會(huì)踩剎車，也就是變得不那么活躍，也就是進(jìn)入不活躍的狀態(tài)，劃線詞torpor的意思是“遲緩”，和Beingnotactive意思相近，故選B。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Withouthavingtophysicallyinvadethetargets’heads,theapproachisanimportantstepinadvancingtorportowardhumanuse,saysMichaelAmbler,aresearcherand,lecturerstudyingtorporattheUniversityofBristolinEngland.(研究人員MichaelAmbler說，這種方法是將“遲緩”推向人類使用的重要一步，而無需對(duì)目標(biāo)的頭部進(jìn)行物理侵入。)”和“Someearliereffortsreliedoninjectingageneintothetargeted-brain-region-to-assist-in-producingatorpor-likestatewithlightordrugs.Suchinvasiveapproachesareunlikelytogainapprovalforhumanuse,Amblersays,makingthenewstudy“anextremelyinterestingpieceofwork.”(一些早期的努力依賴于將一種基因注射到目標(biāo)大腦區(qū)域，以幫助用光或藥物產(chǎn)生類似遲緩的狀態(tài)。Ambler說，這種侵入性方法不太可能獲得批準(zhǔn)用于人類，這使得這項(xiàng)新研究成為“一項(xiàng)非常有趣的工作”。)”可知，超聲波方法與以前的方法的不同之處在于這個(gè)方法避免切入身體。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Thisstudyevenpresentsaveryfirststeptowardthepotentialtosupporthuman’slonglonelyjourneysinspace.(這項(xiàng)研究甚至向支持人類在太空中漫長孤獨(dú)旅行的潛力邁出了第一步。)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究的可能應(yīng)用是支持長途太空旅行。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Yetbeforethatpossibilitytakesflightinthefuture,researchonafamiliarspeciesmustcomefirst.Amblersaysthenextstepshouldbetestinginlarger,nonhumananimals,probablypigs.(然而，在這種可能性在未來實(shí)現(xiàn)之前，必須首先對(duì)一種熟悉的物種進(jìn)行研究。Ambler說，下一步應(yīng)該在更大的非人類動(dòng)物身上進(jìn)行測(cè)試，可能是豬。)”可知，最后一段主要講的是后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Mosquitoesaredrawntoallpeople,butsomepeopleseemtobetheunluckyoneswhoaremoretemptingtomosquitoes.Expertshaveidentifiedtwomaincategoriesoffactorsthatmakeonemoreattractivetomosquitoes:biologicalaspectsandbehaviors.Chiefamongthefirstgroupoffactorsishowyousmell.Dozensofdiversemolecules(分子)throughoutourbodycometogethertocreateouruniquesmell.It’sacombinationofadozensmells.____16____It’salsopossiblethatsomepeopleproducemoreofthesmellthatmosquitoeslike.Bloodtypemayalsomatter.MosquitoesseemtobeinterestedinpeoplewithType0blood,forreasonsresearchershaven’tconfirmed.____17____Mosquitoesseekoutcarbondioxide.Themorewebreathe,themorecarbondioxidewesendintotheair,invitingbugsourway.Thentherearethefactorsthataremoredependentonhowyouactthroughouttheday.Ifyouaretodoahardworkoutoutside,youmightbreathemoreheavilyandproducemorecarbondioxide,whichmightattractmosquitoes.____18____Ifitmixeswithbacteriaonyourskinorcontainsalcoholfromyourbeach-sidebeers,youhaveamuchhigherchancetobebitten.____19____Thereareafewevidence-basedstrategiestokeepthematbay.Certainclothingcolorslikeblackanddarkbluecanactlikeamosquitomagnet.Mosquitoesarealsodrawntobrightorangesandreds.Therefore,trytosticktolightercolorsandwearlongsleevesandpants.Or,youcantryasimpletrick——grabafanandpointitunderatable,sincemosquitoeslovetostaynearthegroundandbiteourfeet.____20____A.Afterall,they’renotgoodfliers.B.Howcanwedriveoffthemosquitoes?C.Therefore,trytoreduceexerciseonahotday.D.Docolorsmatterinthishide-and-seekgame?E.Thepatternofhowyoubreathealsoplaysarole.F.Sweatsendsapowerfulsignaltomosquitoestoo.G.Thismixofchemicalsislikelytodrawmosquitoes.【答案】16.G17.E18.F19.B20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹一個(gè)人對(duì)蚊子吸引力更大的兩個(gè)主要因素和遠(yuǎn)離蚊子的策略?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Dozensofdiversemolecules(分子)throughoutourbodycometogethertocreateouruniquesmell.It’sacombinationofadozensmells.(我們?nèi)頂?shù)十種不同的分子聚集在一起，形成了我們獨(dú)特的氣味。這是十幾種氣味的混合。)”可推斷下文會(huì)說明這種氣味對(duì)蚊子有吸引力，G選項(xiàng)“這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的混合物可能會(huì)吸引蚊子?！辈⑶褿選項(xiàng)中的“thismixofchemicals”指代上文所說的“acombination”，上下文邏輯一致。同時(shí)，橫線后句子“Itisalsopossiblethat..”和G選項(xiàng)中的“l(fā)ikely”相呼應(yīng)，并構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Mosquitoesseekoutcarbondioxide.Themorewebreathe,themorecarbondioxidewesendintotheair,invitingbugsourway.(蚊子尋找二氧化碳。我們呼吸得越多，向空氣中排放的二氧化碳就越多，引來了蟲子。)”可知我們的呼吸方式也會(huì)吸引蚊子，E選項(xiàng)“你的呼吸方式也有影響。”符合題意，并且E選項(xiàng)中提到的“Thepatternofhowyoubreathe”和下文提到的“Themoreyoubreathe”相照應(yīng)，同時(shí)，E選項(xiàng)中的also和上文所說內(nèi)容構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選E。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ifitmixeswithbacteriaonyourskinorcontainsalcoholfromyourbeach-sidebeers,youhaveamuchhigherchancetobebitten.(如果它與你皮膚上的細(xì)菌混合，或者含有你在海邊喝的啤酒中的酒精，你被咬的幾率就會(huì)高得多。)”可推知是汗液也會(huì)以吸引蚊子，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“汗液也會(huì)向蚊子發(fā)出強(qiáng)烈信號(hào)。”并且F橫線后句子中的it指代的是F選項(xiàng)中的“sweat”，上下文邏輯一致，故選F。【19題詳解】設(shè)空處為本段的主題句。根據(jù)B橫線后句子提到了本段關(guān)鍵詞“strategies”，之后具體介紹了兩種讓蚊子遠(yuǎn)離的方法，可知本段主要介紹讓我們遠(yuǎn)離蚊子的方法，B選項(xiàng)“我們?cè)鯓硬拍苴s走蚊子?”符合本段主旨，故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Or,youcantryasimpletrick——grabafanandpointitunderatable,sincemosquitoeslovetostaynearthegroundandbiteourfeet.(或者，你可以嘗試一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的技巧——抓起一把扇子，把它放在桌子下面，因?yàn)槲米酉矚g呆在靠近地面的地方，咬我們的腳。)”可知下文解釋為什么要這樣做，A選項(xiàng)“畢竟，他們不擅長飛行。”緊密承接上文，A選項(xiàng)中的“they”指代的即上文中的mosquitoes，邏輯一致，故選A。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié);滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ouroversized,maleGoldenRetriever(金毛尋回犬),RustyweighedmuchmorethanmostGoldens.Thoughbig,hewas____21____.WhenKaren,my18-month-olddaughter,heldacookieouttohim,he’dtakeitgently.Wherevershewent,Rustywould____22____her.Ifwegrown-upsheldoutfoodforhim,____23____,heateitlikeahungrywolf.Oneday,Iwasoccupiedwithchoresallthemorninginthekitchen.WhenIlookedoutthewindow,myheart____24____!Ourbackyardhadtwolevels,withstonestepsleadingfromthelowerleveltothelargeropenareaabove.Atthehighestpointofthestepswasa____25____of1.5meterstothelowerlevel.Thenandthere,IsawKarenontheupperlevelwalkingalongtheedge!Though____26____,Ididn’tshoutforfearoffrighteningherintolosing____27____andfallingtothegroundbelow.ThenInoticedRustybesideher,movingto____28____theway.Nottobestopped,Karenwalkedtoanopenspot.Justasquickly,Rustymovedhimselfinfrontagain,____29____her.Thatrepeatedacoupleoftimes.Finally,shegot_____30_____andmovedbacktothecenter.Sighingwith_____31_____,Iranupimmediately.“Comeon,Karen,”Isaid,“Let’sgoinsideandgeta_____32_____.”Sheclappedherhandsandgrabbedmine,makingherwaydownslowly.Rustystayedbyherside,movingatherpace.Whenwegottothedoor,she_____33_____myhandandcrawledthroughthedoggydoor.Rustyfollowed.Thiswashowtheygotoutsidewiththedoor_____34_____.BythetimeIgottothekitchen,Karenandherfour-leggednannywerewaitingforthe_____35_____cookie.IneverworriedaboutKarenplayingoutsideafterthat21.A.weak B.loving C.restless D.tolerant22.A.counton B.takeafter C.watchover D.turnto23.A.moreover B.indeed C.thus D.however24.A.died B.ached C.melted D.sank25.A.drop B.climb C.width D.length26.A.overjoyed B.embarrassed C.ashamed D.panicked27.A.temper B.balance C.heart D.interest28.A.block B.guide C.find D.push29.A.pleasing B.rescuing C.guarding D.encouraging30.A.anxious B.excited C.frustrated D.confident31.A.sorrow B.relief C.satisfaction D.desperation32.A.rest B.walk C.cookie D.prize33.A.loosened B.squeezed C.took D.rubbed34.A.unlocked B.broken C.open D.shut35.A.promised B.selected C.hand-made D.newly-bought【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.D25.A26.D27.B28.A29.C30.C31.B32.C33.A34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文記敘文。