- 2024年新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫思維培優(yōu)專題17 如何細化肢體動作 講義

專題17如何細化肢體動作動詞是英語遣詞造句、體現(xiàn)語言描述功能的主角，很多句子都包含動作的描寫。要想把動作寫的生動有畫面感，主要有兩種思路：構造“動作鏈”和“動作面”。動詞是英語遣詞造句、體現(xiàn)語言描述功能的主角，很多句子都包含動作的描寫。要想把動作寫的生動有畫面感，主要有兩種思路：構造“動作鏈”和“動作面”。一、一、構造“動作鏈”比如上車這個動作，很多同學會把其寫的比如上車這個動作，很多同學會把其寫的非常單一，諸如“Hegotintothecar.”這樣的句子。但實際上，記敘文就像拍電影，所有的場景都是一幅幅畫面連續(xù)串接的結果。我們可以把這個簡單的動作按時間拆分成一條“動作鏈”：【攔車】——【上車】——【告訴司機目的地】再比如2017年6月浙江卷讀后續(xù)寫中可能會寫到“用肉把狼引開”的情節(jié)，其中扔肉這個簡單的動作同樣可以按時間拆分成：【拿出肉】——【瞄準狼】——【扔出去】①①“動作鏈”結構1：A,BandC動作細節(jié)描寫中寫到一連串的幾個動作時，我們可以使用并列謂語來表達。我們常?？梢杂谩癆andB”或者“A,BandC”這兩種結構來處理。當然，也沒有必要在一個句子中塞進所有的動作2~4個動作是比較合理的。在讀后續(xù)寫中使用動作鏈的方法：邏輯連接：動作鏈的每個環(huán)節(jié)都應該與前后環(huán)節(jié)有邏輯上的關聯(lián)，使整個鏈條自然流暢。感官描寫：在動作鏈中加入對感官的描寫，如視覺、聽覺、觸覺等，可以讓讀者更全面地感受到場景。情感表達：利用動作鏈展示人物內(nèi)心的情感變化，使讀者更深入地了解人物的心理狀態(tài)。細節(jié)描寫：增加一些細節(jié)描寫，如動作的細微變化、環(huán)境的變化等，讓故事更具生動感。時間流逝：利用動作鏈展示時間的流逝，有助于讀者感受到故事的發(fā)展和事件的推移。例1看到失散多年的兒子，她將其一把抱住?？梢园选氨А边@個動作按時間拆分為：沖上前，摟入懷中。再用“AandB”Shedashedforward,andgatheredhersonintoherarms.例2先看一眼獎杯，深吸一口氣，說道：“謝謝!”。用“A,BandC”這個結構：Sheglancedatthetrophy,tookadeepbreathandsaid,“Thankyou!”例3：發(fā)表獲獎感言。按時間拆分為：先看一下獎杯，深吸一口氣，說道：“謝謝吞吞！”，再用A,BandC這個結構：Sheglancedatthetrophy,tookadeepbreathandsaid,“ThankTUNTUN!”此外，A,BandC也不一定都表示連續(xù)的動作，有時也可以表示并列，比如下面這兩個例子。例4：Weyelledatthebear,hitpotshard,andfiredblankshotgunshellsintotheair.翻譯：我們沖著這只熊大喊，猛烈地敲鍋，還沖著天上開空槍。例5：Everynight,lyingawakeinbed,Iwaitedforthethetraintostop,waitedforthesoundofhisworkbootsdroppingonthestep,andwaitedforhisvoicecalling,“I’mhome!”翻譯：每天晚上，我醒著躺在床上，等待火車到站，等待他的工作靴落在臺階上的聲音，等待他說“我到家了”?！癮nd”連接多個并列謂語動詞1.Shewalkedtothecashregisterandpaidthemoney.2.Irushedhome,searchedthroughmycollectionofhats,andgrabbedthecottonone.3.Hestoppedthetaxi,jumpedinwiththesuitcaseandtoldthedriver,"Gotothepolicestation,please.”4.Theboysrushedexcitedlytothelake,tookofftheirclothesandjumpedintothewater.5.Shedashedforward,kneltdownandgatheredhersonintoherarms.6.Thesingerglancedattheaudience,tookadeepbreathandbegantosing.7.Wecrossedbigriversandvastplains,climbedhighmountains,andoverlookeddeepvalleys.8.Hereacheddeepintohispocket，pulledoutahandfulofchange，andheldituptothefarmer.9.Heputonhiscoat,stormedoutandslammedthedoorshut.10.Lornacametothewindow,openeditandlookedoutupatthenightsky.