英語(yǔ)人教必修5導(dǎo)學(xué)筆記Unit1PeriodThree

PeriodThreeGrammar—ThePastParticiple(1)astheAttributeandPredicative課文原句感知1．Buthebecameinspired(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposed(expose)tocholera.2．Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffected(affect)persondied.3．Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpolluted(pollute)bythedirtywaterfromLondon.4．NicolausCopernicuswasfrightened(frighten)andhismindwasconfused(confuse)．5．Heplacedafixed(fix)sunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1．意義：及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示被動(dòng)和完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成。(1)表示被動(dòng)和完成apollutedriver一條被污染的河流thewateredflowers澆過(guò)水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起的太陽(yáng)2．位置：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的前面；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的后面，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.＝Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的那個(gè)學(xué)生是我女兒。注意：過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.討論過(guò)的那個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。Thehousestandingatthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。(2)時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(thechangingworld變化著的世界,thechangedworld改變了的世界))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(boilingwater沸騰的水,boiledwater開(kāi)水))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家,developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家))二、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1．意義：用在系動(dòng)詞后面，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。Shelookeddisappointed.她看上去很失望。Wewereencouragedatthenews.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我們很受鼓舞。2．過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)從形式上與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相同，但被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作。試比較：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Thebookiswellwritten.這本書(shū)寫(xiě)得好。,Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.,這本書(shū)是由一位士兵寫(xiě)的。))拓展你知道下列各組詞在作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別嗎？exciting/excited，interesting/interested，disappointing/disappointed，encouraging/encouraged，puzzling/puzzled，surprising/surprised，pleasing/pleased，confusing/confused，moving/moved，terrifying/terrifiedeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Thenewsisexciting.這個(gè)消息是令人興奮的。,Herexcitedvoicesuggestedthatshewasexcited.,她激動(dòng)的聲音表明她很興奮。))Whenheheardthemovingstory，hewasdeeplymoved.當(dāng)他聽(tīng)到這個(gè)感人的故事時(shí)，他深受感動(dòng)。單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Jimhasretired，buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.(2017·北京)2．...IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ)3．Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution，I’dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2012.(2016·浙江)4．Inartcriticism，youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehidden(hide)withinthework.(2016·江蘇)5．Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientorannoyed(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings？(2016·上海)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thisisthestatueofasoldierseated(seat)onahorse.2．WhenIenteredhisroom，hewasburied(bury)inhisbooks.3．Someofthepeopleinvited(invite)tothepartycouldn’te.4．Heistalkingwithamancalled(call)MrWang.5．Hewasdiscouraged(discourage)whenheheardhismother’swords.Ⅱ.完成句子6．據(jù)說(shuō)這是一座由一個(gè)年輕工程師設(shè)計(jì)的橋。Itissaidthatthisisabridgedesignedbyayoungengineer.7．你為什么看起來(lái)這么失望？Whyareyoulookingsodisappointed?8．那些受傷的孩子在這個(gè)醫(yī)院里得到了很好的照料。Theinjuredchildrenweretakengoodcareofinthishospital.9．我們到校時(shí)，老人正在掃地上的落葉。Whenwegottoschool，theoldmanwassweepingthefallenleavesontheground.10．這個(gè)男孩在踢足球時(shí)，摔斷了左腿。Whiletheboywasplayingfootball，hisleftleggotbroken.Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2018·寧波余姚中學(xué)高二期中)Manyteachersbelievethathandsonexperienceisthe11.best(good)waytolearn.AgroupofstudentsintheUnitedStatesareputtingthatbelieftothetest.They12.successfully(success)designedandbuiltarobotfordiscoveringunexploredmines13.atthebottomofthesea.Studentsmadetherobot14.toanswer(answer)achallengefromtheUSDepartmentofDefense.Thestudentsrecentlytestedtheunderwatervehicle15.called(call)PerseusⅡina95meterlongtankofwaterattheStevensInstituteofTechnology.Therobotcostsabout15,000tobuild.Thestudentsuseavideogamecontroltodirect16.its(it)movementsinthetank.What’smore，devicesknownasJapters17.enable(able)therobottogoup，downandtowarditstargetinthewater.Videocamerasontherobotsendimagesbacktoaputerthrougha13meterlongcable.PerseusⅡ，18.whichthestudentsworkedupto20hoursaweektodesignandbuild，alsohas19.asetoflasers(激光)，usedtomeasurethesizeofanobject.DeLormesupervisedtheprojectfrom20.beginning(begin)toend.Hesaidthespecializedrequirementsofrobotsweredemanding.Ⅰ.閱讀理解Twelveyearsago，RachelMillerwaslostwhenitcametohersonJohn.The7yearoldwasseriouslydisabledbecauseofhisautism(自閉癥)．Unabletospeak，hewithdrewfrompeopleatschooland，worse，fromhisfamily.InMarch2003，MillerwasintroducedtoJeffHancock，aoneononetherapist(治療師)forpeoplewithautism.HancockwashiredtobeJohn’spanion.Thetwowouldgopeoplewatchingatthemallontheweekend.Hancockchattedthroughouttheirtrips，eventhoughJohncouldn’ttalkback.TheirrelationshipdevelopedwhenHancockintroducedJohntotheSpecialOlympics.WheneverJohnwasrunningorbeingactive，hewassmiling.WhenJohnturned12，HancockintroducedhimtotrackattheSpecialOlympics.Forthefirstthreeyears，thepairjustobservedthesportbywatchingpracticesandevents.HancockworkeddailywithJohn，showinghimeverything，includingwheretosit，standandwalk，sohewouldunderstandtheflowoftheevents.Eventually，thelessonsclicked，andJohnwasoffdoing50metersprints.ButasJohngotolder，hegotstrongerandfaster.At16，hewasjumpinghurdlesanddoing800meterraces.Millerstartedseeinghersonasaseriousathlete.InMay2014，John’strainingbroughthimtotheSpecialOlympicsStateSummerGamesinOrlando.The18yearoldwaspetinginthe800metersandthe110meterhurdles.Asthe800wassettingup，Millerremembered，shepressedherfaceagainstthefence，anxiouslywaitingforJohntopete.Butassoonastheracestarted，allMillersawwasanathlete，herathlete.“Ijustwantedtoseethebestperformance.Itseemedmuchmoresignificantthanwhetherhewouldeverspeakorrespondtome，”shesaid.Johnendedupwinningthegoldmedalforthe800.SportspletelychangedJohn，andMillersaidthatisbecauseofHancock.“Apersonwithadisabilitycanfeelhopelessandisolated，andIthinkthatcanhappentoparents，too.