作者講述了金毛尋回犬照顧自己18個(gè)月大的女兒的故事，在女兒遇到危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，金毛會(huì)救護(hù)女兒，讓她免受傷害?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管體型大但是他是充滿愛的。A.weak虛弱的；B.loving充滿愛的；C.restless焦躁不安的；D.tolerant寬容的。根據(jù)上文“Thoughbig”和下文“WhenKaren,my18-month-olddaughter,heldacookieouttohim,he’dtakeitgently.(當(dāng)我18個(gè)月大的女兒凱倫把一塊餅干遞給他時(shí)，他會(huì)輕輕地接過。)”可知，Rusty是充滿愛心的。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：無論她去哪里，Rusty總是照看著她。A.counton依靠；依賴；B.takeafter效仿；C.watchover照看；D.turnto求助于。根據(jù)前文“Karen,my18-month-olddaughter”可知，Karen僅有18個(gè)月大，因此推斷Rusty總是照看她。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，如果我們大人給他遞上食物，他就會(huì)像餓狼一樣吃下去。A.moreover此外；而且；B.indeed確實(shí)；C.thus因而；D.however然而。上文的“he’dtakeitgently”和下文的“heateitlikeahungrywolf.”時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我向窗外看時(shí)，我的心一沉。A.died死亡；B.ached疼痛；C.melted融化；D.sank下沉；(心情)變得沉重。根據(jù)下文“Thenandthere,IsawKarenontheupperlevelwalkingalongtheedge!(就在那時(shí)，我看見凱倫在樓上沿著邊緣走著!)”可知，18個(gè)月的女兒在臺(tái)階邊上走著，作者理應(yīng)心情沉重。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在臺(tái)階的最高處有1.5米的落差。A.drop落差；B.climb攀登；C.width寬度；D.length長度。根據(jù)上文“Ourbackyardhadtwolevels,withstonestepsleadingfromthelowerleveltothelargeropenareaabove.”和下文“1.5meterstothelowerlevel”可知，上下臺(tái)階落差有1.5米。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然驚慌，但我沒有喊，怕嚇得她失去平衡，掉到下面的地上。A.overjoyed欣喜若狂的；B.embarrassed尷尬的；C.ashamed慚愧的；D.panicked驚慌的。根據(jù)上文“Thenandthere,IsawKarenontheupperlevelwalkingalongtheedge!”可知，作者看到女兒在高處走著，應(yīng)是感到驚慌。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.temper脾氣；B.balance平衡；C.heart心；D.interest興趣。根據(jù)下文“fallingtothegroundbelow”可知，作者擔(dān)心女兒失去平衡掉下去。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我注意到拉斯提在她旁邊，想擋住去路。A.block阻礙；B.guide指導(dǎo)；C.find發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.push推。根據(jù)下文“Nottobestopped,Karenwalkedtoanopenspot.”可知，金毛狗想要擋住凱倫的路不讓她向前走。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：拉斯提同樣迅速地走到她前面，保護(hù)著她。A.pleasing（使）開心；B.rescuing營救；C.guarding保護(hù)；D.encouraging鼓勵(lì)。根據(jù)上文“ThenInoticedRustybesideher,movingto____8____theway.”可知，拉斯提在保護(hù)凱倫。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，她感到挫敗，回到了中心。A.anxious焦慮的；B.excited興奮的；C.frustrated挫敗的，沮喪的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)上文“Thatrepeatedacoupleoftimes.”以及下文“movedbacktothecenter.”可知，拉斯提不斷擋住凱倫，最后凱倫感到挫敗，放棄了，從邊緣回到了中間地帶。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我松了口氣，立刻跑了上去。A.sorrow悲傷；B.relief寬慰；C.satisfaction滿意；D.desperation絕望。根據(jù)上文“movedbacktothecenter”可知，女兒安全了，作者感到欣慰，松了一口氣。故選B。32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“來吧，凱倫，”我說，“我們進(jìn)去吃塊餅干吧?！盇.rest休息；B.walk走；C.cookie曲奇餅；D.prize獎(jiǎng)品。根據(jù)下文“Karenandherfour-leggednannywerewaitingforthe____15____cookie.”可知，作者放凱倫進(jìn)里面吃餅干。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們走到門口時(shí)，她松開了我的手，通過狗門爬了進(jìn)去。A.loosened放開；B.squeezed擠壓；C.took拿；?。籇.rubbed摩擦。根據(jù)下文“crawledthroughthedoggydoor”可知，凱倫從狗門里爬進(jìn)去的，因此松開了拉著作者的手。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們就是這樣關(guān)著門走出去的。A.unlocked開鎖；B.broken打破；C.open打開；D.shut關(guān)閉。根據(jù)上文“crawle