職稱英語考試試題及答案

［單選，材料題］Theinformationinthefirstparagraphis

presentedmainlythrough

根據以下材料，回答下面的題目。

TheFamilv

Thestructureofafamilytakesdifferentformsaroundtheworld

andeveninthesamesociety.ThefamilyJSformchangesasit

adaptstochangingsocialandeconomicinfluences.Until

recently,themostcommonforminNorthAmericawasthenuclear

family,consistingofamarriedcouplewiththeirminor

children.Thenuclearfamilyisanindependentunit.Itmustbe

preparedtofendforitself.Individualfamilymembersstrongly

dependononeanother.Thereislittlehelpfromoutsidethefamily

inemergencies.Elderlyrelativesofanuclearfamilyarecared

foronlyifitispossibleforthefamilytodoso.InNorth

America,theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;thevlive

inretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.

Therearemanyparallelsbetweenthenuclearfamilyinindustrial

societies,suchasNorthAmerica,andoffamiliesinsocietiessuch

asthatoftheInuits,wholiveinharshenvironments.Thenuclear

familystructureiswelladaptedtoalifeofmobility.Inharsh

conditions,mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.ForNorth

Americans,thehuntforjobsandimprovedsocialstatusalso

requiresmobility.

ThenuclearfamilywasnotalwaystheNorthAmericanstandard.

Inamoreagrariantime,themallnuclearfamilywasusuallypart

ofalargerextengedfamily.Thismighthaveincluded

grandparents,motherandfather,brothersandsisters,uncles,

aunts,andcousins.InNorthAmericatoday,thereisadramatic

riseinthenumberofsingle,parenthouseholds.Twiceasmany

householdsintheUnitedStatesareheadedbydivorced,separated,

orneveromarriedindividualsasarecomprisedofnuclear

families.Thestructureofthefamily,notjustinNorthAmerica,

butthroughouttheworld,continuestochangeasitadaptsto

changingconditions.

Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe

A.listingstatistics

B.tellingastory

C.pointingoutsimilarities

D.pointingoutdifferences

?參考解析

C題干意為“第一段主要以何種方式陳述的？”根據第一段的陳述方式，并沒有列出

數據或者講故事，而是通過描述共性而闡述出核心家庭的概念。因此C“指出相似性”

是正確的答案。

［單選］ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman,letaloneEnglish.

A.tosaynothingof

B.tospeaknothingof

C.totalknothingof

D.totellnothingof

?參考解析

A句意：她會說法語和德語，更不用說英語了。本題考察的是固定詞組用法，tosay

nothingof,更不用說，沒有B、C^D這三種說法。

［單選］Themoonwasobscuredbythickclouds.

A.held

B.prevented

C.darkened

D.blackened

?參考解析

句意為：厚厚的云朵遮住了月亮。prevent意為“預防、阻止"，hold意為“持有、

保留”，darken意為“使模糊、變黑"，blacken意為“使變黑、誹謗"。obscure意

為“遮掩，使變暗”。和B項同義，故選B項。

［單選］Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthe

contract,andnowhehastotakechargeoftheconsequences.

A.answerfor

B.runinto

C.abideby

D.stepinto

?參考解析

【答案】A

【解析】answerfor"對……負責”。runintO"陷入，碰到"；abideby“遵守”；

stepinto"進入，走進”。

［單選,材料題］Airtransportcompaniesusedifferent

planes.

根據材料，完成下面的題目。

AirTransportation

1.Airplanesareusedtocarrypassengers,cargoandmail.Air

transportcompaniesoperatescheduledairlinesandnon-scheduled

servicesoverlocal,regional,national,andinternational

routes.Theaircraftoperatedbythesecompaniesrangefromsmall

single-engineplanestolargemultienginejettransports.

2.Thefirstairpassengerservicesbeganin1910,whendirigibles

beganoperationbetweenseveralGermancities.Thefirst

scheduledairplaneservicetocarrypassengersbeganintheU.

