黃金卷2-2023年高考英語模擬卷（新高考II卷）（解析版）

【贏在高考?黃金8卷】備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語模擬卷（新高考II卷）

黃金卷02

（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需

改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，

寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，請先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的

答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出

最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段

對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是Co

1.Howdoesthegirlprobablyfeelaboutherjob?

A.Boredandtired.B.Interestedandexcited.C.Relaxedandrelieved.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:Sally,howareyougettingalongwiththetranslationwork?

W:Ihavewrittenandrewrittensomuchthat1don'tknowifTilevergetitfinished.

2.Howdoesthewomanrespond?

A.Sheisangry.B.Sheissatisfied.C.Sheforgivestheman.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:I'mreallysorryIdidn'tmakeittoyourpartylastnight,Julie.

W:It'sallverywelltosaythatnow.Wewastedhalftheeveningwaitingforyoutotumup.

3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Atthehotel.B.Atthecustoms.C.Atthecinema.

【答案】B

【原文】

M:Welcome.Passportandform,please.

W:Sure.Hereyougo.

M:Thankyou.What'sthepurposeofyourvisit?

W:I'mhereforwork.Tmonabusinesstrip.

4.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Rentinganapartment.B.Confirminganappointment.C.Makingacomplaint.

【答案】C

【原文】

M:Hello,apartmentmanagerofPassionHomesatyourservice.

W:ThisisAshleyJonesfrom215.Youpromisedyou'dsendsomeonetofixtheheating.Iwaited

thewholemorning,butnooneshowedup.Whyonearthisthat?

5.Howdoesthewomanfeelfinally?

A.Defeated.B.Depressed.C.Encouraged.

【答案】C

【原文】

M:Howwasyourexam?

W:Ireallymessedup,Uncle.Icouldn'tansweralotofthequestions.IalreadyknowthatIfailed.

M:Everybodymakesmistakes.AuntieandIwillalwayssupportyou!

W:Thankyou,Uncle.Iwilltryagain.

第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三

個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；

聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Howlongwillthespeakerswaitfor?

A.45minutes.B.55minutes.C.60minutes.

7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?

A.Waitinline.B.Dosomeshopping.C.Findanotherrestaurant.

【答案】6.A7.B

【原文】

M:Wow,look!Somanypeoplearewaitinginline.ThisplaceisalwayspackedonFridays.

W:Idon'twanttostandherefbranhour.Let'sgosomewhereelse.

M:It'sFridaynight.Everywherehasaline.Lefsjusteathere.Wecanuseawaitlistapp.

W:Awaitlistapp?Howdoesthatwork?

M:Youjustchoosetherestaurant,andtheappwillputyouonthewaitlistandgiveyouanumber.

W:That'seasy.Doesitsayhowmanygroupsareaheadofus?

M:Yeah,10groups.So,it'sa45-minutewaitforourtable,butwedon'thavetostickaroundhere.

W:Great.Whatarewewaitingfbr?Let'sdosomeshoppingtokilltime.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.HowdoesJoannafeel?

A.Tired.B.Happy.C.Anxious.

9.WhydoesJoannawanttomakebreakfast?

A.Topractisecooking.B.Topaybackhermum.C.Tolookafterhersickmum.

10.WhatcanweknowaboutJoanna?

A.Shehasgotmarried.

B.Shecangetupearlyeveryday.

C.Shelovesherfathermorethanhermother.

【答案】8.A9.B10.A

【原文】

M:Youlooktirednow,Joanna.

W:Iknow.Igotupat4amtomakebreakfastformymother.

M:Youareagreatdaughter.

W:Notreally.Itismymotherwhoiswonderful.Shegavemelifeandbroughtmeupverywell.

M:SoyoutrytorepayheronMother'sDay.

W:Right.Butshehasgivenmesomuchthatitwilltakehundredsofyearstorepayher.

M:MaybeweshouldhaveMother'sDayeverydayinsteadofjustonceayear.

W:Ifsagoodidea,Jeff.ButIcan'tgetupsoearlytomakebreakfastforhereveryday.

M:Weshouldtellourmomshowmuchwelovethemmoreoften.

W:Iagree!Iwilltellmyhusbandyourgreatidea.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Wherewasthewoman'suniversity?

A.InAmerica.B.InFrance.C.InEngland.

12.Wherewillthewomangotomorrow?

