浙江省杭州市2023學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期中階段性測試試卷含解析

Page23考試說明：1.考試時(shí)間：2.本試卷分試題卷和答題卷，試題卷8頁，答題卷3頁，本卷滿分150分。3.答題前，請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)填涂好相關(guān)信息。所有答案必須寫在答題卡上，寫在試題卷上無效。第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhathasEricbeengivenforhisbirthday?A.Abook.B.Adairy.C.Analbum.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Atashoppingmall.B.Atabusstop.C.Inabank.3.WhenwillTomgethisbookbag?A.Today.B.Tomorrow.C.Thedayaftertomorrow.4.Howistheweathernow?A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howthewomangotthesun.B.Whenthewomanwentsailing.C.Wherethewomanhadaholiday.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whocouldthemanprobablybe?A.AteacherB.Areceptionist.C.Atouristguide.7.Whendoesthewomansuggestvisitingthecenter?A.OnTuesdays.B.OnWednesdays.C.OnThursdays.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatisthespeakers’destination?A.Themarkets.B.Thewatergardens.C.Theancientdistrict.9.Whoisthewomangoingtogetapresentfor?A.Herdad.B.Hermum.C.Hersister.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatdidthewomanjustdo?A.Sherushedforthetrain.B.Shegotoffthetrain.C.Shecamebackfromtown.11.Whatcausedthewomantrouble?A.Hercoat.B.Herhigh-heeledshoes.C.Hersportsshoes.12.Whichwordcanbestdescribethewoman.A.Disorganized.B.Reliable.C.Sporty.聽第9段材料、回答第13至16題。13.WhatisWendy’sopinionaboutthemenu?A.It’scomplicated.B.It’sattractive.C.It’straditional.14.Whowilldothedeliveriesfirst?A.WendyB.Mark.C.Ben.15.Whatdid-themando?AHeorderedmorepackaging.B.Hearrangedtheschedule.C.Hehiredmorepeople.16.WhatwillWendydonext?A.Plansomepromotions.B.Contactrepeatcustomers.C.Makechangestothewebsite.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whendidthespeakerdecidetobeamechanic?A.Afterhefinishedschool.B.Whenhegotqualifications.C.Ashewasachild.18.Whydidthespeakerleavehistown?A.Tolearnnewskills.B.Tobecomeanadventurer.C.Toexperiencenewthings.19.Whatdidthespeakerthinkofthejobontheshipatfirst?A.Enjoyable.B.Satisfying.C.Tough.20.Whatdidthespeakerdoafterhisexperienceontheship?A.Hewenttravelling.B.Hesetuphisownbusiness.C.Hecompletedsometraining.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEstimatedtohaveappearedaround200myearsaftertheeventsofthebigbang,thefirststarsoftheuniversesuddenlycameintobeing,sheddinglightinthedarkness.Thesestarsproducedtheessentialbuildingblocksforentiregalaxies(銀河系),forplanets,andforthecreationoflifeintheuniverse.InthisfascinatingmasterclasswithDrEmmaChapman,theauthorofFirstLight:SwitchingonStarsattheDawnofTime,shewillattempttofillinthemissingfirstonebillionyearsfromthetimelineoftheuniverse,byrevealingmoreabouttheearlieststars—howtheywereformedandwhytheyweresounusual.Emmawillalsodiscussrecentdiscoveriesinastrophysics，includingwhattheJamesWebbspacetelescopeisrevealingtousabouttheoriginsoftheuniverse,andwhatthenextbigmissionsinspaceexplorationwillbe.Coursecontent?Howtheuniversebegan:thebigbangandthefirststars?Howstarscreatedthebuildingblocksforouruniverse?Findingthefirststars:thelatestresearchinstellararchaeology?Thefutureoflookingback:spaceexplorationandthenextbigspacemissions?Q&ACourseDetailsThursday26October2023,6.30pm-8.30pmBST￡65plus￡3.56bookingfeeThisticketincludesyouronlineclassplusaccesstoa14daycatchuprecording.IfyouliveintheUK,youcanpurchaseaticketwithacopyofFirstLight:SwitchingonStarsattheDawnofTimeatcheckoutforthecombinedpriceof￡74.52includingpostageandpacking.1.WhatdoesthemasterclasswithDrEmmaChapmanfocuson?A.Travellinginspace. B.Creatinganunusualplanet.C.Understandingtheuniverse. D.Revealingthesecretsoflife.2What’sthepriceofabookedticket?A.3.56. B.65. C.68.56. D.74.52.