浙江省嘉興市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題

嘉興市2023~2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高一年級(jí)期末檢測(cè)英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Buyshoes.B.Attendanactivity.C.Playbasketball.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Intheopenair.B.Atthewoman’s.C.Inaclassroom.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Theirfamilies.B.Theirtravelplans.C.Theirfutures.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Salesmanandcustomer.B.Managerandemployee.C.Doctorandpatient.5.HowdoesthewomansoundabouttheweatherinAustralia?A.Unsatisfied.B.Contented.C.Surprised.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howisthewomanfeeling?A.Afraid.B.Stressed.C.Confident.7.Whydoesthewomanwanttoattendthegirls’school?A.Itisclosetoherhouse.B.Hersisteralsowentthere.C.Itsgraduatesentertopuniversities.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whattimedoestheclassend?A.At3:05p.m.B.At3:25p.m.C.At3:30p.m.9.Whenwillthestudentsvisittheartmuseum?A.Inabouthalfamonth.B.OnFriday.C.Tomorrow.10.WhichtraditionalChineseartformcanthestudentstry?A.PekingOpera.B.Calligraphy.C.Papercutting.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whoistheman?A.Aparkcleaner.B.Alocalbusinessman.C.Anenvironmentalvolunteer.12.Whydoestheman’sgroupholdthisevent?A.Topickuprubbish.B.Toaskpeopletomakedonations.C.Toshareinformationabouttheenvironment.13.Whatdoestheman’sgroupmainlyfocuson?A.Keepingparksclean.B.Controllingairpollution.C.Recyclingwastematerials.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WhatdidthewomanlikebestattheFISUclosingevent?A.Thefireworks.B.Thedancing.C.Themusic.15.Whatdidthewomanlearnasachild?A.Violin.B.PingPong.C.Volleyball.16.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Calltheirparents.B.Catchabus.C.Takeataxi.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howsoonisthestormlikelytoe?A.Inoneday.B.Intwodays.C.Infourdays.18.Whatdoesthespeakersaypeopleshoulddoduringthistime?A.Choosepublictransport.B.Trytoremainindoors.C.Buyenoughfood.19.Whatdoesthespeakerstressintheend?A.Theimportanceofsafety.B.Thelatestlocationofthestorm.C.Weatherchangesinthefollowingdays.20.Whatisthespeakerprobably?A.Aresearcher.B.Aweatherman.C.Agovernmentofficial.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AAsfarasfantasticdrivesgo,fewcanpetewithHighway395.Here’swhatyouneedtoknowbeforestartingaroadtripalongit.▲WhattoKnowAboutDrivingonHighway395Highway395beginsinHesperia,acityabout90minuteseastofLosAngeles.Itthencontinuesfor1,300milesuntilitsendpointattheCanadianborder(邊界).Whiletheentiredriveisbeautiful,itsmostfamoussectionrunsfromtheLosAngelesareauptoReno,Nevada.▲WheretoStopAlongHighway395CONVICTLAKEConvictLake,oneofCalifornia’sclearestbodiesofwater,isabeloveddestinationforphotographers.Duringyourdrive,youcanpulloverforaphoto,orquicklyhoponaboatandcastafishinglinetoseewhatyoucancatch.MAMMOTHMOUNTAINMJustaroundthecorner,you’llfindMammothMountain,oneofAmerica’sbestskidestinations.Mammothisrenownedforitsextendedskiseason,oftenlastinguntilJuly,andoffersexcellentterrain(地形)forallskilllevels.YOSEMITENATIONALPARKDuringyourdrive,paynvisittoYosemiteNationalPark,aUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.Here,youcanwatchclimbersmaketheirwayupHalfDome,feelthepowerofYosemiteFalls,andenjoythebeautyofTuolumneMeadows.