A.Tothemuseum.B.Tothelibrary.C.Totherestaurant.

13.WhenshouldthewomanleaveherhotelonSunday?

A.Atabout10:45a.m.B.Atabout9:45a.m.C.Atabout9:15a.m.

【答案】U.C12.A13.C

【原文】

M:Howwasyourexperienceinuniversity?YouwereinAmerica,right?

W:No,never!IwenttouniversityinEngland.Itwasareallygoodtime.Myparentslivein

France,soIcouldgotherefortheholidaysaswell.

M:Andnow,whatdoyouwantinyourfreetimehere?

W:IwouldlovetovisitthelocalmuseumtomorrowifIcan.Igottospendthewholedaytodayin

thelibrary.OnSaturday,IwanttogotothechurchandthentothatfamousChineserestaurant.

M:AndyouwillbegoingbackonSunday?

W:Yeah.Ihavetobeattheaiiportby10a.m.,soIhavetoleavemyhotelaccordingtothat.How

longwouldittaketogototheairportbytaxi?

M:About45minutes.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Friends.B.Co-workers.C.Familymembers.

15.HowdoesSarahusuallygotowork?

A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bytrain.

16.WhatdoesJasonplantodo?

A.Getridofhiscar.B.Recycleplastic.C.Giveupmeat.

17.WheredoesSarahseetoomuchunnecessaryplastic?

A.Atthesupermarket.B.Attheoffice.C.Athome.

【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.A

【原文】

W:Goodmorning,Jason.

M:Hi,Sarah.You'reearlyforworktoday.Ihaven'teventurnedmycomputeron.

W:Icamebytrain.Mycarisbeingrepaired.

M:Igotridofmycar.Icometoworkonthebuseverydaynow.

W:Why?

M:Iwanttohelptheenvironment.Carscausetoomuchpollutionandpublictransportisfarless

harmful.

W:Isupposeyou'reright,butIhaveafamilysoIneedthecar.

M:Well,thereareotherwaysofhelpingtheenvironment.

W:Ohyes,Ialwaysrecyclewasteathome—bottles,cansandthingslikethat.Plus,Itrytoeat

localfoodasmuchaspossible,sothatitdoesn'thavetobetransportedtoofar.

M:That'sgood.Tmgoingtostopeatingmeat.Producingmeatisverybadfortheenvironment,

andit'salsocrueltoanimals.

W:I'mnotsureIcoulddothat,butIdonoticesomethingwhenIgotothesupermarket.Thereis

somuchunnecessaryplasticusedforpackaging.

M:Oh,Iagree.Ialwaystrytousepaperbags.Plasticiscausingbigproblemsfortheenvironment,

soItrytoavoidusingitifpossible.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutCastleHoward?

A.Ittookitsnamefromafilm.

B.Ithasbeenhometoafamily.

C.Itwasonceusedfordefense.

19.WhatisspecialabouttheWalledGardens?

A.It'sopeneverydayoftheyear.

B.It'sthelargestgardeninEngland.

C.Ifsplantedwithmanykindsofroses.

20.Whoisprobablythespeaker

A.Atourguide.B.Agardener.C.Anewsreporter.

【答案】18.B19.C20.A

【原文】

W:Hieveryone.Aswe'rewaitinghere,letmeintroduceCastleHowardtoyou.Castle

Howardhasbecomeapopulartouristattractioninrecentyears.Thoughitsnamecontainsthe

word“castle”,itisnotatruecastlebecauseitwasneverusedfordefense.CastleHowardis

actuallyanEnglishcountryhouse.IthasbeenhometotheHowardfamilyformorethan300years.

Overtheyears,anumberoffilmshavebeenshotthere.Whenyouvisitittomorrow,you,llsee

manythings.Perhapsthere'stoomuchtosee.Butmakesureyoudon'tmissthesetwothings.

First,theWalledGardens.Itisagroupofthreegardens.Youcanfind2000differenttypesofroses

there,almostalltypesofrosesinEngland.TheWalledGardensisopeneverydayoftheyear,

exceptChristmas.Second,theWoodlandGarden.Ilisknownforfloweringplants,fruittrees,and

pathwaysthroughawoodedsetting.Inaword,CastleHowardisreallybeautiful.Youcouldspend

awholedayenjoyingitsbeautytomonow.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37?5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

FourStrangeAmericanTraditions

Let'slookatfourtraditionsAmericanscelebratewithoutevenconsideringhowstrangethe

restofworldconsiderthem.

