2024屆四川省合江中學(xué)高三第四次模擬考試英語試卷含解析

2024屆四川省合江中學(xué)高三第四次模擬考試英語試卷注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號、考場號和座位號填寫在試題卷和答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型（B）填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼粘貼在答題卡右上角"條形碼粘貼處"。2．作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答案不能答在試題卷上。3．非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無效。4．考生必須保證答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．WhethertofavorurbandevelopmentorthepreservationofhistoricalsitesisespeciallycontroversialinChina,wherethereexistsrichhistory,diversifiedtraditionandcultural________.A．surplus B．deposits C．a(chǎn)ccounts D．receipts2．—Haveyoufoundthenewflatadvertisedinthenewspaper?—Yes.Butthecommunity____verylargeandInearlygotlostjustnow.A．hadbeen B．was C．willbe D．is3．Trytobeindependent,foryourparentscan'tdo________foryouallyourlife.A．something B．nothingC．everything D．a(chǎn)nything4．Takethemedicinerightaway!______ityesterday,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.A．Hadyoutaken B．WouldyoutakeC．Shouldyoutake D．Wereyoutotake5．___thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity’sgassupplysystemthoroughly.A．ToensureB．EnsuringC．HavingensuredD．Tohaveensured6．Thepalaceisheavilyguarded,becauseinsideitswalls________.A．wheresittheEuropeanleaders B．theEuropeanleaderstheresitC．sittheEuropeanleaders D．thattheEuropeanleaderssit7．Advertisingoftenfunctionsasanindicatorfor______societyconsiderstobesociallyacceptableanddesirableatthetime.A．what B．whetherC．how D．which8．Totellthetruth,IwouldratherI________thepaininsteadofyou.Youdon’tknowhowworriedIwas.A．took B．hadtakenC．havetaken D．shouldhavetaken9．Thebusdroppedmeoffandpulledaway_____IrealizedIhadleftmybagonit.A．whileB．beforeC．a(chǎn)fterD．since10．Afireworksdisplaywasorganized________theQueen’sbirthday.A．tomarkB．markedC．havingmarkedD．beingmarked11．Pleasecallmysecretarytoarrangeameetingthisafternoon，or____________itisconvenienttoyou.A．wherever B．howeverC．whichever D．whenever12．Itwasinthatsmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather________hespenthischildhood.A．that;where B．which;thatC．which;which D．that;which13．—Don’tmakeaspecialjourneytopickupthelaundryforme.—It’sOK.I________totheshopanyway.A．wasgoingB．willhavegoneC．havegoneD．willbegoing14．-Whodoyouthinkisabletofinishthejobintwodays?-It'shardtosay.Thiswouldappeartobe________fortherelativelyefficient.A．a(chǎn)sacredcowB．a(chǎn)HerculeantaskC．a(chǎn)Pandora'sboxD．a(chǎn)child'splay15．IowemycurrentsuccesstoDavid,mybestfriendsincechildhood,withoutwhomIhavenoideawhereI________today.A．a(chǎn)m B．wasC．wouldhavebeen D．wouldbe16．Oh!Theflowercan’tbesaved.Iftheflowerhadbeenwatered，itnow.A．wouldn’tbedying B．isdeadC．hadbeendead D．willnotdie17．CareersAdviceserviceisonlyavailabletopeopleonday-timecourses.A．tostudy B．studyC．studied D．studying18．Itwasonlyafterafamilyrelatedconversation______________Ifoundoutshewasactuallymydistantcousin.A．when B．thatC．which D．who19．—Dad,youshouldhavetakenmetothefootballmatchthismorning.—Ihadintendedto,butIcouldn’tspareanytime,I_____areport.A．hadwrittenB．wroteC．waswritingD．wouldwrite20．Istillfindithardtoimaginethatsuchacleverchild__________makesuchafoolishmistake.A．shall B．mustC．can D．