Sin1914.Severalexperimentalairmailflightstookplacein

India,Europe,andtheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarI,butair

transportservicedidnotbecomeatruebusinessuntilafterthe

war.

3.DuringWorldWarTwo,intercontinentalairtransportbecame

firmlyestablished.Afterthewarthenewlong-distance

transportswithadvancedfacilitieswereincreasinglyableto

avoidstormsandstrongwindandmakeflightsmoreeconomicaland

consistent.Anewgenerationof"jumbo-jet“transportsbegan

operationsin1970,andthesupersonictransportentered

passengerservicein1976.

4.Duringthe1970sthenumberofdomesticpassengersonU.S

airlinesincreasedabout78%,andduringthe1980sthefigurewas

upabout58%.In1990therewere41.8millioninternational

passengers,thefigurewasa75%increaseover1980.Thetotal

cargoflownbyU.Sairlinesalmostdoubledduringthe1980s,from

5.7billionto10.6billionton-milesin1990.

5.Majorairportsprovideawiderangeoffacilitiesforthe

convenienceofmillionsoftravelers.Theserangefromsuchbasic

servicesasticket-salescountersandrestaurantstoluxury

hotels,shoppingcentersandplayareasforchildren.

Internationalairportsmustalsohavecustomsareasandcurrency

exchangecountersandsoon.

Paragraph2.

A.inthedevelopmentofairtransportation

B.theearliestpassengerflightsweresuccessfullyoperated

C.tomaketraveleasyandpleasantforthepassengers

D.toprovidedifferentservices

E.theshortageofqualifiedpilots

F.travelingbyairwasverycheap

?參考解析

【答案】A

【解析】根據第一段可知，航空公司利用飛機運輸旅客，貨物和郵政。運營的飛機從單

引擎到大型多引擎飛機。A為“在不同運輸發(fā)展階段使用不同飛機”符合邏輯和題意。

因此，本題選A。

［單選］HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,buther

expressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.

A.revealed

B.disposed

C.reminded

D.distributed

?參考解析

句意為：他注意到瓊正在密切地調查他，但她的表情也沒有泄漏她正在思考什么。

Giveawav"泄漏，贈送”,四個選項:reveal“泄漏，透漏”；dispose“處理"；remind

“重新記起”；distribute“分發(fā)，分配”；所以A項符合題意。

［單選］Toabsorbayoungerworkforce,manycompaniesoffered

retirementplansasincentivesforolderworkerstoretireand

makewayfortheyoungeroneswhoearnedlowersalaries.

A.rewards

B.opportunities

C.motives

D.stimulus

?參考解析

句意為：為吸引更年輕的勞動力，很多公司為老員工退休提供退休計劃作為鼓勵，

以便為工資較低的年輕員工讓路。incentive”激勵，鼓勵”，四個選項：reward"獎

賞"；opportunit,/“機會”；motive”動機，目的"；stimulus''刺激物"；所以A

項符合題意。

［單選,材料題］WhatdoweleamaboutAnaCastrofromthelast

paragraph?

閱讀材料，回答下面的題目。

Deportthemornot

Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbyshared

blood,whoshouldbeallowedtocome,workandlivehere?Inthe

wakeoftheSept.11attacksthesequestionshaveneverseemed

morepressing.

OnDec.11,2001,aspartoftheefforttoincreasehomeland

security,federalandlocalauthoritiesin14statesstaged

aOperationSafeTravelw-raidsonairportstoarrestemployees

withfalseidentification（身份證明）.InSaltLakeCitytherewere

69arrests.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,

mostofthem

illegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.Authorities

saidtheundocumentedworkers*illegalstatusmadethemopento

blackmail（訛詐）byterrorists.

ManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsand

saidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposable

goods.

MayorAndersonsaidthosefeelingswerejustifiedtoacertain

extent,"We'resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,

we'regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,

andthenwhenit,sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomake

apointintermsofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.1

1,thenyou*redisposable.Therearewholefamiliesbeinguprooted

forallofthewrongreasons,“Andersonsaid.

IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnot

havebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneoilquietlylivingin

America,probablyindefinitely.AnaCastrO,amanagerataBen

&Jerry'sicecreamshopattheairport,hadbeenworkin910years

withthesamefalseSocialSecuritycardwhenshewasarrested

intheDecemberairportraid.Nowsheandherfamilyareliving

underthethreatofdeportation（驅逐出境）.CastroJscaseis

currentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,

thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshe

hasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry's.

Accordingtotheauthor,theUnitedStatesclaimstobea

nation.

A.Shewillbedeportedsoonerorlater.

B.Sheisallowedtostaypermanently.

C.Hercasehasbeendropped.

D.Herfateremainsuncertain.

?參考解析

【答案】D

【解析】由AnaCastro定位于文章最后一段。第三、四句指出她們全家面臨著被驅逐

出境的威脅，案件正在被期待早日得到解決；最后一句提到當她還在等待結果時，政府

已經允許她在此工作。由此可見AnaCastro和家人能否留在美國還難以確定，只有等

到案件解決才能知曉。

單選,材料題］Accordingtothistext.

閱讀材料，回答下面的題目。

TheDiminishingScientificLeadershipoftheU,S.

Withtherapidglobalizationofscienceitself(morethan

40percentofscientificPh.D.studentstrainedintheUnited

Statesarenowforeignnationals,roughlyhalfofwhomreturnto

theircountriesoforigin),theonceundisputedU.S.scientific

lead,whetherrelevanttoproductleadornot,isdiminishing.

Thecompetitionofforeignstudentsforpositionsin

U.S.graduateschoolshasalsocontributedtomakingscientific

trainingrelativelyunattractivetoU.S.students,becausethe

rapidlyincreasingsupplyofstudentshasdiminishedtherelative

rewardsofthiscareerpath.Forthebestandbrightestfrom

low-incomecountries,apositionasaresearchassistantinthe

UnitedStatesisattractive,whereasthebestandbrightest

U.S.studentsmightnowseebetteroptionsinotherfields.

Scienceandengineeringcareers,totheextentthattheyare

openinguptoforeigncompetition(whetherimportedoravailable

throughbettercommunication),alsoseemtobebecoming

relativelylessattractivetoU.S.students.

Withrespecttotheroleofuniversitiesintheinnovation

processthespeculativeboomofthe1990s(which,amongother

things,madeitpossibletoconvertscientificfindingsintocash

ratherquickly)waslargelyunexpected.Theboombrought

universitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwith

privatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomic

dividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible.Forawhile,the

pathbetweendiscoveriesinbasicscienceandnewflowsofhard

cashwasconsiderablyshortened.Butduringthenextfewdecades,

thispathwilllikelyreverttowarditsmoretraditionallength

andreestablishinahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmore

independent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneat

universitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasinto

productsandservices.

Intheinterveningyears,anothernewforcealsogreatly

facilitatedglobalization:therapidgrowthoftheInternetand

cheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication.Today,

complexdesignactivitiescantakeplaceinlocationsquite

removedfrommanufacturing,otherbusinessfunctionsandthe

consumer.Indeed,thereisnowampleopportunityforreal-time

communicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequite

independentoftheirspecificlocations.Forexample,software

aredevelopment,withallitschangesandcomplications,canto

aconsiderableextentbedoneoverseasforaU.S.customer.Foreign

callcenterscanrespondinstantlytoquestionsfromthousands

ofmilesaway.Theresultisthatlow-wageworkersintheFarEast

andinsomeothercountriesarecomingintoevenmoredirect

competitionwithamuchwiderspectrumofU.S.labor:unskilled

inthecaseofcallcenters;morehighlyskilledinthecaseof

programmers.