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文講述了一個(gè)患有自閉癥的孩子如何成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)合格運(yùn)動(dòng)員的故事。1．Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus.A．howRachelMillerfelt12yearsagoB．howseriousJohn’sautismwasC．Johnwasn’tgoodatmunicationD．whenJohnbecameseriouslydisabled答案B解析段落大意題。通讀第一段可知，本段主要講RachelMiller很為兒子憂心，因?yàn)樗加凶蚤]癥，而且很?chē)?yán)重。故選B。2．MillerconsideredJohntobeaseriousathlete.A．in2011 B．in2012C．in2013 D．in2014答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句“At16，hewasjumpinghurdlesanddoing800meterraces.Millerstartedseeinghersonasaseriousathlete.”可知，在十六歲時(shí)，米勒把約翰看作是一個(gè)認(rèn)真的運(yùn)動(dòng)員；由第六段可知，2014年時(shí)約翰十八歲，由此可推知他十六歲時(shí)應(yīng)是2012年。故選B。3．WhenMillersawJohn’sperformanceinthe800，shefelt.A．curious B．a(chǎn)mazedC．delighted D．upset答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段提到“Ijustwantedtoseethebestperformance.Itseemedmuchmoresignificantthanwhetherhewouldeverspeakorrespondtome...”可知，約翰的表現(xiàn)非常好，朱勒當(dāng)然感到高興。故選C項(xiàng)。4．Thepassageismainlycarriedout.A．bygivingexamples B．inasadtoneC．inspaceorder D．intimeorder答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章提到的時(shí)間Twelveyearsago，InMarch2003，WhenJohnturned12，At16，InMay2014可知，文章是按照時(shí)間順序來(lái)講述的。故選D項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.完形填空(2017·遼寧葫蘆島市一中高二期中)YearsagowhenIvolunteeredatahomelessshelter，Italkedwithaboy，Albert.Hesaidhelikedmy5.“Doyouwanttoseemine？”hesaid，6hisleg.Hewasbarefoot.Hesaidhe’dbeenmeaningtopickupapairbuthadn’tgottenone.Ifelta7feelinginmystomach.AfewdayslaterIwasathomehelpingto8mydaughter.IsmiledwhenI9thesocksoverherfeet.Atthatmoment，Albertflashedinmy10.Atnoon，Iwenttoadepartmentstoreand11ashoppingcartwithsocks—nothing12，justwhitecottonmen’ssocks.Thenextmorning，IdrovetothePalisadesPark，whichisamonovernightdestinationfor13individuals，Igrabbedoneofthe14frommytrunkandwalkedacrossthegrass.Itwasdarkout.Itwasabeautifulfeelingto15beforethesunandmostlivingthings.Iheadedforagroupofthreemen.Twowereasleepandthethirdwasdiggingthroughhisshoppingcart.Itwasloadedwithplasticbottlesandsomeclothes，andafewbooks—most16，everythingheownedinthisworld.AsIwalkedtowardhim，heturnedand17me，perhapsquestioningmyintention.“Ithoughtyoumight18somenewsocks，”Itoldhim，handinghimapair.Helooked19atfirstbuttookthem，smiledandsaid，“Thankyou.”Igavetwomore20forhispartners.I21.After20minutes，Ireturnedforthesecondbag.Anhourlater，I22allthesocks.Mostpeopleweresleeping，andIfeltlikea(n)23SantaClaus.Iknewwhentheywokeuptheywouldfindaverymeaningful24.Thatgavemeanamazingfeeling.語(yǔ)篇解讀作者在一次收容所的志愿活動(dòng)中，聽(tīng)到一個(gè)男孩說(shuō)自己想要雙襪子卻不可得。后來(lái)作者去當(dāng)?shù)氐墓珗@給流浪漢分發(fā)襪子，并體會(huì)到助人的愉悅。5．A.books B．bagsC．socks D．trousers答案C解析根據(jù)下文的“‘Doyouwanttoseemine？’hesaid，hisleg.Hewasbarefoot.”可知，孩子喜歡作者的襪子。故選C。6．A.lifting B．hidingC．folding D．bending答案A解析孩子讓我看他的腳，可以推知，此處意為：抬起腿。lift抬起。故選A。7．A.genuine B．strongC．curious D．sinking答案D解析看到孩子光著腳并說(shuō)一直想要一雙襪子，作者的內(nèi)心是沮喪的。sinking沮喪的。故選D。8．A.feed B．dressC．teach D．fort答案B解析根據(jù)下文的“IsmiledwhenIthesocksoverherfeet.”可知，作者在幫女兒穿衣服。dress給……穿衣服。9．A.threw B．touchedC．wrapped D．slid答案D解析當(dāng)我把襪子穿在女兒腳上時(shí)，我想到了那個(gè)光腳的男孩。slide(使)滑動(dòng)，悄聲地移動(dòng)。故選D。10．A.position B．