句法總結(jié)與練習(xí)

句法總結(jié)與練習(xí)陳述句：說(shuō)明事實(shí)與陳述人的看法的句子，包括肯定與否定形式。練習(xí)：把下列各詞連成陳述句see,amap,can,I,the,wall,ondoes,often,thego,Lucy,park,not,toright,he,I,think,is,don’tnot,have,yet,work,the,they,finished.the,exam,Chinese,Jim,fail,in,may一般疑問(wèn)句：be動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞前移至句首，并用Yes和No回答。讀升調(diào)，答句用降調(diào)。練習(xí)：將下列句子變成一般疑問(wèn)句，并做肯定與否定回答。Theyareplayingbasketballontheplayground.Theycanborrowbooksfromthelibrary.HehasmanyEnglishnovelsinhisfamily.Theygotoschoolonfooteveryday.HisfatherwenttoFrancelastyear.Wehavemadealotofbeautifulclothesthesedays.Hehasfinishedhishomework.Iwillpassonamessgetoher.Iwouldlikeacupofmilk,please.Wehavemanycakesforsupper.(變?yōu)榉穸ㄒ蓡?wèn)句)Itisawonderfulskirt.(變?yōu)榉穸ㄒ蓡?wèn)句)Iwanttocomewithyou.(變?yōu)榉穸ㄒ蓡?wèn)句)Itoldyoutocomeearlier.(變?yōu)榉穸ㄒ蓡?wèn)句)IhavebeentoDalianthreetimes.(變?yōu)榉穸ㄒ蓡?wèn)句)WewerewatchingTVatthistimelastnight.Hemuststopsmoking.TomandJerryareplayingwithaball.Shehadfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermothergothome.IhavehadlunchwithTomtoday.Thepeasantsaregettingreadyforthenextyear.特殊疑問(wèn)句：一般情況：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞在句中充當(dāng)成分。不用Yes,No回答，直接回答。讀降調(diào)常用的疑問(wèn)詞：whowhatwhosewhichwherewhenhowwhyhowmanyhowmuchhowfarhowlonghowoftenhowsoonhowhighhowwidehowlonghowheavy…練習(xí)：對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)(把各句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡?wèn)句)Theboyisrunningnow.HeisLily’sfather.Sheislookingforthelittleboy.IoftenhelpTomwithEnglish.KatelentSusanaballyesterday.Thebooksareonthedesk.Theseareboats.Iwantacupoftea.Themanisadriver.Heislookingforhispen.It’saChinesecarinEnglish.Sixandnineisfifteen.I’minGradeThree.LiLeiisinClassFive.WeiHuaisinClassone,GradeThree.WeareinRowone.LucyisNumberSix.ThisisamapofChina.Theflowersarered.It’ssixo’clock.MynameisLily.Theseapplesareyours.ThebestoneisLily’s.Theboyinthehatismybrother.Iwanttobuytheskirtontheleft.Thiscupisyours.MineisredTheyaremybooks.ThisisLucyandLily’sroom.ThiscupisKate’s.I’mfine.(well.OK.allright.)Theboyisfifteen.It’scloudytoday.IcanspellitinEnglish.Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.(bybus.bytrain.bybike…)Ilikethelittledogverymuch.Shestudieshard.Therearefivebirdsinthetree.Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.Thereisanappletreeinfrontofthehouse.Thepairofshoesisfiftyyuan.Thisscarfcostsmefivedollars.Ipaytendollarsforthisticket.Myschoolisfivekilometresfromhere.Therulerisonemetrelong.Westayedtherefortwohours.Hehaslivedheresince2000.Thewomanwillgototheshopinfiveminutes.PeteroftencarrieswaterforUncleLi.Igoswimmingonceaweekinsummer.Theriverisfivemeterswide.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasillinbed.Weusuallycometoschoolatseveninthemorning.Mymothergetsupatfive.WhenIgothome,mymotherwascooking.Thechildrensometimesplayfootballontheplayground.TodayisMonday.It’sMay2today.Iwantthecakeswithnutsinthem.Theboysareplayinginthetree.