BabyShowers

Thecustomofcelebratinganewchildhasbeenaroundforeverandispartofmostcultures.

IntheUS,however,it'shonoreddifferently:withababyshower.Thebabyshowerbeganduring

the1950s.Itinvolvesanafternoonpartyforthemom-to-beattendedbyclosefemalefriendsand

families.Theguestsplaybaby-themedgames,andthere'salwaysplentyoffood.

Trick-or-treating

ManycultureshavestronghistorictraditionslikedressinguparoundthetimeofHalloween,

butfewoftheseinvolvechildrengoingdoor-to-dooraskingforcandywiththewords,"Trickor

treat!”Typically,theirparentswouldn'tallowthemtotalktostrangers,beggingforcandyinthe

streetsatnight.Butallofasuddentheysupportsuchbehaviorsononemagicaleveningeachfall.

PresidentialTurkeyPardons

Thanksgivingingeneralseemstopuzzlethosewhoaren'tinterestedinAmericantraditions,

butperhapsnopartofthatturkeyfestivalseemsmoreunusualthantheannualceremonyduring

whichmodernpresidentsgiveanofficialpardontoaliveturkey.Interestingly,there'salsoagreat

dealofconfusionamongAmericansconcerningtheactualoriginsofthisstrangetradition.

BlackFridayShoppingSprees（瘋狂購物）

PeopleintheUShavenoproblemliningupbeforethesunevenrisestocashinonbigdeals

onBlackFriday.JusthoursaftermillionsofturkeysareeatenintheUnitedStateson

Thanksgivingeachyear,theshoppersheadouttogetastartontheiryearlyChristmasgiftlist.

BlackFridaysalespromotiontraditionallylaunchesthisnationalweekendshoppingactivity,

whichcontinueswithSmallBusinessSaturdayandendswithCyberMonday.

21.WhatcanthechildrendoinTrick-or-treating?

A.Askforcandyfromstrangers.B.Playsomebaby-themedgames.

C.Holdahistorictraditionalparty.D.Supporttheirparentstomakeatrick.

22.Whichtradition'soriginisstillunclear?

A.BabyShowers.B.Trick-or-treating.

C.PresidentialTurkeyPardons.D.BlackFridayShoppingSprees.

23.WhydoAmericansheadouttogoshoppingonBlackFriday?

A.Theyarefondofshoppingactivities.B.Theycanbuysomediscountedgoods.

C.Theywanttoimproveitspopularity.D.Theyhavetopreparecandyforstrangers.

【參考答案】

21.A22.C23.B

【語篇解讀】

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國四個奇怪的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。

【詳情解析】

21.【A】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Trick-or-treating中“Typically,theirparentswouldn'tallowthemto

talktostrangers,beggingforcandyinthestreetsatnight.Butallofasuddentheysupportsuch

behaviorsononemagicaleveningeachfall.（通常情況下，他們的父母不允許他們和陌生人

說話，不允許他們晚上在街上乞討糖果。但突然之間，它們在每年秋天的一個神奇的晚上

支持了這種行為。）“可知，在萬圣節(jié)“不給糖就搗蛋”的活動中，孩子們向陌生人要糖果。

故選Aa

22.【C】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PresidentialTurkeyPardons中“Interestingly,there'salsoagreatdeal

ofconfusionamongAmericansconcerningtheactualoriginsofthisstrangetradition.（有趣的

是，對于這個奇怪傳統(tǒng)的真正起源，美國人也有很多困惑。）“可知，美國總統(tǒng)“赦免”火雞

的傳統(tǒng)的起源依然不清楚。故選C。

23.[B]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“PeopleintheUShavenoproblemliningupbeforethesun

evenrisestocashinonbigdealsonBlackFriday.（在“黑色星期五”當(dāng)天，美國人甚至在太陽

升起之前就開始排隊搶購大減價商品。）”可知，美國人在“黑色星期五”當(dāng)天都出去購物的

原因是他們能買到打折商品。故選B。

B

At1:43a.m.October5,2022,StanfordchemistCarolynR.Bertozziwasawakenedbya

phonecallfromaNobelcommitteerepresentativewhotoldher,uYouhave50minutestocollect

yourselfandwaituntilyourlifechanges.^Instructednottosharetheannouncementoutsideofher

tightestinnercircle,thefirstpersonBertozzicalledwasherfather,aretiredphysicsprofessor

fromMIT.”He，s91and,ofcourse,hewasjustoveijoyed,"saidBertozzi.