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencereport. B.Anexaminationpaper.C.Anacademicarticle. D.Alivestreamwebsite.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是EmmaChapman博士的一堂大師課的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“InthisfascinatingmasterclasswithDrEmmaChapman,theauthorofFirstLight:SwitchingonStarsattheDawnofTime,shewillattempttofillinthemissingfirstonebillionyearsfromthetimelineoftheuniverse,byrevealingmoreabouttheearlieststars—howtheywereformedandwhytheyweresounusual.(EmmaChapman博士是FirstLight:SwitchingonStarsattheDawnofTime一書的作者，在這堂精彩的大師課上，她將試圖通過揭示更多關(guān)于最早的恒星的信息——它們是如何形成的，以及為什么它們?nèi)绱瞬煌瑢こ！獊硖钛a(bǔ)宇宙時(shí)間軸上缺失的最初10億年。)”可知，EmmaChapman博士的大師課關(guān)注的是理解宇宙。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CourseDetails部分的“￡65plus￡3.56bookingfee(65英鎊加上3.56英鎊的預(yù)訂費(fèi))”可知，一張預(yù)定的票的價(jià)錢是￡65+￡3.56，也就是￡68.56，故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisticketincludesyouronlineclassplusaccesstoa14daycatchuprecording.(這張票包括你的在線課程以及14天的補(bǔ)課錄像。)”可知，這個(gè)課程是在線課程，所以這篇文章可能是來自于一個(gè)直播網(wǎng)站。故選D。BBorninanunknownvillageinHuarongcounty,Hunanprovince,Yihadfewopportunitiestoplayinstrumentswhenhewasyoung.Attheageof6whenmostperformershavealreadybegunstudyingthepianoatmusicacademies,Yilearnedthetraditionalstringedinstrumenttheerhufromagroupofpeoplelodgingathishome.Itwasnotuntilmuchlaterthathefirstsawapianowhenhevisitedhiscousin’shouseinHuarong.“Myfamilywastoopoortobuyapianoforme,soIoftenusedtovisitmycousin,eventhoughittookaboutanhourtotravelthe20kilometerstohishomeoverrockyroadsjustfortheopportunitytositatthekeyboard,”Yisaid.YifirstarrivedinShenzhen19yearsagoandworkedinfactories,onconstructionsitesandinkitchens.Hehadnotplayedapianofornearly30years.ThepublicpianosinHuaqiangbeiofferedhimafreshstart.Onahotsummer’sday,whiletakingabreakfromworkatanearbyconstructionsite,Yiandhissonpassedoneoftheinstruments.Encouragedbyhisson,Yidecidedtogiveitatry.Herubbedhishandsnervouslyonhisclothes,butthemomentheplacedhisfingersonthekeys,hefeltmorecomfortableandhisconfidencereturned.AlthoughhismasterlyperformanceatthepianokeyboardquicklymadehimanonlinesensationinChinaandoverseas,YiisnottheonlyonetobenefitfromthepianosinHuaqiangbei.InspiredbytheBritishartistLukeJerram,whohasplacedmorethan2,000streetpianosinover70citiesworldwidesince2008withthewords“PlayMe,I’mYours”printedontheirsides,thepublicpianoprojectinHuaqiangbeiwaslaunchedbythelocalgovernmentin2018.ZhangChen,deputydirectoroftheHuaqiangbeisubdistrictoffice,said:“HuaqiangbeiislocatedinthecommercialdistrictinthecenterofShenzhen.Wehavebeentryingtoprovidediversefacilitiestobringhigh-qualitypublicculturalservicestothearea.Wearesurprisedthatthepublicpianoprojecthasattractedsomanypeopletoplaytheinstruments,andotherstowatchthemperform.”4.WhatdowelearnaboutyoungYifromthepassage?A.Hesmoothedthepathtopianolessons.B.Hewasfascinatedbymusicalinstruments.C.Hereceivedmusicaltrainingattheageof6.D.Hefamiliarizedhimselfwitherhuathiscousin’.5.HowdidYifeelwhenhedecidedtotryplayingthepiano?A.Awkward. B.Confident. C.Amazed. D.Refreshed.6.