should第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）Iamtravelinghome.Itisbitterlycoldandsnowy,butthewarmtrainisrightontime.IfeelpleasantlysatisfiedasIlookoutattherushhourtrafficonthemotorway.Ifeelmoresatisfiedasthesmelloffreshcoffeeannouncesthearrivalofthedrinksservice.Swissfriendsoftentellme,proudly,thattheirrailserviceisthebestintheworld,butrecently,oneexperiencehasprovedthatthegreatSwissloveaffairwiththeirrailwayhasturnedalittlesour.Itallbeganwiththedecisiontoendticketsalesontrains.OnecoldmorningIarrivedatmylocalstationonlytofindthattheticketmachinewasbroken.Nomatter,Ithought,Ihavegotasmartphone,andIhurriedlysetaboutbuyingmyticketthatway.ThiswasnotaseasyasIhadexpected,busyingmyselfbetweencreditcardandphonewithfreezingcoldfingers,but,bythetimeIgotonthetraintoGenevaIhadane-ticketandIproudlyshowedittotheconductor.Unfortunatelyshetoldmethatmyticketwasnotvalid.SeveralweekslateraletterarrivedfromSwissrailwaystogetherwithafinefor190francs($210).Thegoodpeopletheretellmetheformalpaymentformyticketfrommycreditcardcompanyarrivedfourminutesaftermytrainleftthestation.Thatmeans,theysay,thatIboughtmyticketonthetrain—andthatisstrictlyprohibited.Swissrailwayssaytheirpolicyisdesignedtoprotecthonestticket-payingpassengers,butaquicklookattheirbalancesheetsuggestssomethingelse.Thecompanyismakingabout$2millionamonthfromfines.Althoughtraintravelisstillpopular,thoseseatsdonotfeelascomfortable;thecoffeedoesnotsmellquitesogood—becauseSwissrailwayshavelost,fornowanyway,somethingfarmorepreciousthan$2millionamonth:goodrelationswiththeircustomers.1、Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A．TheSwisstrainsusuallycomelate.B．Trafficonthemotorwaygoessmoothly.C．TheauthorhatestravelingontheSwisstrain.D．TheauthorisgenerallypleasedwiththeSwissrailservice.2、Whydidtheconductorsaythattheauthor’se-ticketwasinvalid?A．Itwaspurchasedonline.B．Itwaspaidforafterthetrain’sdeparture.C．Itwaspurchasedonaticketmachine.D．Itwaspaidonasmartphone.3、Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingtheexperience?A．Thefinewasunfair.B．Theconductorwasimpolite.C．E-ticketsaregettingpopular.D．Creditcardscanbeinconvenient.4、WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewpolicyofSwissrailways?A．Itattractsmorepeopletotravelbytrain.B．Itmakesthecompanylosealotofmoney.C．Itdamagescompany-customerrelations.D．Itprotectshonestticket-payingpassengers.22．（8分）My17-year-olddaughterwentofftocollegeandhavingherawayfromhomebroughtbackmemoriesofwatchingPeterPanwhenshewaslittle.IntheclassicTVproduction,onesceneinparticularimpressedme:whenMrs.Darlingputsherchildrenintobed.Assheturnsoffthelastofthenightlight,shetakesonelastlookatthebedroomandsays,“Dearnightlightsprotectmysleepingchildren.”Asamother,Iknowhowmuchshelovesherchildren.Ithasbeenseveralweekssincewetookourdaughtertocollegeandsheseemstobeadjustingwellafterashortperiodofhomesickness.Forus,though,it’sanotherstory.Likemostparents,Ilovecheckinginonmychildrenatnight.Butnowshe’sgone,andIfindnighttimesthehardest.Imisshermostatnight.Inmyneighborhood,mostoftheparentswhosekidsareofftocollegearedealingwithsimilarmelancholy.Myhusbandisfilledwithanxiety.Onefriendtalkedaboutgettingthissickfeelinginherstomachasshepreparedforthecollegedrop-off.Wecomplainedthatmanyofusweretoobusytotrulyenjoybeingwithourchildrenwhilewehadthem.Forusmoms,seeingToyStory3onlymadethesadnessworseaswewatchedthecharacterAndy,whoisthesameageasourkids,saygoodbyetohischildhoodashepreparestoleaveforcollege.Andit’snotjust“first-time”parentslikeme.Twomomswhohavekidsalreadywellintocollegesaidtheseparationdidn’tgetanyeasier.“Youfeellikesomethinghasbeentakenawayfrominsideyou，”saidoneofthem.Iimaginethingswillgeteasierwithtime,especiallyasIseemydaughteradjusttocollegelife.Meanwhile,asIkeepmycellphoneclosetomeinbedandtextmydaughtergoodnightandsweetdreamseverynight,Iliketothinkatmessagesserveasanightlightthatkeepshersafe.1、ThewriterwasdeeplyimpressedbythesceneinPeterPanbecause________.A．