反意疑問(wèn)句：對(duì)陳述句的事實(shí)提出相反的疑問(wèn)。結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句，+簡(jiǎn)單的一般疑問(wèn)句。前否，后肯；前肯，后否語(yǔ)調(diào)：前降，后升(一般情況)。前降，后降(心中對(duì)所說(shuō)的有把握)回答：a.根據(jù)實(shí)際回答。b.注意翻譯，Yes譯為“不”，No譯為“是的”陳述句中主語(yǔ)用名詞，簡(jiǎn)單疑問(wèn)句中變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的代詞(前后時(shí)態(tài)要一致)陳述句中有否定詞hardly,little,few,never,nothing,none,nobody等后面的疑問(wèn)句用肯定形式。練習(xí)：完成下列的反意疑問(wèn)句Everythingisready,_____________?Somebodycameherejustnow,_____________?Thisisn’tyourbook,_____________?Therearetenboyshere,_____________?Iamastudent,_____________?Hewasreallyunhappy,_____________?Hehasanicepicture,_____________?Hehadbreakfastatseveno’clock,_____________?Imustdoit,_____________?Heisatthecinemanow,_____________?Shehadtogothere,_____________?Youhadbettergohome,_____________?Thereislittlewaterintheglass,_____________?Listentomecarefully,_____________?Don’tlookoutofthewindow,_____________?Let’sgotothepark,_____________?Letuslookatyournewbook,_____________?Shethinksyouareright,_____________?Idon’tthinkyouareright,_____________?LearningEnglishwellishard,_____________?Heisgoingtothefootballmatch,_____________?LiYingdoeswellinEnglish,_____________?Shehasn’tgotaticketfortheexamination,_____________?Therewasapictureonthewalllastterm,_____________?Sophiahadmadegoodprogress,_____________?Theplaneleavesatten,_____________?I’mlate,_____________?Nobodyiswaitingforyou,_____________?Thisisalovelycity,_____________?Lentmeyourbike,_____________?YouhavenolessonsonSaturdayafternoon,_____________?Ourcityhaschangedalotsince1978,_____________?Hedoesn’ttalkmuch,_____________?Thereisaballinhishand,_____________?Theyweresingingwhenyougotthere,_____________?Mikewillbelateforschooltoday,_____________?Theyaren’tgoingtobeteachersinthefuture,_____________?He’sneverbeentotheGreatWall,_____________?Therewerefewpeopleinthisplacehundredsyearsago,_____________?Thereislittleinkinthepen,_____________?Let’shavearest,_____________?Ithinkhewillcomesoon,_____________?Passmethatbook,_____________?Tomdidn’tgototheparkyesterday,didhe?(肯定回答并翻譯)LucyisaChinesegirl,isn’tshe?(否定回答并翻譯)選擇疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句+選擇部分+or+選擇部分特殊疑問(wèn)句+，選擇部分+or+選擇部分問(wèn)句是be，回答用be問(wèn)句是行為動(dòng)詞，簡(jiǎn)略回答用助動(dòng)詞,did,do,does見(jiàn)8,9題問(wèn)句中有助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，答句中用它們相應(yīng)的詞直接回答，不用Yes,No回答語(yǔ)調(diào)先升后降練習(xí)：將下列各句變?yōu)檫x擇疑問(wèn)句并回答。Heisateacher(astudent).Thisrulerisyours(his).Katewantsthisredapple(thatpear).I’mlookingformypen(Betty’s).Thestudentsvisitedthefarm(thefactory).We’regoingtotheGreatWallthisweek(nextweek).Myteacheroftenhaslunchatschool(athome).Whichisbigger,thesunorthemoon?Whostudieshardest,Tom,JimorLucy?Whosehandwritingisbetter,Lily’sorSusan’s?LinTao’sfathergoestoworkonfoot(bybus).IcansayitinEnglish(inChinese).Wewillreadthesewords(write).We’llwatchTV(gotothecinema).Hewillbehereateight(atnine).否定疑問(wèn)句：為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh、邀請(qǐng)、和看法等。