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthe7thparagraph?A.Theartist’spopularity. B.Theproject’sorigin.C.Theartist’screativity. D.Theproject’schallenge.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Acityculturefeaturingthepianoneedschanging.B.Thestreetpianoprojectfuelsurbandevelopment.C.Huaqiangbeigetsintunewithitsculturalambitions.D.Shenzhentakestheleadinpromotingculturalprosperity.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章以Yi在華強(qiáng)北的公共鋼琴演奏使他在國內(nèi)外網(wǎng)絡(luò)上引起轟動為例，介紹了華強(qiáng)北的公共鋼琴項(xiàng)目以及華強(qiáng)北的文化抱負(fù)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Attheageof6,whenmostperformershavealreadybegunstudyingthepianoatmusicacademies,Yilearnedthetraditionalstringedinstrumenttheerhufromagroupofpeoplelodgingathishome.(6歲時(shí)，當(dāng)大多數(shù)演奏者已經(jīng)開始在音樂學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴時(shí)，易從寄宿在他家的一群人那里學(xué)習(xí)了傳統(tǒng)的弦樂器二胡)”以及第三段““Myfamilywastoopoortobuyapianoforme,soIoftenusedtovisitmycousin,eventhoughittookaboutanhourtotravelthe20kilometerstohishomeoverrockyroadsjustfortheopportunitytositatthekeyboard,”Yisaid.(“我家太窮了，沒錢給我買鋼琴，所以我經(jīng)常去拜訪我的表弟，即使要花一個(gè)小時(shí)左右的時(shí)間，走20公里的巖石路到他家，只是為了有機(jī)會坐在琴鍵前，”易說)”可知，Yi對樂器著迷。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Herubbedhishandsnervouslyonhisclothes,butthemomentheplacedhisfingersonthekeys,hefeltmorecomfortableandhisconfidencereturned.(他緊張地用手在衣服上搓著，但手指一放在琴鍵上，他就覺得舒服多了，又恢復(fù)了信心)”可知，當(dāng)他決定嘗試彈鋼琴時(shí)，他感到局促不安。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第七段“InspiredbytheBritishartistLukeJerram,whohasplacedmorethan2,000streetpianosinover70citiesworldwidesince2008withthewords“PlayMe,I’mYours”printedontheirsides,thepublicpianoprojectinHuaqiangbeiwaslaunchedbythelocalgovernmentin2018.(自2008年以來，英國藝術(shù)家LukeJerram在全球70多個(gè)城市放置了2000多架印有“PlayMe,I’mYours”字樣的街頭鋼琴。受此啟發(fā)，當(dāng)?shù)卣?018年啟動了華強(qiáng)北公共鋼琴項(xiàng)目)”可知，第七段主要講了項(xiàng)目的起源。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wehavebeentryingtoprovidediversefacilitiestobringhigh-qualitypublicculturalservicestothearea.Wearesurprisedthatthepublicpianoprojecthasattractedsomanypeopletoplaytheinstruments,andotherstowatchthemperform.(我們一直在努力提供多樣化的設(shè)施，為該地區(qū)帶來高質(zhì)量的公共文化服務(wù)。我們很驚訝，公共鋼琴項(xiàng)目吸引了這么多人來演奏樂器，還有其他人來觀看他們的表演)”可知，華強(qiáng)北提供多樣化的設(shè)施吸引了人來演奏樂器，與它的文化抱負(fù)相一致。故選C。CPreviousstudieshavefoundthatthenumberofyearsspentinschoolrelatestocognition(認(rèn)知)laterinlife,butfewstudieshaveexaminedtheinfluenceofeducationalquality.“Ourstudyestablishesalinkbetweenhigh-qualityeducationandbetterlater-lifecognitionandsuggeststhatincreasedinvestmentinschoolscouldbeapowerfulstrategytoimprovecognitivehealthamongolderadultsintheUnitedStates,”saidJenniferManly,seniorauthorofthestudy.Thestudy,ledbyManlyandDominika?eblová,apostdoctoralresearchscientistatColumbia,useddatafromProjectTalent,a1960surveyofhighschoolstudentsacrosstheUnitedStates,andfollow-updatacollectedintheProjectTalentAgingStudy.Theresearchersexaminedtherelationshipsbetweensixindicators(指標(biāo))ofschoolqualityandseveralmeasuresofcognitiveperformanceinparticipantsnearly60yearsaftertheylefthighschool.Sincehigh-qualityschoolsmaybeespeciallybeneficialforpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds,theresearchersalsoexaminedwhetherassociationsdifferedbygeography