時(shí)態(tài)精講精練(帶習(xí)題)

語(yǔ)法專題四：時(shí)態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在時(shí)(Presenttenses)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：do/does/be(am/is/are)用法：1.表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。2.表示客觀規(guī)律、真理；特征、性格等。3.用于標(biāo)題，小說(shuō)、劇本、圖片等中的情節(jié)介紹。4.用于時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀從中，表將來(lái)。5.表示按方案、規(guī)定的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如時(shí)刻表等。6.表示狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)、感情、附屬、心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如be,exist,remain,stay,obtain;hear,see,seem,appear,smell(聞起來(lái))，taste,look,sound,feel;例句：1〕Healwaysreadytohelpothers.(be)2)ItneverinGuangzhou.(snow)3〕Theteachersaidthatlightfasterthansound.(travel)4)Herethebus.(come)5).①Thetrainat10a.m.(leave)②SchoolnextMonday.(begin)6〕.Ifyouwillwait(=pleasewait)amoment,I’llgoandtellthemanagerthatyouarehere.7)YouseewhatImean?2)Iwantabook.3)Ithinkyouareright.用法：1.表示現(xiàn)在、現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.常與go,leave,come,arrive,stay,move等連用，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。3.與always,forever等連用，表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)，含厭倦或贊賞的意思。注意：1.表示感覺(jué)、心理、結(jié)果性的動(dòng)詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.常見(jiàn)表進(jìn)行的副詞、介短：inprogressinoperationonshow例句：1.Itsmellsterrible；Ithinksomething.〔burn〕2.I’mjusthelpingoutbeforethenewsecretarycomeshere.〔現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行〕3.Thenaughtyboyisbeingquitequiettoday.(表示一時(shí)的狀態(tài))4.Wehimafterthat.aremeeting(meet)(方案安排將來(lái)的動(dòng)作)5.Weifyoucanlendusahand.(wonder)(委婉語(yǔ)氣)7.Mumalwaysaboutmystudies.(Complain)〔感情色彩〕8.Thebridgeisconstruction/repair.(介詞)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/hasdone用法：1.過(guò)去發(fā)生且結(jié)束，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響。2.過(guò)去發(fā)生且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如forawhile,since,sofar,now,today,thisweek/month等。3.在以下兩個(gè)句型中，其從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：It(This)isthefirst(last,second,third,…)timethat…It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting,…)+n.+that…eg.1〕經(jīng)理去美國(guó)了，你將代替他。他去美國(guó)很屢次了。2〕Hefor5years.Hesince1995.〔study〕3〕I’llgotoyourhomewhenImyhomework.(finish)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/hasbeendoing用法：1.過(guò)去發(fā)生，目前還在進(jìn)行，且可能持續(xù)下去，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。2.有時(shí)動(dòng)作不是一直不停進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的重復(fù)。eg.1〕Sorrytohavecomelate.–-Ilong.(沒(méi)等太久)2〕youforayearthatyouwillstudyabroad.(一直在說(shuō))穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：1.I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.Imymum.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavetaken2.Becausefarmland______quickly,thegovernmentisconsideringsolvingtheproblem.A.isbeinglostB.islostC.islosingD.loses3.JohnandI______friendsfor8years.Wefirstgottoknoweachotherataparty.Butwe______eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;havebeenB.havebeen;havebeenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen4.DadwillcometoseemewhenI______thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish5.---Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?---Idon’tthinkso.He______totheradiowithhiseyesshut.A.listenedB.waslisteningC.haslistenedD.hadlistened6.We______ournewneighborsyet,sowedon’tknowtheirnames.A.don’tmeetB.won’tmeetC.haven’tmetD.hadn’tmet7.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar______atthegarage.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.berepaired8.---______leaveattheendofthemonth.---Idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntil______anotherjob.A.I’mgoingto;you’dfoundB.I’mgoingto;you’vefoundC.I’ll;you’llfindD.I’ll;you’dfind9.Iwon’ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe______onitforanhour.A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked10.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren______skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoingI______inLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived12.Thismachine______.Ithasn’tworkedforyears.A.didn’tworkB.wasn’tworkingC.doesn’tworkD.isn’tworking13.Myfriend,who______ontheIOCallhislife,isretiringnextmonth.A.servedB.isservingC.hadservedD.hasserved14.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026______offat18:20.A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken15.---Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand______now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned16.SofaritisthebestcrosstalkI______.A.heardB.haveheardC.willhearD.hadheard17.---Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.---I’msorry,butbythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI______myguestsinmyoffice.A.isbeingmetB.willmeetC.willbemeetingD.willhavemet18.---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.---Iamtired.I______thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted19.Withthedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology______tothefieldofIT.A.hasintroducedB.isbeingintroducedC.isintroducedD.wasintroduced20.Thetwofriends______onlineforthreehours,andtheywillgoon.A.hadbeenchattingB.hadchattedC.werechattingD.havebeenchatting21.---Let’sseeifthebaseballgamehasstartedyet.---Started?Itmustbeclearwho______bynow.A.iswinningB.winsC.haswonD.wouldwin22.---What’sthematter,Jane?Youlooksad.---Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,I______ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.wasjustthinkingB.justthoughtC.havejustbeenthinkingD.havejustthought23.HewillhavelearnedEnglishfor8yearsbythetimehe______fromuniversity.A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate24.Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimethatsomeone______methatevening.A.tohaveinterruptedB.wouldhaveinterruptedC.hadinterruptedD.tointerrupt25.---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeIhere.A.wasB.amgoingC.cameD.havebeen2.過(guò)去時(shí)(Pasttenses)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與用法一般過(guò)去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：did/be(was/were)用法：1.表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與yesterday,lastnight,amomentago,thenextday等過(guò)去的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2.表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，可用usedto/would+do結(jié)構(gòu)。3.用于時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀從中，表示過(guò)去的將來(lái)。4.用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中：1〕用于if條件從句中，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)的虛擬；2〕在wish/asif/ifonly/wouldrather/Itistime等+從句中，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬。5.表示剛剛或過(guò)去不知，現(xiàn)在或說(shuō)話時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：be(was/were)+doing用法：1表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2表示按方案過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：had+done總概念：過(guò)去的過(guò)去。用法：1.用于主從復(fù)合句中：兩個(gè)動(dòng)作皆發(fā)生在過(guò)去，前一個(gè)動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。2.用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為“by+過(guò)去時(shí)間”的句子中。3.表示一種未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望和想法。4.用于“hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…than”的主句中。5.用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中：表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反。穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：1.Thousandsofpeopletookpartintheworkwhenthedam______.A.wasbuiltB.builtC.wasbeingbuiltD.wouldbebuilt2.Mr.James______acitybusfor20years.Nowhehasretired.A.wasdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.haddriven3.We______thatyouwouldbeabletovisitus,butyoudidn’t.A.expectedB.expectC.hadexpectedD.wereexpecting4.Rose______abookaboutChinalastmonth,butIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting5.Joancouldbeaveryattractivegirl,butshe______noattentiontoherclothes.A.paysB.paidC.waspayingD.hadpaid6.Theyshouldhavefinishedthejobbeforenoon,butthey______.A.don’tB.didn’tC.won’tD.haven’t7.Wouldn’titbebetterifwe______acar?A.boughtB.haveboughtC.buyD.couldbuy8.---Yourphonenumberagain,please.I______quitecatchit.---It’s9586440.A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t9.WhenIwasatcollege,I_____3foreignlanguages,butIallexceptafewwordsforeach.A.spoke;hadforgotten B.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgotten D.hadspoken;haveforgotten10.---Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.---Yes.Ataxi______atallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.isn’tThepenI______I______isonmydesk,rightundermynose.A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;havelost12.---Whatdoyouthinkofmysuggestion?---Iamsorry.I______aboutsomethingelse.A.thoughtB.wasthinkingC.amthinkingD.hadthought13.Iarrivedlate.I______theroadtobesocrowded.A.wouldn’texpectB.haven’texpectedC.hadn’texpectedD.didn’texpected14.WhenMarydroppedin,I______forawhileand______somereading.A.wasplaying;wasgoingtodoB.played;didC.hadplayed;wasgoingtodoD.hadplayed;did15.---IamsureyoumetAliceatthepartylastweek.---Idon’trememberher.What______she______?A.was;wearingB.had;wornC.did;wearD.would;wear16.---Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?---Ofcourse.Whatisit?---I______ifyoucouldtellmehowtofillouttheform.A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderD.didwonder17.Johnspent$3,000morethanhe______forthewedding.A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned18.I______alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident______.A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurred19.Thewater______coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels20.They_____twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.A.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.get21.---Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.---Whatapity!Tina______heretoseeyou.A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen22.Beforethefirstnon-stopflightin1949,it______necessaryforallplanestolandforrefuel.A.wouldbeB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.wouldhavebeen23.---Iwillcomebacktomorrow.---Ifonlyyou______yesterday.A.havecome B.hadcome C.came D.wouldcome24.Thecrazyfans______fortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaiting B.hadbeenwaiting C.hadwaited D.wouldwait25.Nosooner_____themselvesintheirseatsinthetheatre______thecurtainwentup.A.theyhavesettled;beforeB.hadtheysettled;thanC.havetheysettled;whenD.theyhadsettled;than26.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,whichthePacific,andwemetnostorms.A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled3.將來(lái)時(shí)(Futuretenses)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和用法一般將來(lái)時(shí)總結(jié)構(gòu)：will/shall〔用于第一人稱〕+do用法：表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。will:1.表示純將來(lái)或臨時(shí)的決定。2.表示意志、意愿。3.還可表現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。begoingto:1.表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)將來(lái)的方案、打算。2.表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)將來(lái)的推測(cè)。bedoing:進(jìn)行時(shí)表示就近將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事。betodo:表示對(duì)將來(lái)的方案、安排。beaboutto:表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，句中不用表示未來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?！驳?dāng)be為was/were時(shí)，那么常與when狀從連用〕過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)總結(jié)構(gòu)：would+do用法：參考現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)注意：was/were+todo:除表示曾經(jīng)的方案、打算外，還可表示“后來(lái)結(jié)果，注定”的含義。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：will/shallbedoing用法：將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。將來(lái)完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：will/shallhavedone用法：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。常與“by+將來(lái)時(shí)間”連用。穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：1.Idon’tknowifhe______.Ifhe______,I’llletyouknow.A.willcome;comes B.comes;willcomeC.comes;comes D.willcome;willcome2.She______lawthemomentshehasfinishedmid-school.A.istostudyB.isabouttostudyC.willbestudyingD.willhavestudied3.I’llreturnthebooktothelibraryassoonasI______it.A.finishedB.amgoingtofinishC.willfinishD.havefinished4.Insuchdryweather,theplantswillhavetobewateredifthey______.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive5.Bythetimeyougettotheairport,she______forNewZealand.A.wouldbeleavingB.hasleftC.isleavingD.willhaveleft6.It______longbeforewe______theresultoftheexperiment.A.won’tbe;willknowB.is;willknowC.won’tbe;knowD.is;know7.---DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?---Oh,no,I____.I______callhernow.A.forget;willB.forgot;willC.forget;amtoD.forgot;amto8.Wehadtobepatientbecauseit______sometimebeforewegotthefullresult.A.wouldbeB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen9.IfIcallagaininanhour,doyouthinkyourboss______?A.hadarrivedB.hasarrivedC.willhavearrivedD.willbearriving10.

Ifaman______succeed,hemustworkashardashecan.A.will B.isto C.isgoingto D.should11.Bythistimenextyearhe______fromthiscollege.A.willbegraduating B.shouldbegraduatingC.willhavegraduatedD.isgraduating12.Ifcitynoises_______fromincreasing,people_______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhaveto B.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhaveto D.donotkeep;haveto13.Bythetimeheretires,ProfessorLi_______foralmost40years.A.willteachB.hastaughtC.willhavetaughtD.willbeteaching14.Hislettersaid,“I_______onthe7thofOctober”.A.wasarrivingB.wouldarriveC.willbearrivingD.amarriving15.Lookattheclouds._______.A.It’llrainB.It’sgoingtorainC.It’llberainingD.Itistorain16.---Thevisitorinvitedhasjustarrived,sir.---Really?Ididn’tthinkhe______untilnextweek.A.iscomingB.wascomingC.hascomeD.hadcome17.Allbutone______takepartintheconference______tomorrow.A.isgoingto；whichistoholdB.aregoingto；whichisabouttobeheldC.isgoingto；whichistobeheld D.aregoingto；whichistobeheld18.Theoldcouple______takeawalka