②“動作鏈”結構②“動作鏈”結構2：Havingdone...動作鏈除了用連詞以外，也能用非謂語動詞銜接動作。比如，“征戰(zhàn)多年后，戰(zhàn)士回到家中，發(fā)現(xiàn)家人已經(jīng)搬走了?！盚avingfoughtinthewarforyears,thesoliderreturnedtohishome,onlytofindhisfamilieshadmovedaway.例1征戰(zhàn)多年后，戰(zhàn)士回到家中，發(fā)現(xiàn)家人已經(jīng)搬走了。Havingfoughtinthewarforyears,thesoldierreturnedtohishome,onlytofindhisfamilieshadmovedaway.這句話的三個動作中，中間的returned為謂語動詞，前后分別用了havingdone和todo兩種非謂語形式。havingdone可以表示“已經(jīng)做了……”,onlytodo是結果狀語。比如這句話中，就強調(diào)這個戰(zhàn)士在沙場上征戰(zhàn)多年后才回到了家鄉(xiāng)。例2排了三個小時的隊后，他被告知票賣完了。Hequeuedfor3hours,andwastoldthattheticketshadbeensoldout.Havingqueuedfor3hours,hewastoldthattheticketshadbeensoldout.例3：排了三個小時的隊后，他被告知票賣完了。Havingqueuedfor3hours,hewastoldthattheticketshadbeensoldout.例4：哈利波特收到光輪2000后高興得不知所措。HavingreceivedtheNimbus2000,HarryPotterwassohappythathewasatalosswhattodo.③③使用非謂語-ing現(xiàn)在分詞，凸顯主動，同一對象同時發(fā)生不同的動作。例1老人靜坐/老人靜坐=坐在夕陽下+看報紙+聽廣播Theoldmansatunderthesunset,readingthenewspaperandlisteningtotheradio.例2他欣喜若狂，在雨中又唱又跳。Hewasoverwhelmedwithjoy,singinganddancingintherain.-ed過去分詞，凸顯被動例1“孩子們哭了”感動哭了=被感動+哭了Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.例2被老師的話所鼓舞，Lucy舉起了手，小聲說，“我來。Encouragedbytheteacher'swords,Lucyraisedherhand,whispering,“I’lldoit.”例3被眼前的這一幕嚇壞了，他一動不動，不知道該說什么。Terrifiedbythesceneinfrontofhim,hewasrootedtothespot,beingatalosswhattosay.故該處用過去分詞bought。)非謂語動詞表達多個動作1.Walkingtothedoorway,Jennytookadeepbreath.2.Holdingthenecklaceinherhand,Jennyliftedherlip,tearsbeginningtoblurhervision.3.Hearingthis,hermothersmiled,pattingherbackgently.4.Hedoveintothewater,kickinghislegsandstretchinghisarmsasfarashecould.5.Seeingthecoatinthebag,helookedveryastonishedandthencalledhismothertogoout.6.Feelingstrongernow.Janewalkedalongthestream,hopingthatitwouldleadhertothelake.7.Standingbesidetheemptyroad,theylookedupintothesky,feelingthepreciouspeacefromwithin.8.Throwingtheovercoatacrossherarm,shecrossedthehallquietly.9.Rushingtowardsthedoor,sheopenedit,saying,“Here,EdmondhereIam”.10.Hismother,standingatthedoor,criedtearsofjoy.11.Puttingthebookwhereitbelonged,theboytiptoedoutoftheroomaslightlyaspossible.12.Janegottoherfeetshakily,approachedherhusbandandthrewherselfintohisarms,sobbinguncontrollablyonhisshoulders.