,gender,raceandethnicity.Theresearchersfoundthatattendingaschoolwithahighernumberofteacherswithgraduatetrainingwasthemostconsistentpredictorofbetterlater-lifecognition,especiallyinlanguagefluency(forexample,comingupwithwordswithinacategory).Attendingaschoolwithahighnumberofgraduate-levelteacherswasaboutequaltothedifferenceincognitionbetweena70-year-oldandsomeonewhoisonetothreeyearsolder.Otherindicatorsofschoolqualitywererelatedtosome,butnotall,measuresofcognitiveperformance.AccordingtoManlyand?eblová,theremaybemanyreasonsexplainingwhyattendingschoolswithwell-trainedteachersmayaffectlater-lifecognition.“Instructionprovidedbymoreexperiencedandknowledgeableteachersmightbemoreintellectuallyinspiringandprovideadditionalneuralorcognitivebenefits,”said?eblová,“andattendinghigher-qualityschoolsmayalsoinfluencelifetrack,leadingtouniversityeducationandgreaterearnings,whichareinturnlinkedtobettercognitioninlaterlife.”8.HowdidManlyand?eblováconducttheresearch?A.Byconduct?ngsurveys. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byexplainingexamples. D.Byinterview?ngtheelders.9.Whatistheresultofthestudy?A.Thephysicalhealthdeterminesyourfuturelife.B.Goodeducationcontributestogoodlater-lifecognition.C.Languagefluencyisbasedonpostgraduatetraining.D.Goodschoolsshouldhavemanywell-trainedteachers.10.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toremindthepublicofseniors’health. B.Tolookintoinvestmentinschools.C.Toachievethefairnessofhumans. D.Toattachimportancetoeducation.11.WhatisManlyand?eblová’sattitudetohigh-qualityschooleducation?A.Favorable. B.Doubtful.C.Uncaring. D.Opposing【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。講述了高質(zhì)量教育和晚年認(rèn)知能力之間的關(guān)系。研究表明，就讀于擁有更多研究生培訓(xùn)教師的學(xué)校與晚年認(rèn)知能力之間存在明確的關(guān)聯(lián)，尤其在語言流利性方面?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersexaminedtherelationshipsbetweensixindicators(指標(biāo))ofschoolqualityandseveralmeasuresofcognitiveperformanceinparticipantsnearly60yearsaftertheylefthighschool.Sincehigh-qualityschoolsmaybeespeciallybeneficialforpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds,theresearchersalsoexaminedwhetherassociationsdifferedbygeography,gender,raceandethnicity.(研究人員對高中畢業(yè)近60年后的參與者進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，調(diào)查了學(xué)校質(zhì)量的六項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)的幾項(xiàng)指標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系。由于高質(zhì)量的學(xué)?？赡軐碜匀鮿荼尘暗娜颂貏e有益，研究人員還研究了地理、性別、種族和民族之間的聯(lián)系是否存在差異)”可知，Manly和?eblová領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究探討了學(xué)校質(zhì)量的六項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)的幾項(xiàng)指標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系以及來自弱勢背景的人的地理、性別、種族和民族之間的聯(lián)系。由此可推斷，該研究主要使用了做比較的方法。故選B。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theresearchersfoundthatattendingaschoolwithahighernumberofteacherswithgraduatetrainingwasthemostconsistentpredictorofbetterlater-lifecognition,especiallyinlanguagefluency(forexample,comingupwithwordswithinacategory).(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，就讀于一所擁有更多受過研究生培訓(xùn)的教師的學(xué)校，是提高晚年認(rèn)知能力的最一致預(yù)測因素，尤其是在語言流利性方面。例如，想出同一個(gè)類別的單詞)”可知，良好教育促進(jìn)晚年的認(rèn)知，所以B選項(xiàng)“Goodeducationcontributestogoodlater-lifecognition.(良好的教育有助于晚年的認(rèn)知)”是該研究的結(jié)果。