▲WhentoDriveonHighway395BecausemanyattractiveplacesalongHighway395areallseasondestinations,there’sreallynowrongtimetodepartonthisroadtrip.However,it’simportanttoremembertheroadcangetratherdangerousinwinter.Checkthehighwaywebsitebeforeleavingtoensureyou’reawareoftheconditions.1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelwebsite. B.Anofficialdocument.C.Asciencereport. D.Ageographytextbook.2.Whatdothethreeremendedplacestovisithaveinmon?ATheyareplacessuitableforsportsfans.B.TheyshowthehistoricalchangesinAmerica.C.Theyhavebeautifulviewsandexcellentterrain.D.Theyofferchancesforpeopletogetclosetonature.3.WhatcanwelearnaboutHighway395?A.ItstartsinLosAngelesandendsinCanada.B.Thereisn’tabadtimetostartaroadtripalongit.C.Nospecialpreparationsareneededbeforeleavingforit.D.ItsmostfamousdestinationsareintheLosAngelesarea.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了395公路上的美麗景點(diǎn)以及在這條公路上駕駛需要注意的事情?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Asfarasfantasticdrivesgo,fewcanpetewithHighway395.Here’swhatyouneedtoknowbeforestartingaroadtripalongit.(就夢(mèng)幻般的駕駛而言，很少能與395高速公路相媲美。這是你在開始公路旅行之前需要知道的事情)”以及全文可知，文章介紹了395公路上的美麗景點(diǎn)以及在這條公路上駕駛需要注意的事情。由此推知，這篇文章有可能出自“旅游網(wǎng)站”。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CONVICTLAKE標(biāo)題下的“ConvictLake,oneofCalifornia’sclearestbodiesofwater,isabeloveddestinationforphotographers.

(ConvictLake是加利福尼亞州最清澈的水體之一，是攝影師們喜愛的目的地)”，MAMMOTHMOUNTAINM標(biāo)題下的“Justaroundthecorner,you’llfindMammothMountain,oneofAmerica’sbestskidestinations.(就在拐角處，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)猛犸山，美國(guó)最好的滑雪勝地之一)”以及YOSEMITENATIONALPARK標(biāo)題下的“Here,youcanwatchclimbersmaketheirwayupHalfDome,feelthepowerofYosemiteFalls,andenjoythebeautyofTuolumneMeadows.(在這里，你可以看到登山者登上半圓頂，感受約塞米蒂瀑布的力量，欣賞Tuolumme草地的美麗)”可知，這三個(gè)地方的共同特點(diǎn)就是它們?yōu)槿藗兲峁┝擞H近自然的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“BecausemanyattractiveplacesalongHighway395areallseasondestinations,there’sreallynowrongtimetodepartonthisroadtrip.(因?yàn)?95高速公路沿線的許多景點(diǎn)都是四季旅游目的地，所以這條公路旅行的出發(fā)時(shí)間真的沒有錯(cuò))”可知，一年四季什么時(shí)候開始395公路的旅行都不會(huì)錯(cuò)。故選B。BThe13yearoldLifeScoutnamedJonathaninTroop506ispioneeringnewwaystoperformactsofkindness.Likemanytroops,506sellspopcorneachfalltoraisemoney.In2019,whilestillaCubScout,Jonathanwatchedaskidswho’dmade$1,800ormoreinsaleswalkedacrossastagetoreceiveaLegosetasaprize.“IreallywantthatLegoset,”hesaid.Thenextyear,hesuccessfullygothisLegos.However,Troop506notonlyprovidesLegosetsbutalsocontributesapercentageoftheirsalesintheformofgiftcardsforScoutingrelatedactivities.Encouraged,Jonathanspentthenextfewyearsdevelopingasurprisingsaleskill.Theyear2021sawhimachieveimpressivesalesof$46,193.75,makinghimatopsellerinthenationandbringinghim$5,000worthinAmazoncards,Hemighthavespentitonhimself,buthehadotherideas.PopcornseasonclosesinlateNovember,andtheholidayswereonhismind—particularlythestorieshisfatherhadtoldhimabouthisowndaysinfostercare.“Theydon’treallyhaveChristmas,”Jonathansaid.With$5,000,hecouldbringChristmastoalotofkids.Withthehelpofhismother,hemadehiswaytothesocialservicesoffices.Anyoneelsemighthavesimplysentinthemoneyandfeltthey’ddoneenough.NotJonathan.Herequestedinformationabouteachkid,includingage,genderandinterests.Hechangedfromabigsellertoabigspender,personallychoosinggiftsfordozensofkids,likeaSanta.