A.thecareersunattractivetoU.S.studentsmaynotbesoto

foreignstudents

B.scienceandengineeringcareersareunattractiveexclusively

toU.S.students

C.U.S.studentsagenotcourageousenoughtofaceforeign

competition

D.U.S.studentsarenotwellpreparedtocompetewithforeign

students

?參考解析

【答案】A

【解析】在文章第二段中，wForthebestandbrightestfromlow-incomecountries,

apositionasaresearchassistantintheUnitedStatesisattractive,whereas

thebestandbrightestU.S.studentsmightnOWseebetteroptionsinotherfields”

可看出，A項與其意思相符，美國和其他國家的學生興趣不同，而并不是美國學生沒有

勇氣和沒準備好去面對競爭，可排除c,D選項，而8項過于絕對。

［單選］Themonopoly-capitalistgroupannexedmanysmaller

enterpriseslastyear.

A.integrated

B.merged

C.combined

D.collected

?參考解析

【答案】B

【解析】integrate"聯合"；merge"兼并"；combine"聯合"；collect"收款”。

［單選］Thelocalauthoritycontributedthecompanyan

interestfreeloantostartupthenewfactory.

A.granted

B.allocated

C.financed

D.sponsored

?參考解析

【答案】A

【解析】9rant“捐贈"；allocate“贊助”；finance“資助”；sponsor“舉辦”。

［單選］Myfatherhasbeenonthesalaryscheduleinthis

factoryfornearly20years.

A.paypacket

B.payoff

C.payroll

D.payment

?參考解析

【答案】C

【解析】paypacket"工資袋"；payoff"還清債"；payroll”工資表"；payment"支

付”。

［單選］Thepurposeofacustomistocutdownimportsin

ordertoprotectdomesticindustryandworkersfromforeign

competition.

A.tax

B.toll

C.fee

D.tariff

?參考解析

【答案】D

【解析】tax“稅，稅款”；ton“服務費”；fee“費用"；tariff“關稅”。

［單選,材料題］Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinsatiric

literature?

閱讀材料，回答下面的題目。

SatiricLiterature

Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureis

itsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarely

offersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanew

form.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.Whatthey

doislookatfamiliarconditionsfromaperspectivethatmakes

theseconditionsseemfoolish,harmful,oraffected.Satirejars

usoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthat

manyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.Don

Quixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd;BraveNewWorldridiculesthe

pretensionsofscience;AModestProposaldramatizesstarvation

byadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasis

original.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanists

objectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldouaHuxley,and

peoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwirl.Itwasnotthe

originalityoftheideathatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwas

themannerofexpression,thesatiricmethod,thatmadethem

interestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyare

aestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyare

morallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulating

andrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrush

awayillusionsandsecond-handopinions.Withspontaneous

irreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliar

objectsintoincongruousjuxtaposition,andspeaksinapersonal

idiominsteadofabstractplatitude.

Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecause

readersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminder

thattheyliveinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheap

moralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Satireservestoprodpeople

intoallawarenessoftruth,thoughrarelytoanyactiveonbehalf

oftruth.Satiretendstoremindpeoplethatmuchofwhatthey

see,hear,andreadinpopularmediaissanctimonious,sentimental,

andonlypartiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegree

thepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholddieidealsthat

moviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheir

livestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknow

thesethingsbuttendtoforgetthemwhentheydonothearthem

expressed.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Newlyemergingphilosophies.

B.Oddcombinationsofobjectsandideas.

C.Abstractdiscussionofmoralsandethics.

D.Wholesomecharacterswhoareunselfish.

?參考解析

【答案】B

【解析】根據文章第一段最后一句“…satirerearrangesperspectives,scrambles

familiarobjectsintoincongruousjuxtaposition,andspeaksinapersonalidiom

insteadofabstractplatitude”可知，諷刺小說重新陳述觀點，把類似的事物描述

成不和諧的并列關系，并且用個性的語言表述，而不是用抽象的陳詞濫調表述，據此可

知，諷刺小說中的事物和觀點都比較怪異，所以B符合題意。

［單選］Thiskindofmaterialcanresistheatandmoisture.

A.delet