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Previousstudieshavefoundthatthenumberofyearsspentinschoolrelatestocognition(認(rèn)知)laterinlife,butfewstudieshaveexaminedtheinfluenceofeducationalquality.(先前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，受教育的年數(shù)與以后生活中的認(rèn)知有關(guān)，但很少有研究去探究教育質(zhì)量的影響)”和關(guān)鍵提示詞“but”可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)教育質(zhì)量的影響，所以本文的寫作目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的重要性。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段?eblová所說的話““Instructionprovidedbymoreexperiencedandknowledgeableteachersmightbemoreintellectuallyinspiringandprovideadditionalneuralorcognitivebenefits,”said?eblová,“andattendinghigher-qualityschoolsmayalsoinfluencelifetrack,leadingtouniversityeducationandgreaterearnings,whichareinturnlinkedtobettercognitioninlaterlife.”(?eblová說：“經(jīng)驗(yàn)更豐富、知識更淵博的老師提供的教學(xué)可能更能激發(fā)智力，并提供額外的神經(jīng)或認(rèn)知好處。此外，上高質(zhì)量的學(xué)校也可能影響生活軌跡，可接受大學(xué)教育并帶來更高的收入，這反過來又與以后生活中更好的認(rèn)知能力有關(guān)?！?”可推斷出這兩位專家對于高質(zhì)量的教育是呈支持態(tài)度的。故選A。DBabiesaresurroundedbyhumanlanguage,alwayslisteningandprocessing.Eventually,theyputsoundstogethertoproducea“Daddy”ora“Mama”.Butwhatstillconfusesneuroscientistsisexactlyhowthebrainworkstoputitalltogether.Tofigureitout,ateamofresearchersturnedtoafrequentstand-in(代替)forbabieswhenitcomestolanguagelearning:thesong-learningzebrafinch.“We’veknownsongbirdslearntheirsongbyfirstformingamemoryoftheirfather’ssongoranotheradult’ssong.Thentheyusethatmemorytoguidetheirsonglearning,”saidNeuroscientistToddRoberts.“It’sbeenalong-termgoalofthefieldtofigureouthoworwhereinthebrainthismemoryis.Thistypeofimitativelearningthatbirdsdoisverysimilartothetypeoflearningthatweengageinregularly—particularlywhenwe’reyoung,weuseittoguideourspeechlearning.”Robertsandhisteamhadafeelingthattheinterface(交叉區(qū)域)betweensensoryareasandmotorareasinthebrainwascriticalforthisprocess,andtheyfocusedonagroupofbraincellscalledtheNIf.“Inordertoprovethatwecouldidentifythesecircuits,wethoughtifwecouldimplantafalsememory.”First,theyusedavirustocausetheneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebirds’NIftobecomesensitivetolight.Then,usingatinyelectrode(電極)asaflashlight,theyactivated(激活)theneurons.Thelengthofeachpulseoflightcorrespondedwiththeamountoftimetheneuronswouldfire.Andthebirds’brainsinterpretedthattimeperiodasthelengthofeachnote.Soonenough,thebirdsbegantopracticethenotestheyhadlearned,eventhoughtheyneverreallyheardthesounds.Amazingly,thebirdsproducedtheminthecorrectsocialsituations.Theresearcherssaythisisthefirsttimeanybodyhasfoundexactlyapartofthebrainnecessaryforgeneratingthesortsofmemoriesneededtocopysounds.“Thislineofresearchisgoingtohelpusidentifywhereinthebrainweencodememoriesofrelevantsocialexperiencesthatweusetoguidelearning.Weknowthatthereareseveralneurodevelopmentaldisordersinpeoplethathavereallyfar-reachingeffectsonthistypeoflearning.”12.Thezebrafinchisresearchedbecauseitssong-learningmode______.A.decideswhetheritwillsingsongs B.helpsittosay“Daddy”or“Mama”C.islikethewaybabieslearnspeech D.reflectsitstalentforimitatingitsfather’ssong13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph2referto?A.Theinterfaceinthebrain. B.Guidancefromadults.C.Thewayofregularlearning. D.Imitativelearningtypelikebirds.14.WhatcanwelearnfromtheresearchledbyRoberts?A.Someneuronswereactivatedbytheuseofanelectrode.B.Anewmemorywasimplantedtogeneratenewneurons.C.Abirdsangwhatithadheardbefore.D.Birdsbecamesensitivetolightduetonewsocialsituations.15.WhatdotheRoberts’teamexpectofthislineofresearch?A.Achangeinourwayoflisten?ngandprocessing.B.Identificationofneurodevelopmentaldisorders.C.Achancetolearnbetterwithrelevantsocialexperiences.D.Abetterknowledgeofthesecretsoflearning.