“Themostworthwhilething,”hesaid,“istotrytoputhappinessintothelivesofothers.”4.WhatencouragedJonathantoimprovehissellingtechniques?A.TheLegosettobereceivedasaprize. B.Themoneytoberaisedbysellingpopcorn.C.Thecardsthatcouldbegainedtobuygoods. D.Thepraisethatasaleschampionwouldwin.5.WhyisJonathan’sfathermentionedinparagraph4?A.ToexplainwhyJonathanhadotherideas.B.Toshowhowhisfather’sstoryimpressedhim.C.Toparelifestylesoftwodifferentgenerations.D.ToprovideinformationaboutJonathan’schildhood.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJonathan?A.Outgoingandselfless. B.Braveandsmart.C.Thoughtfulandcaring. D.Giftedandhonest.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AScoutHelpsinSocialServiceOffices B.AScoutSellsaRecordAmountofPopcornC.AScoutChangesfromaSellertoaSpender D.AScoutPlaysSantaforKidsinFosterCare【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了13歲的喬納森為寄養(yǎng)中心的孩子們買禮物過圣誕節(jié)的善舉。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“However,Troop506notonlyprovidesLegosetsbutalsocontributesapercentageoftheirsalesintheformofgiftcardsforScoutingrelatedactivities.Encouraged,Jonathanspentthenextfewyearsdevelopingasurprisingsaleskill.(然而，Troop506不僅提供樂高套裝，而且還以禮品卡的形式為與童子軍相關(guān)的活動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)一定比例的銷售額。受到鼓舞，喬納森在接下來的幾年里發(fā)展了一種令人驚訝的銷售技巧。)”可知，可以用來購買禮品卡鼓勵(lì)喬納森提高他的銷售技巧。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Theyear2021sawhimachieveimpressivesalesof$46,193.75,makinghimatopsellerinthenationandbringinghim$5,000worthinAmazoncards,Hemighthavespentitonhimself,buthehadotherideas.PopcornseasonclosesinlateNovember,andtheholidayswereonhismind—particularlythestorieshisfatherhadtoldhimabouthisowndaysinfostercare.(2021年，他取得了46193.75美元的驚人銷售額，使他成為全國(guó)最暢銷的賣家，并為他帶來了價(jià)值5000美元的亞馬遜卡。他可以把這些錢花在自己身上，但他有其他的想法。爆米花的季節(jié)在11月下旬結(jié)束，假期一直縈繞在他的腦海里，尤其是他父親告訴他的關(guān)于他自己在寄養(yǎng)中心的故事)”可推知，第4段提到了喬納森的父親是為了解釋為什么喬納森有其他想法。故選A。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段““Theydon’treallyhaveChristmas,”Jonathansaid.With$5,000,hecouldbringChristmastoalotofkids.(“他們沒有真正的圣誕節(jié)，”喬納森說。用5000美元，他可以給很多孩子帶來圣誕節(jié))”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Herequestedinformationabouteachkid,includingage,genderandinterests.Hechangedfromabigsellertoabigspender,personallychoosinggiftsfordozensofkids,likeaSanta.(他詢問了每個(gè)孩子的信息，包括年齡、性別和興趣。他從一個(gè)大賣家變成了一個(gè)大消費(fèi)者，像圣誕老人一樣親自為幾十個(gè)孩子挑選禮物)”可知，喬納森用自己的錢給寄養(yǎng)中心的孩子買禮物，還詢問了他們的信息，說明了他體貼且有愛心。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“The13yearoldLifeScoutnamedJonathaninTroop506ispioneeringnewwaystoperformactsofkindness.(13歲的喬納森是506部隊(duì)的童子軍，他開創(chuàng)了做好事的新方式)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了13歲的喬納森將自己的銷售額用來給寄養(yǎng)中心的孩子們買禮物過圣誕節(jié)的故事。可推斷，D選項(xiàng)“童子軍為寄養(yǎng)兒童扮演圣誕老人”最符合文章主旨。故選D。