二、二、編織動作“面”動作鏈是一個人的動作的依次連貫。但是若是想要描述具有畫面感，還可以通過構造“動作面”來讓語言更豐富。我們可以從整體到局部，從肢體面部到語言心理，從多個角度去描繪一個場景，構造動作面。而構造動作面時，最常用的語法結動作鏈是一個人的動作的依次連貫。但是若是想要描述具有畫面感，還可以通過構造“動作面”來讓語言更豐富。我們可以從整體到局部，從肢體面部到語言心理，從多個角度去描繪一個場景，構造動作面。而構造動作面時，最常用的語法結構就是非謂語動詞,我們可以從肢體、面部、語言和心理等多個維度來刻畫場景。比如：他面帶殺氣，振臂一揮，大喊：“放箭！”。該句分別從面部表情、肢體動作和語言的角度進行刻畫，從而把整個場景編制成一個飽滿的動作面。①“動作面”結構①“動作面”結構1:Doing...,主句，doing...例1：Standingbesidetheemptyroad,theylookedupintothesky,feelingthepreciouspeacefromwithin.他們站在空曠的路邊，仰望著天空，感受著這份珍貴的平靜。例2：Gatheringaroundthecampfire,theyfeastedonBBQ,enjoyingtheunforgettablemoment.圍在營火旁，他們吃著燒烤，享受著這一令人難忘的時光。②“動作面”結構②“動作面”結構2:Done...,主句，doing...例1：Terrifiedbythesceneinfrontofhim,hewasrootedtothespot,beingatalosswhattosay.被眼前的這一幕嚇壞了，他一動也不動，不知道該說什么。例2：Encouragedbytheteachers’words,Lucyraisedherhand,whispering,“I’lldoit.”被老師的話所鼓舞，露西舉起了手，小聲說，“我來?！雹邸皠幼髅妗苯Y構③“動作面”結構3:主句，doing...anddoing...例1：Hewasoverwhelmedwithjoy,singinganddancingintherain.他欣喜若狂，在雨中又唱又跳。例2：Heclappedhishandswithexcitement,noddingandsmiling.他激動地鼓掌，一邊點頭，一邊微笑。④“動作面”結構④“動作面”結構4(With)...doing/done...,主句，doing...例1：Withhisheaddrooping,heleanedonthetree,reflectingonwhathadhappened.他頭耷拉著，背靠在樹上，反思之前發(fā)生的一切。三、三、“三招式”完成動作描寫袁枚說過袁枚說過:“一切詩文,總須字立紙上,不可字臥紙上。人活則立,人死則臥,用筆亦然”。這個“活”就要依賴動作描寫，因為動詞的最突出特點就是“活”。人物的每一個行動都受其思想、性格制約。因此，具體、細致地描寫某一人物在某一情況下所做出的反應，主要是動作反應，就勢必顯示出了這一人物的內(nèi)心活動、處世態(tài)度、思想品質(zhì)。成功的動作描寫可以交代人物的身份、地位，可以反映人物心理活動的進程，表現(xiàn)人物的性格特征，創(chuàng)造生動的畫面和活躍的場景，推動情節(jié)的發(fā)展。招式招式一：精致措辭具體替代籠統(tǒng)常見動詞升級示例：“說”：低語whisper/mumble/murmur，結巴：stutter，宣布announce/declare，保證promise/assure，建議propose/suggest，喊叫：cryout/shout/scream/yell/exclaim/howl（因疼痛、憤怒、開心等）大聲叫喊，roar咆哮，吼叫，sign嘆息boast自夸“看”：catchaglanceof瞥一眼/stareat/gazeat凝視/glareat怒視/glueone’seyesto盯著;sbcan’ttakeone’seyesoff無法將視線移開castameaningful/suspiciouslookatsb意味深長地/懷疑地看著blink眨眼looksbintheeye直視“走”：walk/stroll散步,tiptoe/creep手躡腳地走，slip,stealinto溜走，march齊步走stride/prance闊步走pace踱步limp蹣跚“抓”：seize/grasp/grab/clutch/takeholdof/catchholdof/holdonto“跑”：rush/dash/race猛沖,急速移動；risetoone’sfeet站起來；spring/jumptoone’sfeet一躍而起,跳起；slide/slipinto溜進；fleeaway逃跑“跳”：spring/jumptoone’sfeet一躍而起,跳起；risetoone’sfeet站起來“哭”：weep,sob(啜泣)“吃”：bite(咬)chew（咀嚼)swallow(吞下)技法示例：1.她看了一眼。Sheglancedathim.