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家們?nèi)绾卫貌萑竵硌芯空Z言學(xué)習(xí)過程中的記憶形成以及大腦的運(yùn)作方式。研究人員通過操縱鳥腦中的一組神經(jīng)元，成功地讓鳥類產(chǎn)生了一種虛假的記憶，并且這種記憶影響了它們的歌唱能力。這項(xiàng)研究有助于揭示人類大腦中與語言學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的記憶形成區(qū)域，對于理解相關(guān)的神經(jīng)發(fā)育障礙具有重要意義。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tofigureitout,ateamofresearchersturnedtoafrequentstand-in(代替)forbabieswhenitcomestolanguagelearning:thesong-learningzebrafinch.(為了弄清楚這個(gè)問題，一組研究人員求助于一種經(jīng)常代替嬰兒學(xué)習(xí)語言的動物:會唱歌的斑胸草雀。)”可知，草雀被用于研究是因?yàn)樗麄兊膶W(xué)習(xí)模式和嬰兒學(xué)習(xí)語言的模式相似，故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞的上文“Thistypeofimitativelearningthatbirdsdoisverysimilartothetypeoflearningthatweengageinregularly(鳥類所做的這種模仿學(xué)習(xí)與我們經(jīng)常進(jìn)行的學(xué)習(xí)非常相似)”以及下文“toguideourspeechlearning(引導(dǎo)我們的語言學(xué)習(xí))”可推理出劃線詞指代的是上文“Thistypeofimitativelearningthatbirdsdo(鳥類所做的這種模仿學(xué)習(xí))”，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“First,theyusedavirustocausetheneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebirds’NIftobecomesensitivetolight.Then,usingatinyelectrode(電極)asaflashlight,theyactivated(激活)theneurons(首先，他們用一種病毒使鳥類NIf中的神經(jīng)元對光敏感。然后，用一個(gè)微小的電極作為手電筒，他們激活了神經(jīng)元)”可知，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中一些神經(jīng)元通過使用電極被激活，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thislineofresearchisgoingtohelpusidentifywhereinthebrainweencodememoriesofrelevantsocialexperiencesthatweusetoguidelearning.Weknowthatthereareseveralneurodevelopmentaldisordersinpeoplethathavereallyfar-reachingeffectsonthistypeoflearning.（這項(xiàng)研究將幫助我們識別大腦中我們對相關(guān)社會經(jīng)歷的記憶進(jìn)行編碼的位置，這些記憶是我們用來指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)的。我們知道，有幾種神經(jīng)發(fā)育障礙對這種類型的學(xué)習(xí)有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。)”可知，研究小組認(rèn)為本實(shí)驗(yàn)更好地了解學(xué)習(xí)的秘密，故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Curiosityispartofhumannature.Childrenarefamousforwantinganswerstotonsofquestions.BooksandTVshowsoftenrelyoncuriosity.Peoplekeepreadingorwatchingbecausetheywanttofindoutwhathappens.____16____Manyofhistory’sgreatestdiscoveriesweremadebycuriouspeople.Peoplewonderedhowprocessesworkedorhowcertaintaskscouldbedonemoreeffectively.Thankstotheircuriosity,peoplenowknowfarmoreabouttheworldandhaveusefultechnologytohelpthem.Evenifyoudon’tplantobeaninventororresearcher,curiositycanstillhelpyouintheclassroom.Ifyoudevelopthejoyoflearning,classwillbemorefun.____17____Evenifyou’renolongerastudent,curiositywillmakeyoubetterinformedandthusamorecapableworker.Whatdoyoudoifyou’renotalreadycurious?____18____Ifyouactlikeyou’recurious,you’llquicklystarttoactuallyfeelcurious.Often,themoreyoulearnaboutatopicthemoreinterestingitbecomes.Asyoulearnaboutatopic,gatherinformationfromasmanysourcesaspossible.Readavarietyofbooks,watchorlistentolecturesandaskquestions.____19____Instead,learntoappreciatefactsthatdifferentpeopleknowandthedifferentopinionsthattheyexpress.Don’tassumeyoualreadyknowwhatyouneedtoknow.Instead,searchforalternatepossibilitiesandpointsofview.____20____Remember,everyoneknowssomethingthatyoudon’t.Findoutwhatthatis,andaskaboutit.Thisletsyoulearnsomethingandmakestheotherpersonhappybylettingthemshowofftheirknowledge.Intheclassroomoroutofit,developingcuriosityissuretobeworthwhile.A.Askalotofquestions.B.Butcuriosityalsoprovidesmanypracticalbenefits.C.Acceptavarietyofresourcestofeedyourcuriosity.D.Fortunately,curiosityisaskillthatcanbeimproved.E.Don’talwaysgetyourinformationfromthesamesource.F.Curiositydrivestheprocessofdiscoveriesandinnovation.G.Andyou’llexcelbecauseyouwillbefullyengagedintheprocessoflearning.【答案】16.B17.G18.D19.E20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了好奇心的好處以及提高好奇心的方法和策略。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Peoplekeepreadingorwatchingbecausetheywanttofindoutwhathappens.(人們一直閱讀或觀看，因?yàn)樗麄兿胫腊l(fā)生了什么)”以及下文講述了好奇心的好處可知，此處與前文形成對比，并引出后文好奇心的好處，故B項(xiàng)“但是好奇心也會帶來一些實(shí)際的好處?！蹦軌虺猩蠁⑾?，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Evenifyoudon’tplantobeaninventororresearcher,curiositycanstillhelpyouintheclassroom.Ifyoudevelopthejoyoflearning,classwillbemorefun.(即使你不打算成為一個(gè)發(fā)明者和研究者，好奇心也能在課堂上幫助你。如果你培養(yǎng)了學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣，教室就會變得更加有趣)”可知，此處指出好奇心可以在課堂上幫助你，也解釋了好奇心如何讓學(xué)習(xí)更有趣和投入，此處在說明好奇心帶來的實(shí)際好處，故G項(xiàng)“你會出類拔萃，因?yàn)槟銜硇牡赝度氲綄W(xué)習(xí)過程中?！蹦軌虺薪由衔模险Z境。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whatdoyoudoifyou’renotalreadycurious?(如果你已經(jīng)不再感到好奇了，應(yīng)該怎么做呢？)”可知，此處提出了問題，且空后的內(nèi)容介紹了一些提高好奇心的方法和策略，故D項(xiàng)“幸運(yùn)地是，好奇心是一種可以培養(yǎng)的技能?！蹦軌虺猩蠁⑾拢险Z境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Instead,learntoappreciatefactsthatdifferentpeopleknowandthedifferentopinionsthattheyexpress.(相反，學(xué)會去欣賞不同的人知道的事實(shí)，以及他們表達(dá)的不同的觀點(diǎn))”可知，此處與下文是對應(yīng)關(guān)系，故E項(xiàng)“不要總是從相同的渠道獲取資源”能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Remember,everyoneknowssomethingthatyoudon’t.Findoutwhatthatis,andaskaboutit.(記住，每個(gè)人都知道一些你不知道的事情，弄清楚它們是什么，并詢問它們是什么)”可知，本段內(nèi)容主要提出培養(yǎng)好奇心的另一個(gè)方法——問問題，故A項(xiàng)“問很多問題?！蹦軌蚋爬ū径未笠猓m合作本段主旨句，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。InJanuary2023,IwascommutingfromBrooklyntoNewJersey.Withtwolittlekidsandabusybusiness,aquiettrainridefeltlikeamini___21___.YetIfoundmyselfspendingthat___22___timescrolling(瀏覽)throughsocialmediafeeds.Oneday,I___23___myphoneandstartedwritingthank-younotestopeoplewhohad___24___toamoney-raiserIhadorganized.Gettingoffthetrain,Iwasinanoticeably___25___mood.Thenextday,Iwrotemorethank-youletters—andfeltthesame.Something___26___.WhatifIkeptitup?Idecidedtowriteonethank-younoteforeveryday.IhadnoshortageofpeopleIwas___27___to.Ipickedoutadifferent___28___foreachmonth.Januarywascharity.Februarywouldbeneighbors,andIthoughtofadozennamesimmediately.Irememberedwhentheownersofourlocalbookstoreletmeandmyson,Henry,___29___beforethestoreopenedand____30____toplayhisfavoritesoundtrack.Irecalledwhenourbabysitterdroppedoffsomeboardgamesforour____31____.Writingthenoteswasn’tthat____32____:Eachwastwoorthreesentenceslong;takingjustafewminutes.I____33____onthepersonIwaswritingtoandwhatIwantedtosay,andthewordscamefairly____34____.Thatfocusfeltrefreshing.Ieventuallyrealizedwhythistaskwastheperfectcuretomysocialfeeds.ScrollingthroughInstagram,Iwasadmiringothers’lives.However,writingthank-younoteswasanactof____35____andhonoringmyownlife.21.A.journey