CChoosingahotel,restaurantornewproductcanbeadifficulttask.There’ssomuchonoffer,andmakingamistakecanbeexpensive.Thisiswhymanypeopleturntoonlinereviews—opinionsandinformationwrittenbypeoplewhohaveusedaserviceorboughtaproduct.Butcanwetrustthem?About70%ofAmericanssaytheybelieveonlineuserreviews.Accordingtoexperts,thisisbecausewhenwereadareviewbyanotherconsumer,wefeellikewe’regettingapersonalremendationfromafriend.Butarecentstudyshowsthataboutonethirdofonlinereviewsarefake.Apparently,paniesaresodesperateforgoodreviewsthatthey’vestartedto“play”thesystem.So,howdotheydoit?Onetrickistogivepositivereviewstoyourownproductorservice.BestsellingwriterRJEllorywasrecentlycaughtwriting5starreviewsofhisownbooksonAmazon.Usingapenname,hecalledoneofhisbooksa“modernmasterpiece(杰作)”andsaidanotherwould“touchpeople’shearts”.RJalsowrotenegativereviewsofhispetitors’books.Anothertrickisto“buy”goodreviews.Lastyear,theCoveHotelinCornwallwascaughtgivingguestsdiscountsiftheywrote“honestbutpositive”reviewsonTripAdvisor.Thetrickworked—oneguestcalledTheCove“adreamestrue”.Somepeopleareevenmakingalivingbywritingfavourablereviews.In2010,AmericanToddRutherfordstartedGettingBookReviews.For$99,ToddwouldwriteapositivereviewofyourbookonAmazon;andfor$999,he’dwrite50reviews.So,howcanyoutellafakereview?First,iftherevieweruseslotsofhighlypositivelanguage,it’sprobablyfake,Secondly,ifthereviewreadslikeanadvertisement,itprobablyisanad.Andfinally,ifthereviewisnegativebutalsospeakshighlyofapetitor,itmighthavebeenwrittenbythatpetitor.8.Theauthorintroducesthetopicofthetextinparagraph1by______.A.discussingsomequestions B.describingamonsituationC.presentingdifferentopinions D.analyzingaspecificexample9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fake”inparagraph2mean?A.False. B.Fair. C.Honest. D.Disappointing.10.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3andparagraph4?A.Positivereviewscantouchpeople’shearts.B.paniesusethereviewingsystemtotheiradvantage.C.Manyhotelspaygueststowritepositivereviewsforthem.D.WritingreviewsisamajorsourceofineforInternetusers.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Featuresofsometypesofonlinereviews.BReasonsbehindchoicesofonlinereviews.C.Suggestionsonhowtojudgeonlinereviews.D.Waystotellpositiveonlineviewsfromnegativeones.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了虛假在線評(píng)論產(chǎn)生的原因、途徑、影響、如何應(yīng)對(duì)等?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Choosingahotel,restaurantornewproductcanbeadifficulttask.There’ssomuchonoffer,andmakingamistakecanbeexpensive.Thisiswhymanypeopleturntoonlinereviews—opinionsandinformationwrittenbypeoplewhohaveusedaserviceorboughtaproduct.Butcanwetrustthem?(選擇酒店、餐廳或新產(chǎn)品可能是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。有這么多的機(jī)會(huì)，犯一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)付出昂貴的代價(jià)。這就是為什么很多人求助于在線評(píng)論——那些使用過某項(xiàng)服務(wù)或購買過某件產(chǎn)品的人所寫的意見和信息。但我們能相信他們嗎？)”可知，作者通過描述一個(gè)常見的情況在第一段介紹了文章的主題。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第二段中“Apparently,paniesaresodesperateforgoodreviewsthatthey’vestartedto“play”thesystem.(顯然，公司非常渴望得到好評(píng)，以至于他們開始“玩弄”這個(gè)系統(tǒng)。)”可知，很多在線評(píng)論是假的，所以劃線詞的意思是“假的”。A.False錯(cuò)誤的，不真實(shí)的；B.Fair公平的；C.Honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；D.Disappointing令人失望的。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Anothertrickisto“buy”goodreviews.Lastyear,theCoveHotelinCornwallwascaughtgivingguestsdiscountsiftheywrote“honestbutpositive”reviewsonTripAdvisor.Thetrickworked—oneguestcalledTheCove“adreamestrue”.Somepeopleareevenmakingalivingbywritingfavourablereviews.In2010,AmericanToddRutherfordstartedGettingBookReviews.For$99,ToddwouldwriteapositivereviewofyourbookonAmazon;andfor$999,he’dwrite50reviews.(另一個(gè)技巧是“購買”好的評(píng)論。去年，康沃爾郡的海灣酒店(CoveHotel)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果客人在TripAdvisor上寫下“誠(chéng)實(shí)但積極”的評(píng)論，就會(huì)給客人折扣。這招奏效了——一位客人稱“小海灣”是“夢(mèng)想成真”。有些人甚至靠寫好評(píng)來謀生。2010年，美國(guó)人ToddRutherford創(chuàng)辦了GettingBookReviews。只要花99美元，托德就會(huì)在亞馬遜網(wǎng)站上給你的書寫一篇積極的評(píng)論；只要999美元，他就能寫50篇評(píng)論。)”可知，公司利用評(píng)論系統(tǒng)為自己謀取利益。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“So,howcanyoutellafakereview?First,iftherevieweruseslotsofhighlypositivelanguage,it’sprobablyfake,Secondly,ifthereviewreadslikeanadvertisement,itprobablyisanad.Andfinally,ifthereviewisnegativebutalsospeakshighlyofapetitor,itmighthavebeenwrittenbythatpetitor.(那么，如何分辨虛假評(píng)論呢？首先，如果評(píng)論者使用了很多非常積極的語言，那么它可能是假的，其次，如果評(píng)論讀起來像廣告，那么它可能就是廣告。最后，如果評(píng)論是負(fù)面的，但也高度評(píng)價(jià)了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，那么它可能是由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手寫的。)”可知，最后一段給出了如何判斷在線評(píng)論的建議。故選C。DWiththeirbeautifulfeathers,roostersmightbeforgivenforsecretlytakingquicklooksinthemirror—especiallyasresearchnowsuggeststhebirdsmaybeabletorecognisethemselves.Theabilitytorecogniseoneselfinthemirrorhassofarbeenfoundinahandfulofanimals,includingelephants,dolphins,andcertainfishandbirds.SonjaHillemacher,oneoftheauthorsofthestudyattheUniversityofBonn,saidanimalsthatcanrecognisethemselvesinamirroroftenseemedtohavemoreadvancedcognitiveabilities,andthattherewasalinktosocialandemotionalwisdom,aswellasselfawareness.“Thisabilityisabasicaspectofcognition.Itisalsoimportantforus,”shesaid.WritinginthejournalPlosOne,Hillemacherandhercolleaguesnotethatroosterstendtocallouttotheirfellowchickensiftheyseeathreat.Ifaroosterisalone,however,itdoesnotusuallyraisethealarmasitcoulddrawtheenemy’sattention.Intheexperiment,theteamplacedaroosterinanindoorspaceandthenplacedamirror,oranotherrooster,ornothing.Theteamthenshowedtheimageofaflyinghawk(鷹)ontotheceilinginthespace.Theresultsfrom58roostersfoundthatthebirdsmadefarmorealarmcallswhentheycouldseeanotherroosternearby,with1.33alarmcallsperbirdonaverageoverthreetests,thanwhenalone(0.29callsonaverage)orfacedwiththemirror(0.43callsonaverage).Inthefollowupexperiment,theteamfoundasimilarreductionincallswhentheyplacedasecondroosteroutofsightbehindthemirror.Theteamsaidthefindingssuggestthebirdsdidnotregardtheirreflectionasanotherrooster,evenwhentherewasalsothepresenceofsmellandsoundofasecondbird,whichprovesthatroostersmayrecognisethemselvesinamirror.12.WhatdoesthenewstudyledbySonjnHillemachershow?A.Onlyafewanimalscanrecognisethemselvesinamirror.B.Someanimalshavecognitiveabilitiessimilartohumans.C.Roosterswillenjoytheirownbeautywhenlookinginamirror.D.Roostersmayhavetheabilitytorecognisethemselvesinamirror.13.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph3?A.Tostresstheimportanceoftheresearch. B.Toprovidethescientificbasisfortheresearch.C.Toexplainreasonsforcarryingouttheresearch. D.Toofferdetailsofthepreparationfortheresearch.14.Whatdoweknowabouthowtheexperimentswereconducted?A.Aflyinghawkwasputinanindoorspace. B.Asecondroosterwasplacednearamirror.C.Differentconditionsweresettotesttheroosters. D.Separateareaswereneededtogrouptheroosters.15.Howdidtheroostersreactintheexperiments?A.Theymadeonlyabitmorealarmcallswithasecondroosterinsight.B.Theymadefeweralarmcallswhenfacedwithamirrorthanwhenalone.C.Theymademorethanonealarmcallineachtestwithanotherroosterinsight.D.Theymadesimilarlyfeweralarmcallswhenanotherroosterwashiddennearby.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了最近的研究表明公雞具有在鏡子里認(rèn)出自己的能力。文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的結(jié)果。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Withtheirbeautifulfeathers,roosters(公雞)mightbeforgivenforsecretlytakingquicklooksinthemirror—especiallyasresearchnowsuggeststhebirdsmaybeabletorecognisethemselves.(公雞有著美麗的羽毛，它們偷偷地對(duì)著鏡子快速地看了一眼，這也許是可以原諒的——尤其是現(xiàn)在的研究表明，這些鳥可能能夠認(rèn)出自己)”以及第二段“SonjaHillemacher,oneoftheauthorsofthestudyattheUniversityofBonn,saidanimalsthatcanrecognisethemselvesinamirroroftenseemedtohavemoreadvancedcognitiveabilities,andthattherewasalinktosocialandemotionalwisdom,aswellasselfawareness.(波恩大學(xué)這項(xiàng)研究的作者之一SonjnHillemacher說，能夠在鏡子中認(rèn)出自己的動(dòng)物似乎通常具有更高級(jí)的認(rèn)知能力，這與社交和情感智慧以及自我意識(shí)有關(guān))”可知，SonjnHillemacher領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)新研究表明公雞可能有在鏡子里認(rèn)出自己的能力。故選D。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“WritinginthejournalPlosOne,Hillemacherandhercolleaguesnotethatroosterstendtocallouttotheirfellowchickensiftheyseeathreat.Ifaroosterisalone,however,itdoesnotusuallyraisethealarmasitcoulddrawtheenemy’sattention.(希勒馬赫和她的同事們?cè)凇豆部茖W(xué)圖書館·綜合》雜志上撰文指出，公雞在看到威脅時(shí)往往會(huì)向同伴大喊大叫。然而，如果一只公雞獨(dú)，它通常不會(huì)發(fā)出警報(bào)，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)引起敵人的注意)”可推知，第3段的目的是為研究提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Intheexperiment,theteamplacedaroosterinanindoorspaceandthenplacedamirror,oranotherrooster,ornothing.Theteamthenshowedtheimageofaflyinghawk(鷹)ontotheceilinginthespace.(在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究小組把一只公雞放在室內(nèi)，然后放一面鏡子，或者另一只公雞，或者什么都不放。然后，研究小組在空間的天花板上展示了一只飛鷹的圖像)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置了不同的條件來測(cè)試公雞。故選C。【15題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theresultsfrom58roostersfoundthatthebirdsmadefarmorealarmcallswhentheycouldseeanotherroosternearby,with1.33alarmcallsperbirdonaverageoverthreetests,thanwhenalone(0.29callsonaverage)orfacedwiththemirror(0.43callsonaverage).Inthefollowupexperiment,theteamfoundasimilarreductionincallswhentheyplacedasecondroosteroutofsightbehindthemirror.

(對(duì)58只公雞的研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)它們看到附近有另一只公雞時(shí)，它們發(fā)出的警報(bào)聲要多得多，在三次測(cè)試中，比起獨(dú)自（平均0.29聲）或面對(duì)鏡子時(shí)（平均0.43聲），每只公雞平均發(fā)出1.33聲警報(bào)聲。在后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他們把第二只公雞放在鏡子后面看不見的地方時(shí)，叫聲也減少了)”可知，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中當(dāng)另一只公雞藏在附近時(shí)，受測(cè)試的攻擊發(fā)出的警報(bào)聲也減少了。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThelostjoyofpostcardsTrustmeonthis,traveler:Sendingpicturepostcardstofriendsandfamilyspreadsjoybackhomeandintheprocessshowsaspectsofyourdestinationyou’dotherwisemiss.____16____You’vealreadyguessed,fromyourownmailboxperhaps,thatsendingpicturepostcardsisadyingart.____17____Thesedaysfewerthan5millionaresold,andmanyoftheseareforsouvenirs(紀(jì)念品),notmailing.Instagram,FacebookandTwitterareresponsible.Iavoidsocialmedia,mostlyonsociopoliticalgrounds.Soinsteadofbrag(吹噓)postsofmytravels,IletpeopleknowwhereIamandthatI’mthinkingofthembysendingpostcards.Andnotjustanypostcards.____18____Whateverthesubject,theyhavetobeofhighestquality,notthe10for$1variety.____19____Becausethat’simpersonal(無人情味的).Becauseyourfriendshaven’treceivedoneinyears.Sendtodelightthem!Tosurprisethem!Tobedifferentfromthecrowdonsocialmedia.Well,whattowriteonceyou’vegottenthecardsandthestamps?Here’sthething:postcardsaresmall.It’sthethoughtthatcounts,truly.____20____Maybeyouwon’tbetravelingforawhile,butsowhat?Sendapostcardfromwhereveryouare.The“l(fā)ike”andsmileyou’llgetwillbejustaswarm.A.Ishopforthemwithanauthority’seyes.B.Postcardsendersalsolearnalotabouthotelculture.C.IknowthisbecauseIamanaddictivepicturepostcardsender.D.Yearsago,tensofmillionsofthemweresentworldwideyearly.E.It’spuzzlinghowdifferentthepricestosendapostcardabroadare.F.Thereceiverswillbesurprisedandpleasednomatterwhatyouwrite.G.WhysendthemwhenabighelloonInstagramtoeveryoneyouknowissoeasy?【答案】16.C17.D18.A19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。短文敘述了作者是個(gè)癡迷的照片明信片發(fā)送者以及其原因，作者呼吁人們寄送明信片。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Trustmeonthis,traveler:Sendingpicturepostcardstofriendsandfamilyspreadsjoybackhomeandintheprocessshowsaspectsofyourdestinationyou’dotherwisemiss.”（旅行者們，請(qǐng)相信我：給朋友和家人寄照片明信片能在家鄉(xiāng)傳播快樂，并在這個(gè)過程中展示出你原本會(huì)錯(cuò)過的目的地的一些方面。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文解釋其原因。故C選項(xiàng)“我知道這一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲沂且粋€(gè)癡迷的照片明信片發(fā)送者?！惫蔬xC項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Thesedaysfewerthan5millionaresold,andmanyoftheseareforsouvenirs(紀(jì)念品),notmailing.”（如今，售出的數(shù)量不到500萬，其中許多都是紀(jì)念品，而不是明信片。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接下文說明幾年前的情況來對(duì)比現(xiàn)在。故D選項(xiàng)“幾年前，每年有數(shù)以千萬計(jì)的明信片被發(fā)送到世界各地?！鼻蓄}。故選D項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Andnotjustanypostcards.”（而且不是普通的明信片）根據(jù)下文“Whateverthesubject,theyhavetobeofhighestquality,notthe10for$1variety”（無論什么主題，它們都必須是最高質(zhì)量的，而不是1美元10個(gè)的那種。）可知，作者不是隨便就買明信片，而是以專業(yè)的角度去購買。故A選項(xiàng)“我是用權(quán)威的眼光買的明信片。”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Becausethat’simpersonal(無人情味的).”（因?yàn)槟鞘菦]有人情味的。）可知，下文的because回答上文的原因。故G選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)在Instagram上向你認(rèn)識(shí)的每個(gè)人打招呼這么容易的時(shí)候，為什么要發(fā)送它們呢？”切題。故選G項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Here’sthething:postcardsaresmall.It’sthethoughtthatcounts,truly.”（問題是：明信片很小。真正重要的是心意。）可知，收件人會(huì)感到快樂和驚訝。故F選項(xiàng)“無論你寫什么，收件人會(huì)感到快樂和驚訝?！鼻蓄}。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Animalscanbeheroes.OnesunnyafternoonasIsatonmybackporch,InoticedmyloyaldogLouieplayingintheyard.Suddenly,barking(吠叫)____21____,herushedtothechickencage.____22____,Iwalkedovertoseewhatwasgoingon.AsIapproachedIsawasmallsnakeslithering(爬行)alongtheground.Louiewasbarkingand____23____thesnakearoundthecage,____24____toprotecthisfeatheredfriends.IwatchedinamazementasLouieranaroundtheyard,____25____overflowerpots.Thesnake,____26____byLouie’ssuddenappearance,slitheredawayasfastasitcould.ButLouiewasn’tabouttoletit____27____.Hecontinuedhischase,tryingto____28____thesnakeoutoftheyard.Thehuntingwentonforwhatfulllikeages,withLouieandthesnakemovingquicklyaroundtheyard