高中英語語法非謂語動詞省公開課一等獎全國示范課微課金獎

NonfiniteVerbs(非謂語動詞)1/39謂語：說明主語所做動作或含有特征和狀態(tài)。它有些人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語態(tài)改變。

e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.單謂語或動詞短語情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+v.系動詞+表語2/39非謂語：主要包含不定式（todo），ving形式以及過去分詞（done）。無人稱，數(shù)改變，不單獨作謂語，但保留動詞特點，能夠有賓語或狀語。e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.Youarestudents,soyoudon’tworkinthefactory.

Beingstudents,youdon’tworkinthefactory.

3/39過去分詞不定式V.-ing形式非謂語動詞高考題鞏固題1鞏固題24/39Revision:ThefunctionofV-ing1.Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.2.IenjoylearningEnglish.3.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage.4.Themusicsoundsexciting.5.Myjobisteaching.6.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.7.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.8.Wwatchthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard.9.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.(adverbial)(subject)(object)

(predicative)(attribute)

(objectcomplement)(attribute)(predicative)(object)5/39V-ingasAdverbial1.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.2.Hecutofftheelectricity,preventinganaccident.3.Havingbeentoldherdaughterwassick,shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome.(not)V-ing(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone4.Havingcutofftheelectricity,hepreventedanaccident.5.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.6.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.V-ing形式6/39Revision（一）動詞不定式todo作用（Thefunctionof“todo”）1.Whatdoesitmeantobeascientist?(subject)2.Nothinginlifeistobefeared

(predicative)3.PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.(object)4.Thedoctortoldhimthathemightnothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive.(attribute)5.Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.

(adverbial)6.Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(adverbial)7.Theteacheraskedustowriteacompositionaboutafamousscientist.(objectcomplement)7.Nordidheletthediseasestop

himfromliving…(objectcompement)7/398/39Johnsteppedforwardsoastobeintroducedtothevisitors.2.Annesteppedforwardsoastointroducethevisitorstous.3.Theyseemtohavemeteachotherbefore.Didn’tyounoticethat.4.Theyseemtoknoweachother.5.Whenmothercameintomyroom,Ipretendedtobereadingaletter.6.I’llwritedownyournameandaddresssoasnottoforgetthem.（二）不定式形式、時態(tài)與語態(tài)小結

(not)todo(not)tobedone(not)tohave(been)done(not)tobedoing9/39過去分詞done若是及物動詞（vt）則表示被動；動作已經(jīng)完成（即先于謂語動詞）若是不及物動詞（vi）則只表示完成。如：abrokenglass=aglasswhichhasbeenbrokenafallen

tree=atreewhichhasfallen(down)1.形式與含義10/392.成份1)作表語

egSheisinterestedinthejob.\Alltheaudiencesaremoved.

2)作定語eg.Tigersandlionsareanimalswhichareendangered.

AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Tigersandlionsareendangeredanimals.Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground.AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground.11/393）作賓補

egSpeakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard.Wehaveourclassroomcleanedeveryday.4)作狀語

（比較：Whenwesawfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundtheviilageverysmall.=Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundthevillageverysmall.）

eg.Ifitisseenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.eg.Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.Theteacherenteredtheroom,followedbysomestudents.12/39判斷以下句子中過去分詞（done）成份：1.Foldedinhispocket,theletterwasn’tfounduntiltwentyyearslater.2.Nomatterhowhardhetried,hecouldn’tmakehimselfbelieved.3.Wecanseeexcitedexpressiononherface.3.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.4.Shehadherbikerepairedyesterday.5.Wewereallinspiredbyherinspiringspeech.6.Givenanapple,thechildstoppedcrying.7.TheboynamedTomisanorphan.adverbialObjectcomplementattributeadverbialObjectcomplementpredicativeadverbialattribute13/39例4Astherewasnobody，hehadtogoalone.

There______nobody,hehadtogoalone.Iftimepermits,Iwillgotoseeyou.

Time________,Iwillgotoseeyou.Astheworkedhadbeenfinished,hewenttobed.