B.program C.vacation D.hall22.A.precious B.busy C.short D.mean23A.breakup B.turnedin C.reachedout D.putdown24.A.flowed B.contributed C.led D.linked25.A.better B.bluer C.friendlier D.guiltier26.A.clicked B.occurred C.came D.froze27.A.sorry B.angry C.grateful D.available28.A.piece B.step C.signal D.theme29.A.out B.in C.away D.on.30.A.continued B.refused C.added D.offered.31.A.parents B.kids C.drivers D.neighbors32.A.time-consuming B.consumer-friendly C.energy-saving D.trouble-making33.A.reflected B.concentrated C.congratulated D.stepped34.A.flexibly B.soundly C.easily D.skillfully35.A.protecting B.adopting C.noticing D.controlling【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.A26.A27.C28.D29.B30.D31.B32.A33.B34.C35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在一次坐火車通勤時(shí)，選擇放下手機(jī)，開始給那些給她組織的基金捐款的人寫感謝信。下車之后，她的心情明顯好了很多。之后她決定那一年的每天都寫一封感謝信，并且每一個(gè)月都有不同的主題。在這個(gè)過程中，她學(xué)會了關(guān)注和欣賞自己的生活?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：帶著兩個(gè)小孩和忙碌的工作，安靜的火車之旅感覺就像一次迷你假期。A.journey旅程；B.program項(xiàng)目；C.vacation假期；D.hall大廳。根據(jù)前文“Withtwolittlekidsandabusybusiness”可知，作者由于照顧兩個(gè)小孩和做忙碌的工作很辛苦，一個(gè)安靜的火車旅程對于作者來說都像是假期。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己把寶貴的時(shí)間花在了瀏覽社交媒體動態(tài)上。A.precious珍貴的；B.busy繁忙的；C.short短的；D.mean吝嗇的。根據(jù)前文“Withtwolittlekidsandabusybusiness,aquiettrainridefeltlikeamini___1___.”可知，在火車上的這段時(shí)間對于生活繁忙的作者來說就像是一個(gè)迷你假期，這段時(shí)間對于作者來說自然是珍貴的。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：有一天，我放下手機(jī)，開始給那些為我組織的籌款活動捐款的人寫感謝信。A.breakup分手；B.turnedin上交；C.reachedout伸出；D.putdown放下。根據(jù)后文“startedwritingthank-younotestopeople”可知，作者開始寫感謝信，這說明她沒有玩手機(jī)，把手機(jī)放下了。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：句意：有一天，我放下手機(jī)，開始給那些為我組織的籌款活動捐款的人寫感謝信。A.flowed流動；B.contributed捐贈，做貢獻(xiàn)；C.led帶領(lǐng)；D.linked聯(lián)系。根據(jù)后文“toamoney-raiserIhadorganized.”可知，作者是寫信給那些為自己的募捐活動做出貢獻(xiàn)的人。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：下火車的時(shí)候，我的心情明顯好了很多。A.better更好的；B.bluer更憂郁的；C.friendlier更友好的；D.guiltier更內(nèi)疚的。根據(jù)前文“startedwritingthank-younotes”可知，作者放下手機(jī)，開始做有意義的事情，心情變得更好。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我突然有了一個(gè)想法。A.clicked突然明白，念頭閃過；B.occurred發(fā)生；C.came到來；D.froze冰凍。根據(jù)后文“whatifIkeptitup?”可知，作者突然有了一直寫下去的想法。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我從不缺少讓我感激的人。A.sorry抱歉的；B.angry生氣的；C.grateful感激的；D.available可利用的。根據(jù)前文“writeonethank-younoteforeveryday”可知，作者需要感激的人有很多。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我為每個(gè)月挑選了一個(gè)不同的主題。A.piece片，段；B.step步驟；C.signal信號；D.theme主題。根據(jù)后文“Januarywascharity.Februarywouldbeneighbors,andIthoughtofadozennamesimmediately.”可知，作者的感謝信每個(gè)月的主題不同。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我記得有一次，當(dāng)?shù)貢甑睦习遄屛液蛢鹤雍嗬跁觊_門之前進(jìn)去，并提出要放他最喜歡的配樂。A.out出來；B.in進(jìn)入；C.away遠(yuǎn)離；D.on在上面。根據(jù)后文“beforethestoreopened”可知，店主在開門營業(yè)前讓作者和兒子進(jìn)去。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我記得有一次，當(dāng)?shù)貢甑睦习遄屛液蛢鹤雍嗬跁觊_門之前進(jìn)去，并提出要放他最喜歡的配樂。A.continued繼續(xù)；B.refused拒絕；C.added增加；D.offered提議。根據(jù)后文“playhisfavoritesoundtrack.”可知，店主主動提出播放兒子最喜歡的歌曲。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想起了保姆給孩子們送來一些棋盤游戲的情景。A.parents父母；B.kids孩子；C.dri