定語從句之關(guān)系代詞用法及專項練習

定語從句一(關(guān)系代詞的用法)一.定語從句概念1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。3.關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系________:有______,_______,______,_______,_________,_______等；關(guān)系________:有______,_______,______等。關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：①引導定語從句。②代替先行詞。③在定語從句中充當一個成分。注意：根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間有無逗號隔開，定語從句分為限制性和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式不用逗號和主句隔開用逗號和主句隔開意義是先行詞不可缺少的定語，不能刪除是對先行詞的補充說明刪除后意思仍完整譯法翻譯成先行詞的定語，“…的…”通常翻譯成主句的并列句限制性定語從句舉例：(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那當醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他還有其他的哥哥）(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是當醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他只有一個哥哥）二.引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞1.who指______，在從句中充當_________(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.(3)InthemeetingIsawMr.SmithwhoImetinmybirthdayparty.2.whom指_______，在定語從句中充當_______，?？墒÷浴?1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指______，在定語從句中做______或者_______，做_______時可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人時，相當于______或者_______；指物時，相當于_______。在定語從句中做______或者_______，做_______時可省略。(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做________(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,ofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.【詳細講解】Ⅰ.關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法(一)限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況:1．當先行詞是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等不定代詞時，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.2.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4.當形容詞被thevery,theonly,just修飾時(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.5.當先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時________________________________________________________________5.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.________________________________________________________________強化訓練把下列中文用定語從句翻譯成英文。1.他在中國參觀的第一個博物館是歷史博物館。________________________________________________________________2.你有任何關(guān)于這個主題的信息都發(fā)給我吧。________________________________________________________________3.不到長城非好漢。________________________________________________________________4.那條兩邊都是樹的河一直流向海洋。________________________________________________________________5.媽媽給我買了臺電腦作為生日禮物,這正是我所渴望的。________________________________________________________________6.掌握一門外語很有用,這是大家公認的。________________________________________________________________定語從句二(介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞＋關(guān)系代詞引導(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(5)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6)We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose.(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)(5)Tom,onwhosebikeIwenttoschoolisafriendofmine.(T)3.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.4.“復合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞which”引導的定語從句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號隔開,定語從句常用倒裝語序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.總結(jié)：判斷介詞的方法有以下三種：看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞(習慣搭配)先行詞放在從句中需不需要添介詞通過整個句子整體含義來判斷專項練習2用”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空1.Theyheldameeting,_____________thehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.2.Thebook,____________hepaid6yuan,isworthreading.3.Isthistheman___________housethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?4.WuDong,____________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.5.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,__________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.單項選擇6.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding__________thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich7.Thewoman________mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom8.Hisglasses,________hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_________writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheSecondWorldWar______millionsofpeoplewerekilledwasin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich11.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,________wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose12.Thedictionary,_________Ipaid80dollars,wasstolen.A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.towhich13.GrandmaLianghastwosons,_________aresoldiers.A.twoofwhomB.whomC.bothofwhomD.oneofthem14.Hearrivedhalfanhourlate,________madeuseunhappy.A.thatB.asC.whatD.which15.Jane,__________sistersarefamousmodelsintheworld,willattendtheimportantceremony.A.withwhoB.withwhichC.withwhomD.withwhose仿寫練習用介詞+關(guān)系代詞的形式把下列句子翻譯成英文。1.Jim是我的外教，從他身上我學到了很多有用的東西。________________________________________________________________2.我喜歡窗子朝南的房子。________________________________________________________________3.他給了我?guī)妆疚也惶煜さ母枨?。________________________________________________________________4.中國有許多大河流，其中長江和黃河是最重要的河流。________________________________________________________________5.他有兩個兄弟，沒有一個是教師。________________________________________________________________綜合強化訓練1.Itisbynomeansclear______thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as2.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without________helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that3.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof_________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.as4.Theairqualityinthecity,________isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.thatB.itC.asD.what5.Mrs.LeewillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,________itwillbecompletelyfinished.A.bywhichtimeB.bythattimeC.bythistimeD.bythetime6.Heissuchalovelystudent_______everyoneloves.A.asB.whoC.thatD.whom7.Thestudentthatteacherthinksbestplayedtruant(逃學)yesterday,________madetheteacherverydisappointed.A.asB.thatC.whichD.who8.Haveyouseenthebook________isyellow?A.thecoverofitB.whichcoverC.thecoverofwhichD.which’scover9.______isknowntousallthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It10.Ellenwaspainterofbirdsandofnature,______,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom11.Careofthesoulisagradualprocess______eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.A.thatB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich12.Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.this13.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,_______heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what14.Inourclassthereare46students,________halfwereglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem15.Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom_______youreceivedgifts?A.whichB.themC.thatD.whom16.Theprizewillgotothewriter_______storyshowsthemostimagination.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose17.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whichD.whose18.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses________arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.thatC.asD.inwhich19.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction