Unit(1)ScienceandScientistsLanguagepoints(1)課件高中英語人教版選擇性

Languagepoints1

Cholerausedtobeoneofthemost_______(fear)diseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor.JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國醫(yī)生約翰?斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhea,dehydration,andevendeath.它可導致嚴重腹瀉、脫水甚至死亡。1.severeadj. 極為惡劣的;十分嚴重的;嚴厲的severelyadv.severity

n.besevereon/withsb.對……嚴厲

嚴于律己

beseverewithoneselffeared1)她對所有遲到的學生都同樣嚴厲。Shewas____________________

studentswhowerelateforclass.2）Severalofthepassengerswere____________(severe)injuredintheaccident.3）Atfirst,theydidn'tunderstandthe

_____________

(severe)oftheproblem/situation.severelyseverityequallysevereon/withAsayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.2.frustrated:adj.懊惱的;

沮喪的;

失意的---學案P.2/1.frustrate

vt.使懊惱、使沮喪frustratingadj.令人懊喪的frustrationn.[U]懊惱；沮喪；[C.usuallypl.]令人沮喪的事物

in

/withfrustration沮喪地；懊惱地

Uptotwohoursofwaitingfortheexamresultsmademef__________.Hewasonceaf_________writer,whosefirstbookwasrejectedtwicebypublishers.What_________(frustrate)memostwasthe___________(frustrate)resultsofourteam’snarrowdefeat（惜?。﹊nthefinal.Heshookhishead____________________(沮喪地).frustratedfrustratedfrustratedfrustratingin/withfrustrationIntime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.后來，他成了一位名醫(yī)。甚至照料分娩的維多利亞女王。3.intime=eventually最后/終于;

及時，來得及;

_______,youwillrealizehowmuchyourparentscareaboutyou.

遲早你會意識到你的父母有多關(guān)心你。Theyarrivedjust

_____________

thelasttrainoutoftown.他們恰好及時趕上了出城的最后一班火車。intimetocatchIntimeIngeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.4.contradictoryadj. 矛盾的（to）;對立的;不一致的contradictvt./vi反駁;vt.與……相矛盾contradictionn.矛盾;(事實、看法等)不一致;對立目擊者的說法互相矛盾，真相依然未明。1）Thewitnessstatements

___________________（v.）andthefactsremainunclear.2)Thewitnessstatements

___________________________

（adj.）andthefactsremainunclear.3)How

can

we

solve

this

______________________(明顯的矛盾)?contradicteachother

arecontradictorytoeachotherapparentcontradictionAnother(theory意見，看法；推測)wasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfection

fromgermsinfoodorwater.另一種看法是食物或飲用水中的細菌感染導致霍亂。5.

infectionn.[u]感染/傳染;[c]（身體某部位的）感染；傳染病

infect

vt.

使感染/傳染;使感染（某種感情）；影響beinfectedwithsth.

infectiousadj.

傳染性的，感染的;有感染力的1）自新冠疫情暴發(fā)以來美國超1400萬兒童感染了新冠。Over14mchildreninUS

_____________________

COVID-19

sincetheonset

（（尤指不愉快事情的）開始）ofthepandemic.2）Heroptimismseemed_______________

allthosearoundher.

她的樂觀情緒似乎感染了周圍所有的人。3）Hislaughteris______________.havebeeninfected

withto

infectinfectiousSnow

subscribedtothesecondtheory.斯諾贊同第二種看法。6.subscribe---學案p.2/2.subscriber

n.

訂閱人；定期捐款者；消費者subscription

n.

[c/u]訂閱；訂閱費；[u]定期捐款subscribetoaview(=agreewith;approveof)贊同一個觀點subscribeto(訂購;訂閱)amagazine

訂閱雜志subscribetoacharity定期向慈善機構(gòu)捐款(contribute/donateto)【常用搭配】1)Ihavenever________________________schooldaysarethehappiestdaysofyourlife.我從未贊同過學生時代是一生中最快樂的日子這種看法。2)

I

____________________________

thecharity.

我每個月向慈善團體捐助十英鎊。3)He'sthinkingof

_________________

satelliteTV.

他正在考慮付費收看衛(wèi)星電視。subscribedtotheviewthatsubscribe

￡10amonth

tosubscribingtoItwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.這一看法是正確的，但他仍需要證據(jù)。7.proof

(s)n. [c/u]證據(jù);證明[u]evidence;[u]檢驗；證實provevt.這份文件證實了她所說的是真的。1)

Thedocumentgave

________ofthetruthofherstory.3)Thedocument_________

thatherstorywastrue.

adj.能抵御…的

rainproof/windproofclothing

防雨/防風服裝proofprovedThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet.However,somehouseholds

(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.寬街水泵附近有多例死亡（人數(shù)）。但是有些住戶(如寬街20號和21號以及劍橋街8號和9號)卻無人死亡。8.

multipleadj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的He_________________________.