.Finally,Louiemanagedto____29____thesnakenearthegardenshed.Withawinningbark,hedashedforwardtograbthesnakeinhisJaws—but____30____andendedupfallingintoapileofleaves.Thesnake,____31____itschance,slippedawayintotheunderbrush,Louie____32____fromtheleaves,lookingabitconfusedbutstilldeterminedtoprotectthechickens.Hesettleddownnexttothecage,keepingawatchfuleyeonthearea____33____thesnakecameback.ThechickensseemedtosenseLouie’s____34____,andtheylookedoutathimthroughthewiremesh,cluckingtheirthanks.Andthat’showLouiebecamea____35____inouryard.21.A.happily B.wildly C.softly D.proudly22.A.Curious B.Awkward C.Amazed D.Annoyed23.A.playingwith B.lookingat C.runningafter D.jumpingover24.A.continuing B.attempting C.learning D.pretending25.A.knocking B.turning C.going D.watching26A.confused B.impressed C.frightened D.attracted27.A.fightback B.getaway C.eout D.passby28.A.drive B.bring C.sweep D.pull29.A.kill B.catch C.strike D.corner30.A.quit B.waited C.suffered D.missed31.A.losing B.ruining C.creating D.sensing32.A.escaped B.recovered C.rose D.started33.A.orelse B.sothat C.ifonly D.incase34.A.bravery B.friendliness C.wisdom D.sincerity35.A.member B.model C.hero D.guard【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.A26.C27.B28.A29.D30.D31.D32.C33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者家的狗Louie發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條蛇進(jìn)入了雞籠中，它勇敢的趕走了蛇，保護(hù)了雞籠中的雞，成為了院子中的英雄。【21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，它狂吠著沖向雞籠。A.happily高興地；B.wildly瘋狂地；C.softly輕柔地；D.proudly驕傲地。根據(jù)Suddenly以及下文“herushedtothechickencage”可知，有事情突然發(fā)生，所以作者家的狗Louie瘋狂的大叫起來。故選B。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：出于好奇，我走過去看看發(fā)生了什么事。A.Curious好奇的；B.Awkward尷尬的；C.Amazed驚奇的；D.Annoyed惱怒的。根據(jù)上文“Suddenly,barking(吠叫)____1____,herushedtothechickencage.”可知，Louie突然大叫起來，出于好奇，作者前去看看發(fā)生了什么。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：路易在籠子里追著蛇大叫，試圖保護(hù)他那些長(zhǎng)著羽毛的朋友。A.playingwith和……一起玩；B.lookingat看著；C.runningafter追趕；D.jumpingover跳過。根據(jù)下文“toprotecthisfeatheredfriends”可知，Louie在雞籠子追趕蛇，它想要保護(hù)里面的雞。故選C。24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：路易在籠子里追著蛇大叫，試圖保護(hù)他那些長(zhǎng)著羽毛的朋友。A.continuing繼續(xù)；B.attempting嘗試；C.learning學(xué)習(xí)；D.pretending假裝。根據(jù)空后“toprotecthisfeatheredfriends”可知，Louie在籠子里追著蛇大叫，它試圖保護(hù)雞籠里的雞。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我驚奇地看著路易在院子里跑來跑去，撞倒了花盆。A.knocking撞；B.turning轉(zhuǎn)向；C.going走向；D.watching觀看。根據(jù)空后“overflowerpots”可知，Louie在追趕蛇的過程中撞倒了花盆。knockover“撞倒”。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那條蛇被路易的突然出現(xiàn)嚇了一跳，飛快地溜走了。A.confused使困惑；B.impressed印象深刻；C.frightened使驚嚇；D.attracted吸引。根據(jù)空后“byLouie’ssuddenappearance,slitheredawayasfastasitcould”可知，突然出現(xiàn)的Louie把蛇嚇了一跳，飛快的溜走了。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：但路易不打算讓它跑掉。A.fightback反擊；B.getaway逃脫；C.eout出版；D.passby路過。根據(jù)上文“slitheredawayasfastasitcould”以及下文“Hecontinuedhischase”可知，Louie繼續(xù)追趕蛇，所以是不打算讓它逃掉。故選B。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他繼續(xù)追趕，試圖把蛇趕出院子。A.drive驅(qū)趕；B.bring帶來；C.sweep打掃；D.pull拉。根據(jù)空后“thesnakeoutoftheyard”可知，Louie繼續(xù)追蛇是為了把它趕出院子。故選A。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，路易設(shè)法把蛇逼到了花園小屋附近。A.kill殺死；B.catch捕獲；C.strike罷工；D.corner逼……入絕境。根據(jù)下文“Withawinningbark,hedashedforwardto