譯為：難道不……回答與反意疑問(wèn)句相同。練習(xí)：把下列否定疑問(wèn)句譯成漢語(yǔ)。Aren’ttheybeautiful?Yes,theyare.Can’tyouseeI’mabird?No,Ican’t.Don’tyouknowhim?Yes,Ido.Won’tyouhavemorerice?No,Idon’t.Haven’tyoudoneit?Yes,Ihave.Whydon’tyoudoyourhomework?(Whynotdoyourhomework?)Whoisnothere?Whoisn’there?Who’snothere?感嘆句：用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)烈的感情，表示說(shuō)話人的驚異、喜悅等情緒。構(gòu)成：感嘆詞+感嘆部分+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+！what感嘆名詞，how感嘆形容詞或副詞。*What+單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+！*How+形容詞(副詞)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+！感嘆名詞時(shí)，往往省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。譯為“多么”，后加“！”號(hào)。感嘆句中不可有quite,so,too,rather等修飾語(yǔ)。詞，詞組表示感嘆語(yǔ)氣。Welldone!干得好！Wonderful!好極了！Great!太好了！練習(xí)：將下列各句變?yōu)楦袊@句Itisanicebox.Themanisverygood.Thewatchesareverynew.Theyarebeautifulflowers.Theworkersareworkinghard.Thefactoryissobig.Thechildisveryclever.Thesunshinessobrightly.Wearehavingafineday.Shelooksprettyinreddress.Wehadagoodtimelastweek.Hewasfoolishtothinklikethat.Yourclassroomiscleanandbright.Thisisaverydifficultquestion.Theywerelivingahappylife.用what,how填空______abighorseitis!______bigthehorseis!______newthebooksare!______lovelytheboyis!______wellhestudies!______deliciousmooncakes!______fatthepigsare!______goodstudentstheyare!用兩種方法變?yōu)楦袊@句Sheisabeautifulgirl.Therearebigtrees.祈使句：表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告。通常省略主語(yǔ)you。有時(shí)不去掉you表示厭煩或命令等語(yǔ)氣。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：動(dòng)詞原形+其它.Please+動(dòng)詞原形=動(dòng)詞原形……，please.否定形式：Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其它.Pleasedon’t+動(dòng)詞原形=Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形……,please.Letsb.dosth.否定：Don’tletsb.dosth.或Letsb.notdosth.(后面是省略to的不定式)Let’s讓我們(包括說(shuō)話人及對(duì)方)否定：Let’snotdo…練習(xí)：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Please_________(open)thedoor._________(look)atthepicture,please._________(notbe)careless._________(be)quiet,please.Please_________(notwatch)TVsomuch,Jim!_________(let)me_________(have)alookatthephoto._________lettheboy_________(go)outatnight.Lettheboy_________(notgo)outatnight.變?yōu)榉穸ㄆ硎咕銽omissittingonthedesk.Openthewindows,please.Bestandingintherain.Pleasereadthetext.Pleasetakedownthepicture.Lethimhelpyou.Let’splaycomputer.Letusplaycomputer.將you還原到句中以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。Don’tbelateagain!Bequiet!Getoutoftheroom!Don’tmakeanoise!Shutup!倒裝句：初中常用的倒裝句的形式：完全倒裝：Here(There)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)(名詞)Hereisthebook.部分倒裝：Here(There)+主語(yǔ)(代詞)+謂語(yǔ)Hereitis.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主語(yǔ)決定。完全倒裝：Neither(Nor,So)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)表示與上文的情況相同。部分倒裝：Neither(Nor,So)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)表示對(duì)上文的贊許、肯定、確定等含義謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)語(yǔ)多選用與上文