shewatchedthescenewithherdaughterB．thescenewasveryexcitingandinterestingC．thescenetaughtherandherdaughteragoodlessonD．a(chǎn)samother,sheunderstoodhowmuchamotherlovedherchildren2、Afterherdaughterwenttocollege,thewriter________.A．didn’tgetusedtothechangeforalongtimeB．oftencriedasshemissedherdaughtersomuchC．realizedshehadn’tdoneenoughforherdaughterD．failedtohaveagoodsleepeverynight3、Whatistheunderlinedword“melancholy”inParagraph3similarinmeaningto?A．Happiness. B．Anger.C．Sadness. D．Excitement.4、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whydidthewriterkeephercellphoneclosetoherinbed?A．Tocallherdaughteranytime. B．Towaitforherdaughter’scalls.C．Tosaygoodnighttoherdaughter. D．Towaitforherdaughter’smessages.23．（8分）Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists(人類學(xué)家).Descriptionslike"Palaeolithic(舊石器時代的)Man"."Neolithic(新石器時代的)Man",etc.neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel"LeglessMan".Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:"inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Andthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday."Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprived(剝奪)oftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld.

Whenyoutravelbycarortrain,anunclearpictureofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,especially,aremixedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays"I'vebeenthere."Youmentiontheremotest,andsomeoneisboundtosay"I'vebeenthere"-meaning,"Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse."Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.

Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicaltiredness.Heknowsthatsound,satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.1、Anthropologistslabelmannowadays"LeglessMan"because_____.A．peopleprefercars,busesandtrainsB．peopleusetheirlegslessandlessC．liftspreventpeoplefromwalkingD．peopletravelwithoutusinglegs2、Accordingtothepassage,whatmightmakepeoplelosetherightofusingtheireyes?A．themodernmeansoftransportation.B．Abird’s-eyeviewoftheworld.C．Theunclearsightfromthevehicles.D．Thefast-pacedlifestyle.3、Fromthepassage,weknowtravelingathighspeedsmeans_______.A．a(chǎn)ppreciatingbeautifulsceneryB．experiencinglifeskillsC．focusingonthenextdestinationD．feelingphysicaltiredness4、Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Moderntransportationdeviceshavereplacedlegs.B．Travelingmakestheworldasmallplace.C．Human’shistorydevelopsveryfast.D．Thebestwaytotravelisonfoot.24．（8分）Mostparentsfeargettinglettershomefromtheirchildren’sschool.Theyareusuallyinformingthemthattheirchildisinbigtrouble.ButaheadoftheSATsexamsnextweek,oneschooldecidedtosendaletterofadifferenttype.BossesatBucktonValePrimarySchoolinStalybridgesentlettertoallpupilsinthesixthgradetotellthemhowspecialanduniquetheyare.Theletterhighlightsallthenaturalskillsandabilitiesthepupilshaveandeverythingthatmakesthem“smart’’individuals.Theyaretoldhowtheirlaughtercanbrightenthedarkestdayandthattheexaminersdonotknowthepupilsarekind,trustworthyandthoughtful.Theletter,signedbytheheadmasterandtwootherteachers,hasbeenputontheschool’sFacebookpageandsharedmorethan9.000timeswithmorethan7,000likes.Theletterreads,“NextweekyouwillsityourSATstestsformaths,reading,spelling,grammarandpunctuation.Weknowhowhardyouhaveworked,butthereissomethingveryimportantyoumustknow.TheSATstestdoesnotassessallthatmakeseachofyouspecialandunique.Thepeoplewhocreatethesetestsandscorethemdonotknoweachofyouinthewaythatwedoandcertainlynotinthewayyourfamiliesdo.”Thelettergoesontosaythatthetestsarenotthemostimportantthinginlife,adding,“Thescoresyouwillgetfromthistestwilltellyousomething,buttheywillnottellyoueverything.Therearemanywaysofbeingsmart.Youaresmart!”TheletterhasbeenwelcomedbymanyparentsonFacebook.LynnMcPhersonwrote,“That’sgreatinstilling(逐步灌輸)hope,faithandbelief.”AndMaryTillingsaid,“Everychildschoolreceiveoneofthese.Brilliant.”1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph1referto?A．