升級：Sheshotherameaningfullook.她向他意味深長地看了一眼。2.貝利緊盯著他。Bellilookedathimclosely.升級：Belli’sdiamondeyeslockedontoher.貝利鉆石般的眼睛緊盯著她。3.我把他的名字忘記了。Iforgothisname.升級：Hisnamehadcompletelyslippedfrommymemory.他的名字，我竟忘得一干二凈。4.小男孩對他媽媽說對不起。Thelittleboysaidsorrytohismother.招式二：動作過程：一幀變?nèi)龓ǚ纸夂喜⒚阑┥墸赫惺蕉簞幼鬟^程：一幀變?nèi)龓ǚ纸夂喜⒚阑㏒tep1分解動作Dividetheactionintoseveralsteps；Step2合并動作Combineachainofactionstogether；Step3美化動作Modifyandbeautifytheaction；類型1：主語+謂語A,BandC.動作鏈一般以三連動為主，多個動作一氣呵成，緊湊而有節(jié)奏感，使得描寫非常生動。[注意]動作鏈的三個或者以上的動作，必須在時態(tài)上保持一致，常常采用A,BandC的格式。我參加頒獎儀式的上臺動作:面帶微笑—走上舞臺—驕傲地挺起胸膛Iworeasmileonmyface,strodeontothestageandpuffedoutmychestwithpride.獲獎后老師對我的贊揚的動作：朝我眨眼睛—豎起了大拇指—綻放笑容Iwasgreetedbymyteacher'ssmilingeyes.“Welldone!”heblinkedatme,gavemeathumbs-upandbroadenedaradiant（燦爛的）smile.[注意]也可以加上介詞詞組或者副詞對動作進行美化：with+情感名詞的搭配：withdelight/excitement/pleasure/happiness/joy/satisfaction/anger/rage/patience/fear/terror/embarrassment/pride/caution/care/patience/certaintywith+身體部位：withhisbrighteyes/itssharpteeth/hershakyhand/herpalelips…in+名詞：insurprise/amazement/shock/sorrow傷心inahigh/low/sweet/loud/soft/weakvoice用..的嗓音inatoneofsurprise/curiosity/impatience/regret/command用...的語氣副詞suddenly/immediately/instantly/rapidly/firmly/slowly/angrily/happily/excitedlyWithagiantsmileonherface,shedashedforward,kneltdownandgatheredherdaughterintoherarmstightly.Hepulledmyfacetowardshimwithpatience,wipedmytears,andpattedmyheadgently.Puttingonmycoathurriedly,Igrabbedmyschoolbagandrushedtotheschoollikeanarrow.類型2：非謂語doing（表示主動，與謂語動詞同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生）,主語+謂語and謂語.他鼓起勇氣，然后用一塊濕毛巾去捂住自己的嘴和鼻，沖進著火的房間。Hegatheredhiscourageandthenusedawettoweltocoverhismouthandnose,dashingintotheburningroom.Gatheringthecourage,hethenusedawettoweltocoverhismouthandnose,dashingintotheburningroom.類型3：非謂語done(作為狀語表示被動/心理/狀態(tài)）,主語+謂語+無靈主語句沉浸于快樂中，我的老師向我揮手并表達他對我的真誠祝賀，一股幸福的感覺立刻向我襲來。Immersedintheenjoyment,hewavedatmeandexpressedhissincerecongratulationsonme,awaveofhappinessimmediatelysweptoverme.類型4：非謂語Havingdone（先于主句謂語動作發(fā)生）,主語+謂語A.聽從了老師的指導之后，我才開始用有趣的方式去與熱情的觀眾互動。Havingfollowedhisteacher’sinstructions,Ibegantointeractwiththeenthusiasticaudienceinafunnyway.技法示例：1.她抱住女兒。Shehuggedherdaughter.