他死于多處受傷。diedofmultipleinjuriesSnowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.

斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。9.suspect

vt.

懷疑;疑有suspect;不信任---學案p.3/3.

n.[c]嫌疑犯，被懷疑者(in,for)

adj.=suspicious

可疑的;不可信的1)我們懷疑你作弊。Wesuspectyouofcheating.=(that…)Wesuspect(that)youcheated.=(tobe…)Wesuspectyoutobeacheat(騙子;作弊者).2)__________(suspect)ofcarryingdrugs,thetravelerwasstoppedbythecustomsofficer.3）

__________________thatthedrugshadbeenbroughtintothecountrybyboat.有人懷疑毒品是用船運入該國的。SuspectedItwassuspected1.你們不應該把這次失敗怪在約翰頭上。Youshouldn’tblameJohnforthefailure.=Youshouldn’tblamethefailureonJohn.=Youshouldn’tput/lay

/placethe

blameforthefailureon

John2.Itisyourfatherwhoistoblameforthat.

是你爸爸該為這事負責。10.blame—學案p.3/4take/bear/accept/shouldertheblame承擔責任

Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremoved

sothatitcouldnotbeused.于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。11.Accordingly:consequently;therefore

因此；所以；于是相應地Theyhavebrokentherulesandwillbepunishedaccordingly.他們違反了規(guī)定，將會受到相應的懲罰。12.handlen.[c]把手;拉手;柄

vt.處理/應付/對待；（dealwith);搬動/拿;

操縱(車輛/動物/工具等);經(jīng)銷/買賣1)Thebakedpotatoesweretoohotto

handle

withourbarehands.

這些烤土豆太燙了，我們不能徒手拿。2)He'shavingahardtime

handling

thepressureofhisnewjob.

他正處于一段艱難時期，應對新工作帶來的壓力。3)Hewasarrestedfor

handling

stolengoods.

他因買賣贓物而被捕。4)Somestudentsarequitedifficulttohandle.有些學生很難對付。5）Ididn'tknowifI'dbeabletohandlesuchalargevehicle.

我不知道我能否駕駛這么大一輛車。Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.這一干預舉措遏制了疾病的蔓延。13.intervention（in）[c/u]干涉,干預

intervene

（in）

vi.[??nt??vi?n]

intervention

intheinternalaffairsofmanycountries.對多國內(nèi)政的干涉NocountrycaninterveneinChina’sunification（統(tǒng)一）.14.stopsthinitstracks忽然中止某事

stopsbintheirtracks(使由于恐懼等原因)突然止步，怔住了Theyplantostopthereformprocessinitstrack.他們打算中止改革進程。Hercomment

stoppedme(dead)inmytracks.

她的話讓我當場愣住了。Nuclearpower______________________.mustbestoppedinitstracksMoreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.此外，斯諾之后還證明了另外幾起霍亂病例與倫敦多家飲用水公司有關(guān)。15.

link

n.[c]聯(lián)系;紐帶

vt.把...連接起來;相關(guān)聯(lián)alinkbetweensth(andsth);alink

withsth.linkAto/with/and

B連接;belinkedwith/to與…有關(guān)聯(lián)(連接)1)Abridge__________

theisland____________themainland.2)_______(link)closelywithmanystudents’poorperformanceatschool,smartphonesarebannedinsomeschools.3)科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種與老年癡呆癥發(fā)展相關(guān)的基因。Scientistshavediscoveredagenethat

___________________thedevelopmentofAlzheimer'sdisease.4)警方懷疑那兩樁兇殺案可能有關(guān)聯(lián)。Policesuspect_______________________________thetwomurders.5)對于老年人來說，電視是與外界聯(lián)系的重要紐帶。Forelderlypeople,TVis_______________________

theoutsideworld.

islinkedto/withLinkedto/with/andlinkstheremay

bealink

between

animportant

linkwithSomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.未處理的廢棄物16.rawadj.一詞多義

rawfish/data/material生魚原始數(shù)據(jù)原材料Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.

與飲用純浄水或開水的人相比，飲用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍亂。17.pure

pure-impure-purity-purify

ThroughSnow’stirelesseffort不懈努力,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrese.18.decreasevt./vi減少;減小;降低n.[c/u]減少;降低:減少量---學案P.5/6Anydecrease______tourismcouldhaveaseriouseffectonthelocaleconomy.Fortunately,thenumberofcyclistsrunningtheredlightis_____thedecrease（=isdecreasing）.Peopleplantedtreesonthewastehills___________(減少)watera