Parent. B．Children.C．Teachers. D．Letters.2、What’sthepurposeofthelettersentbeforetheSATsexams?A．Tostresstheimportanceoftheexams.B．Tohelpthestudentspasstheexams.C．Tohelpthestudentstobuildconfidence.3、Whatmessagedoestheletterwanttoconvey?A．Everyonecanrealizehisdream.B．Everyonehashisuniquevalue.C．Examsaremeaninglessinourlife.D．Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.4、Theauthorgivestwoexamplesinthelastparagraphtoshow.A．theletterwaswellreceivedB．theletterwasatotalfailureC．theparentsareeasytopleaseD．theparentssupporttheirchildren25．（10分）EveryJanuary,morethan3,000peopletakepartinoneofthemostdifficultracesonEarth:theToughMancompetitionintheUK.Theparticipantsrun,swimandclimbaroundthe15kmcourse.Butthisisnonormalrace.Theserunnershavetocrawlthroughtunnels,runacrossafieldofnettles(蕁麻)andjumpoverfire.What’smore,thecompetitiontakesplaceinJanuarywhentemperaturesarefreezing.Peopletravelfromthroughouttheworldtoparticipateinit.Thecompetitionisquitedangerousandeveryyearthereareaccidents.Injurieslikebrokenbonesandcutsarequitecommon.One-thirdoftheparticipantsdonotcompleteit.Runnershavetobeveryathleticandmostpeopletrainalltheyeartoprepareforit.Therearesimilarevents,butthisisthefirstoneintheworld.Manypeopledothecompetitionbecauseitissofamous.Everyyeartheorganizerschangetheeventsandaddnewthings.Thismeansthatthecompetitionstaysthrillingandchallenging,sopeoplegobackyearafteryear.First,theparticipantsrun1kmalongamuddyroad.Next,theycrawlunderlownetsontheground.Afterthenets,therunnersjumpoffahighplatformintoalakeandswimfor1km.Then,theyreachthefieldoffire.Here,therunnersrunacrossafieldandjumpoversmallbonfires(篝火).Next,theparticipantsmustcrawlthroughalongtunnelwhichispartlyunderwater.Finally,therunnersrun2kmthroughnettlesbeforetheyreachthefinishingline.1、637．Accordingtothetext,theparticipantsinthecompetition________.A．a(chǎn)rerequiredtorun15kmB．maytaketheriskofbeinginjuredC．havetotakeamedicalexaminationD．a(chǎn)retrainedtodealwithemergencies2、639．WhatdowelearnabouttheToughMancompetition?A．Itisexcitingbutquitetough.B．Itisintendedforoverweightpeople.C．TheparticipantsaremainlyBritishnatives.D．Onlyone-thirdoftheparticipantscanmakeit.3、641．Toattractparticipants,theorganizersusually________.A．createmoreitemsB．holdthesimilaractivitiesC．holdthecompetitioninwinterD．organizethecompetitionindifferentcounties4、643．Thepurposeofthetextisto________.A．warntheparticipantsofdangerB．a(chǎn)dvertisetheToughMancompetitionC．introducetheToughMancompetitionD．informtheparticipantsofthecompetition第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）MymotheralwayssaysthatI’mborntodanceballet.ButthatSeptemberwhenIwasinaballetclassandwenttodoaturn,somethingjusthappened.IhearditandIsurely1it.IwentrighttoadoctorandgotanX-rayexamination,which2alotofdamagetomyknee—a(n)3injuryforadancer.Ihadtohavea(n)4EverythinghadbeengoingsowellandnowIhadthishugeinjury.Dancewasmylife,but5,Iwasn’tgoingtobeabletodoitforayearor6neveragain.Mydadwasreallyabiginspirationforme.Hewas7abattleagainstcanceratthattime.Heshowedmehowtomakeitthrougha8situation.Ithoughtthatifhecoulddothat,Icouldhandlethis,too.9myoperation,Ihadgreatdifficultywalking,butIknewthatifIreallyworkedhard,myinjurywouldheal.Severalmonthslater,Idefinitelywasn’tatmystrongest,butIcould10aclass.ThedancingIdidwas11atfirst—movesthatmykneecouldhandle.Oncewestartedpracticinginthefall,Iwasbeginningtofeellikemyself12Oneday,I13thescheduleandmynamewasnexttoEliotFeld.Ithoughtitmustbea(n)14becauseheisveryfamousintheballetworld.Butitwasn’t.He15meandtaughtmealotofthings.Atl8,Ihadasoloperformance!Itwasabig16Iwassoexcitedandfeltlikearealballerina.Afterthe17,Eliotsaid,“Youknow,youhavea(n)18—andyouarealsomadeofsteel.”That,comingfromhim,wasthe19compliment(贊美)Ihaveeverreceived.I’dliketothinkthat20myinjurymademestrong.1、A．touched B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．broke D．felt2、A．pointed B．said C．read D．showed3、A．necessary B．deadly C．practical D．important4、A．holiday B．cry C．operation D．test5、A．intime B．a(chǎn)llofasudden C．a(chǎn)tpresent D．onceinawhile6、A．possibly B．luckily C．surprisingly D．hardly7、A．leading B．fighting C．losing D．inventing8、A．wonderful B．difficult C．positive D．heavy9、A．After B．During C．At D．Over10、A．setout B．takeup C．breakinto D．getthrough11、A．basic B．quick C．formal D．hard12、A．before B．then C．a(chǎn)gain D．too13、A．stole B．borrowed C．faced D．checked14、A．mistake B．opportunity C．problem D．task15、A．held B．obeyed C．encouraged D．received16、A．surprise B．secret C．success D．position17、A．speech B．performance C．competition D．match18、A．gift B．chance C．luck D．exercise19、A．simplest B．deepest C．greatest D．smartest20、A．dealingwith B．lettingout C．settingup D．turningto第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）WolfWarriorIIissuchahitthatithasputChinainthe1．(globe)spotlight.Sinceitsfirstofficialrelease,thefilm2．(receive)praiseforitspatrioticplot,actionsequences,specialvisualeffectsandthecast’sperformances.It’salsothefirstfilmtotastesuccessbothintermsofboxofficeearnings3．promotingChinesevalues.ThefilmfocusesonarescueoperationinAfrica,4．(lead)byLengFeng,playedbyWuJing,thewriteranddirectorofthefilm,whichis5．(loose)basedonthetrueeventsofthe2011evacuation(撤離)ofChinesepeoplefromLibya,thefilmdescribeshowtheChinesegovernmentaims6．(protect)overseasChinesecitizens.Just7．themessageattheendofthefilmreads:“Whenyouencounterdangerinaforeignland,donotgiveup!Pleaseremember,atyourback8．(stand)astrongmotherland.”China’s9．(rise)militarypoweranditspositiveroleintheworldhavebroughtoutabiggersenseofprideamongyoungpeopleinChina.Itisreported10．ChinahasselectedWolfWarriorIiasitsentryinthebestforeign-languagefilmcategoryatnextyear’sOscars.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2、只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不記分。StartedinSeptemberof2003,smilecardsbeganappearingallaroundaworld、Theyaremarkerofabrandnewgameoftag,where"you'reit"becausesomeonehasdoneanythingniceforyou、Thenit'syourturntodosomethingniceforsomeoneelsebut,intheprocess,passthecardalong、Thiswasagameofpay-it-forward:makesomeonesmilewithoutgivingoutthename,leavebehindacardaskthemtokeepitgoing、It'seasyandfunny、Iskindnesstrulycontagious?There'sonlyonewaytofindout—jointhefun!Getyoursmilecards,readuponsomekindnessideas,andgetstarted!第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）29．（25分）假設(shè)你叫李華，你的美國筆友Sara給你寫信，提到自己偏胖，想節(jié)食減肥，征求你的意見。請你給她回一封信，談?wù)勀銓υ搯栴}的見解。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：1.健康的重要性2.學(xué)生的任務(wù)3.給sara的合理的健康減肥建議要求：1.詞數(shù)100個左右；2.文章開頭已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Ihavereceivedandreadyourletter,inwhichyoumentionedthatyouwantedtoloseweightbydieting.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________