分解：dashforwardkneedowngather合并：Shedashedforward,kneltdownandgatheredherdaughterintoherarms.美化：Withagiantsmileonherface,shedashedforward,kneltdownandgatheredherdaughterintoherarmstightly.2.她去捉蝴蝶。Shewenttocatchthebutterfly.分解：creep爬,bend彎腰,cup（使成杯型）合并：Shecreptalongthepath,bentoverandcuppedherhandsaroundthebutterfly.美化：Shecreptalongthepath,bentoverswiftlyandcuppedherhandsaroundthebutterflygently.她躡手躡腳地走著小路，迅速彎下腰，輕輕地繞著蝴蝶。3.朝狼扔石塊。分解：Pickupaimatthrow合并：Havingpickedupastone,heaimedatthewolfandthrewittothewolf.美化：Havingpickedupastonefirmly,heaimedatthefiercewolfcarefullyandthrewitstraighttothewolfwithallhisstrength.4.我早上匆忙去上學。分解：Putonmycoatgrabbedmyschoolbagrushedtoschool合并：Iputonmycoat,grabbedmyschoolbagandrushedtotheschool.美化：Puttingonmycoathurriedly,Igrabbedmyschoolbagandrushedtotheschoollikeanarrow.5.這個歌手在臺上唱歌。分解：Glancedattheaudiencetookadeepbreathbegantosing合并：Thesingerglancedattheaudience,tookadeepbreathandbegantosing.美化：Anxiouslyglancingattheaudience,thesingertookadeepbreathandbegantosingwithemotion.招式三：動作美化：多角度攝像招式三：動作美化：多角度攝像把動作和面部表情，聲音,心理，語言,環(huán)境等結合，形成動作面。從整體→局部，從肢體→面部→語言/心理描寫，從多個角度描繪一個場景。Type1：Done，句子主干，doing受到老師的話鼓勵，Tom舉起手,低聲說:”我決定參加.”Encouragedbytheteacher'swords,Tomraisedherhand,whispering/murmuring,“Idecidetoparticipateinit.”被嚇得要死，麥克面色蒼白，像一片樹葉一樣渾身顫抖。Frightenedtodeath,Macturnedaswhiteasasheet,tremblingalloverlikealeaf.Type2：Doing,句子主干，doing站在草地上，他們拉著手，抬頭看著天空，感受著來自內(nèi)心的那份寶貴的寧靜。Standingonthegrass,theyheldhandstogetherandlookedupintothesky,feelingthepreciouspeacefromwithin.內(nèi)心充滿憤怒，他用他那恐怖的大眼睛瞪著我，吼道：“你是個傻子”Burningwithanger,heglaredatmewithhisbigfrighteningeyes,yelling,“You’resuchanidiot.”Type3：With復合結構或獨立主格結構，句子主干,（doing)手里拿著花,Mindy站在大海旁邊,微笑著低頭看著自己的花,想象著未來充滿前景的生活.Withabunchofflowersinherhands,Mindystoodbesidetheseaandlookeddownattheflowerswithasmile,imaginingherpromisinglifeinthefuture.我的臉氣紅了，跑上跑下，想要毀掉路上的任何東西。Myfaceredwithanger,Iracedupanddown，wantingtodestroyeverythingthatcameinmyway.技法示例：1.面部睜大眼睛驚恐萬分肢體逃走語言/心理大喊媽媽Wideninghiseyesinextremehorror,Sheldonfledaway,screaming,“Mom,help!”2.心理受老師鼓舞肢體舉起手語言小聲說“我來”Encouragedbytheteacher'swords,heraisedhishand,whispering“Ivolunteer.”