viewC．mind D．room答案C解析我想起了那個(gè)男孩。mind心里，腦海。故選C。11．A.filled B．equippedC．decorated D．exchanged答案A解析我去超市買(mǎi)襪子，放滿了手推車(chē)。fill充滿。故選A。12．A.ugly B．cheapC．difficult D．fancy答案D解析根據(jù)下文的“justwhitecottonmen’ssocks”可知，我買(mǎi)的襪子只是普通的白色男士棉襪，沒(méi)有任何華麗的裝飾。fancy華麗的。故選D。13．A.wealthy B．homelessC．lazy D．proud答案B解析根據(jù)下文的描述可知，我前往一個(gè)給無(wú)家可歸的人們居住的地方。homeless無(wú)家可歸的。故選B。14．A.parcels B．containersC．bags D．boxes答案C解析根據(jù)下文的“After20minutes，Ireturnedforthesecondbag.”可知，此處選C。15．A.getup B．leavebehindC．getback D．turndown答案A解析此處的意思為“起得早的感覺(jué)非常好”。getup起床。故選A。16．A.unbelievably B．strangelyC．importantly D．likely答案D解析車(chē)?yán)锏臅?shū)和衣服等可能就是這個(gè)流浪者在這個(gè)世界上所擁有的一切。likely很可能，或許。故選D。17．A.attacked B．watchedC．found D．a(chǎn)sked答案B解析當(dāng)我走到他身邊時(shí)，他轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)看著我。watch注視。故選B。18．A.choose B．purchaseC．need D．donate答案C解析我想你或許需要一些新襪子。根據(jù)上文可知答案。need需要。19．A.confused B．a(chǎn)shamedC．shocked D．happy答案A解析根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，突然有陌生人提供襪子，他剛開(kāi)始應(yīng)該是疑惑的。confused疑惑的。故選A。20．A.socks B．packagesC．dollars D．pairs答案D解析此處應(yīng)是我又拿出了兩雙襪子給他的同伴。pair一雙。所以選D。21．A.talked B．movedC．played D．held答案B解析根據(jù)下文可知，此處指作者離開(kāi)他們，繼續(xù)給其他人分發(fā)襪子。move移動(dòng)。22．A.soldout B．putawayC．gaveout D．turnedaway答案C解析我的襪子分發(fā)完了。giveout分發(fā)。故選C。23．A.real B．honestC．grateful D．reliable答案A解析我感覺(jué)自己像一個(gè)真正的圣誕老人。real真正的。故選A。24．A.book B．changeC．life D．present答案D解析我知道當(dāng)他們醒來(lái)的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這份有意義的禮物。present禮物。故選D。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2017·安徽師大附中高二月考)Youaretwentyoneyearsoldandliveahappyand25.peaceful(peace)life.Butoneday，yourdoctortellsyouthatyouhaveaseriousdiseaseandwilldiesoon.Whatwouldyoudo？26.Probably(probable)mostofusmightfeelverysadandgiveupourdreamsandhopesforthefuture.Hereis27.whatthegreatscientist，StephenHawking，did.Hawkingwasn’t28.discouraged(discourage)becauseofhisphysicalcondition.Instead，hewentonwithhisstudyoftheuniverse.In2002，Hawking29.wasinvited(invite)toChina.HetoldChinesestudentsabouthistheoriesandthoughts30.onsomeofthegreatestquestions：whatistime，howtheuniversebegan，andwhatareblackholes.Heimpressedtheaudiencewithhishumor,31.confidence(confident)andofcoursehiswisdom.Hawkingbecamefamousintheearly1970s.In1988，hewroteABriefHistoryofTime，in32.whichheexplaineddifficulttheoriesinasimpleway.Thebook33.hasbeenselling(sell)wellsinceitcameout.StephenHawkingisamanwithastrongwillandheisregardedasthe34.greatest(great)mindinphysicssinceAlbertEinstein.Ⅳ.概要寫(xiě)作(2018·溫州“十五校聯(lián)合體”高二期中聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Whenwasthelasttimeyousentsomeonealetterbyregularmail？ThankstotheInternet，manypeopleprefertosendemailsratherthanmaillettersusingthepostalsystem.Youngpeopleenteringtheworkingworldtodayfindthemselvessendingandreplyingtohundredsofbusinessrelatedemailseveryweek.However，manyofthesesameyoungpeopledon’tseemtoknowsomebasicruleswhenitestosendingemailsatwork.Mostofthepeoplesaidtheydidn’tchecktheirspellingorpunctuation(標(biāo)點(diǎn))beforehitting“send”．Evenmoresurprisingwasthat5%ofthemsaidtheysometimesendemailstotheirbosswiththewords“l(fā)oveandkisses！”Whilethisisfineforpersonalmessagestofriendsandlovedones，itisnormallyconsideredimpro