Thework_______,hewenttobed.beingpermitting當存在不一樣主語時，能夠用Ving形式獨立主格結構。獨立主格結構。finished14/39不定式不定式作用例1.___makesmehappytofindthekey.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.WhetherB解析：不定式做主語，慣用“it”作為形式主語放于句首，常見句型有itisadj.(forsb.)todosth.不過強調當形容詞與人品性相關是改for為of.e.g.Itisniceofyoutosayso.It也可充當形式賓語使用。15/39不定式[例2]NMET第19題I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析：該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語使用方法。英語中有一些動詞后能夠跟一個疑問詞不定式做賓語，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式作用16/39不定式不定式作用例3:Youarethethirdone_______theroom.A.toenterB.enteringC.enteredA解析：不定式做定語時為后置定語，經(jīng)常修飾代詞anything/something/noting，名詞way/chance/opportunity等或由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾名詞。注意：Ineedapentowritewith.(不及物動詞要加介詞)17/39[例4]NMET1999第21題Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式解析：因為主語是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，所以組成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。不定式作用18/39不定式不定式作用

在大多數(shù)動詞可接不定式短語做賓補，只有少數(shù)動詞（五個看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to不定式做賓補,但變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)后to不可省略。例5:Youarenotallowed_____thebooksout.A.takingB.totakenC.takeD.totakeD解析：allow使用方法可見allowsb.todo和allowdoingsth.當被改為被動態(tài)時，為sb.beallowedtodo.

19/39不定式不定式作用例6：Igotupearlytocatchthebus.Hewentoutnevertoreturn.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Iamhappytomeetyou.A.AdverbialofpurposeB.AdverbialofresultC.AdverbialofreasonABCB20/39[例7]NMET1997第12題Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式解析：該題考查動詞不定式做賓語使用方法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，所以B、C、不合題意。Wouldlove+不定式普通式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實現(xiàn)”意思。不定式時態(tài)和語態(tài)21/39[例8]NMET第14題Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.()A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

比如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B解析：不定式語態(tài)取決于它和主語以及被它修飾詞邏輯關系,被動關系用被動.22/39不定式[例9]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

解析：

該題考查不定式否定式作主補。要注意warn后跟詞方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.該題應該用①結構另外，not應放在to之前。不定式否定形式23/39V.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作狀語和定語使用方法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed24/39V.-ing形式例2asleepingbabyasleepingbagVing做定語時能夠用來修飾名詞狀態(tài)，用途，特點等。

boilingwaterboiledwateranexcitinggameanexcitedman

ving做定語時能夠強調動作進行以及主動關系，反之則用過去分詞25/39V.-ing形式例3.Iforgot_____mynamewhenIfinished____thecomposition.A.tosign,towritingB.tosign,writingC.signing,writing有些動詞后接todo為賓語，而有些則接ving，比如finish,suggest,mind,practise等，但要注意一下動詞forget，remember,regret,try，mean等既能夠加todo也可加doing，不過意義不一樣。B26/39過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析：1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語使用方法。動詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應是主語。2.“陷入深思”有兩種表示法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供語境可用結構B.（比較：Losinghimselfinthought,healmostran…）過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補語使用方法。27/39過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17題TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C，didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA

①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關系且過去分詞表示動作以完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關系。③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生動作。所以A是正確。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析28/39過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析：該題考查分詞作表語使用方法?！皌opaysb.bythehour”計時給某人酬勞。此題被動結構作表語。類似有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.29/39過去分詞4.作補語該題考查過去分詞作賓語補足語使用方法。theplan與carryout關系是被動關系。seesth.done這結構常見還有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET第22題Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析30/39歷年高考題1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan______(‘03上海春)A．kept

B．tobekept

C．keeping

D．beingkept

2.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement．A．ThepresidentwillattendB．Thepresidenttoattend(‘03上海春)C．ThepresidentattendedD．Thepresident'sattending3.Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference．A．invitedB．invitingC．beinginvitedD．havinginvited(‘03上春)4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive．(‘03上海春)A．tohaveplayed

B．toplayC．tobeplayed

D．tobeplayingADAB31/395.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.

Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding32/39

10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing33/3915.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.

(97上海12)

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.

(95上海20)

A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(96上海14)A.

topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.

notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading34/395.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice

20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn2.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid3.---Alettermaybetooslow.----Whynot____atelegram.A.trysendingB.trytosendC.totrysendingD.tryingtosend鞏固練習CDABAD35/391._____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided3.Is______necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.this B.that C.it D.he4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen5.Shepretended____theletterIwrotethedaybeforeyesterday.A.nottoreceiveB.notreceivingC.nottohearfromD.havingnotreceived6.Ican’timagine_____thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.workingNon-infinitive36/3914.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned15.Themurdererwa