受到老師的鼓舞，他舉起手，小聲說道：“我來”(whisper小聲說)四、四、詞匯積累頭部動作：buried/heldhisheadinhands埋頭dropped/lowered/bent/duckedhisheadinshame低頭scratched/shook/nodded/raisedhishead撓頭/搖頭/點頭/抬頭面部動作：hisfacelitup/brightened/glowed喜形于色Hisfacepaledwithfright嚇白了Hisfaceflushed/burnedwithembarrassment面頰發(fā)燙woreashiningsmileonone'sface臉上掛著燦爛的笑容beallsmiles滿臉笑容hisfacebeamedwithdelight/joy面露喜色Hehadaslightfrownonhisface.愁眉不展眼部動作：fixedone’seyeson/gazedat/staredat/gluedone’seyesto盯著lookedherfatherstraightintheeye直視glaredat/shothimanangrylook怒視glanceat瞥見castheranadmiringglance投去欽佩的目光threwmeafrightenedglance驚恐地看著我narrow/widen/shut/raisehiseyes瞇眼/睜大/瞇眼/閉眼/抬眼hereyesshone/sparked/sparkled/glowedwithexcitement閃耀，閃爍hereyesbrimmedwith/filledwithtears眼里充滿淚水(with)tearsblurred/cloudedhereyes/vision.模糊雙眼tearswelledupinmyeyes淚水涌出來Tearsrolled/streamed/flowed/pouredhischeeks/face流下來嘴部動作：bitehislips咬唇cupped/coveredhismouth捂住嘴Myheartwasinmymouth心提到嗓眼Hefroze,hismouthhangingopen.呆住了，嘴張開著Hismouthwidenedtoasmile.咧嘴笑。耳部動作：hiswordswasringinginhisears在耳邊縈繞Hewasbeaming/Hesmiledfromeartoear.他笑得合不攏嘴Myheartwaspounding/ringing/echoinginmyears.心在怦怦地跳手部動作：took/heldthechild'shand牽手wavedone’sarms揮舞著胳膊;pattedsbontheshoulder拍...肩膀threwoneselfintoone’sarms投入...的懷抱gathered/lockedherinherarms擁抱heldout/reachedoutahand伸出手reachedhishandintohispocket伸進口袋clapped/raisedhishands拍/舉手腿部動作：draggedhislegsbackhome拖著腿rushedinto沖進去slippedinto溜進去quickenedone’space加快步伐kneltdown跪下stormedin/out沖進來/出去fledaway逃走strodeaway闊步走開rosetohisfeetonshakylegs顫抖地站起來腳部動作：draggedherfeet拖著緩慢的步子jumped/rose/leaped/sprungtoherfeet跳起來stamped/tappedhisfeet跺腳struggledtoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來;心臟動作：One’sheartsank/dropped心情沉重heartmelted心軟/心融化了heartbeatfast/wildly心跳加快heartpoundedwithexcitement心砰砰跳one’sheartached心痛五、五、動作描寫的4個技巧連貫動作法連貫動作法連貫動作法一般用來描寫一個人的動作過程，如跳高、跳遠、游泳、切菜、燒飯、釣魚、挑水等。描寫連貫動作時，要按動作的順序依次進行描寫，這樣文章才能通順、連貫。其次要準確地運用動詞描寫人物的行為。在描寫每一個動作時，不僅要寫清人物做了什么，還要寫出人物是在什么情境、背景下做的，是怎么做的——寫出人物動作表現(xiàn)時的神態(tài)、語言、心理等?！egrabbedtheball,dribbleditdownthecourt,andslammeditthroughthehoop.他抓住球，運球穿過球場，然后大力扣籃?！hepickedupherbooks,slungherbackpackoverhershoulder,andhurriedoutthedoor.她拿起書，把背包甩到肩上，匆匆出了門?！esnatchedthepaperfromthetable,scanneditquickly,andthentosseditaside.他從桌子上抓起論文，快速地掃了一眼，然后扔到了一邊?！hegrabbedherpurse,slungitoverhershoulder,andhurriedoutofthestore.她抓起錢包，把它甩到