CarolynBertozzi,bornOctober10,1966,Boston,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeinchemistry

forherdevelopmentofbioorthogonalreactions,whichallowscientiststoexplorecellsandtrack

biologicalprocesseswithoutdisturbingthenonnalchemistryofthecell.Shesharesthe$10

millionSwedishkronor（about$1millionUSD）prizeequallywithMortenMeldal,professorat

UniversityofCopenhagenandK.BarrySharpless,professoratScrippsResearcht4fbrthe

developmentofclickchemistryandbioorthogonalchemistry.”

Carolynreceivedabachelor'sdegreeinchemistryfromHarvardUniversityin1988anda

doctorateinthesamesubjectfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyin1993.Shewasa

postdoctoralfellowattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,from1993to1995.Shebecame

anassistantprofessoratBerkeleyin1996andafullprofessorofchemistryandmolecularandcell

biologyin2002.Shealsoheldanappointmentasaprofessorofmolecularandcellular

pharmacologyfrom2000to2002attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.In2015she

becameaprofessorofchemistryatStanfordUniversity.

“IcouldnotbemoredelightedthatCarolynBertozzihaswontheNobelPrizeinchemistry,

saidStanfordPresidentMarcTessier-Lavigne.4tInpioneeringthefieldofbioorthogonalchemistry,

Carolyninventedanewwayofstudyingbiomolecularprocesses,onethathashelpedscientists

aroundtheworldgainadeeperunderstandingofchemicalreactionsinlivingsystems.Herwork

hashadremarkablereal-worldimpact,providingnewdiagnosticandtherapeuticapproachesto

treatdisease.Carolynissodeservingofthishonor,andallofusatStanfordaretooproudtocall

heroneofourown.”

Carolyn'sbioorthogonalreactionshavebeenusedtostudyhowcellsbuildproteinsandother

molecules,todevelopnewcancermedicines,andtoproducenewmaterialsforenergystorage,

amongmanyotherapplications.

24.WhydoestheauthormentionthephonecallCarolynreceivedinParagraph1?

A.TointroducethebackgroundinformationofCarolyn.

B.Torevealaconversationbetweentwoscientists.

C.Toarousethereaders9interestinthepassage.

D.Toshowtheurgencyabouttheinformation.

25.WhatcanwelearnaboutCarolynfromparagraphs2and3?

A?Hereducationandsuccess.B.Herdelightandpride.

C.Herkindnessanddevotion.D.Herdreamandambition.

26.WhatcanweinferfromMarcTessier-Lavigne'swords?

A.HewantstocooperatewithCarolyn.B.Carolynhasfoundanewcureforcancer.

C.HebenefitsgreatlyfromCarolyn'sfindings.D.Carolyn'sfindingsareofgreatsignificance.

27.Whatisthetext?

A-Aprofile.B.Anewsreport.

C.Ajournal.D.Abookreview.

【參考答案】

24.C25.A26.D27.B

【語篇解讀】

這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)化學(xué)家CarolynR.Bertozzi在化學(xué)方面

的成就以及其受教育情況。

【詳情解析】

24.[C]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“At1:43a.m.October5,2022,StanfordchemistCarolyn

R.BertozziwasawakenedbyaphonecallfromaNobelcommitteerepresentativewhotoldher,

“Youhave50minutestocollectyourselfandwaituntilyourlifechanges.^^Instructednotto

sharetheannouncementoutsideofhertightestinnercircle,thefirstpersonBertozzicalledwas

herfather,aretiredphysicsprofessorfromMIT.（凌晨1點(diǎn)43分。2022年10月5日，斯坦福

大學(xué)化學(xué)家CarolynR.Bertozzi被諾貝爾委員會代表的電話吵醒，電話告訴她：“你有50

分鐘的時間整理自己，等待你的生活發(fā)生改變?！必悹柾衅澅桓嬷灰蛩钣H密的小圈

子以外的人透露這一消息，于是打電話給的第一個人是她的父親，一位麻省理工學(xué)院的退

休物理學(xué)教授。）可知電話時間、內(nèi)容與來電者都可以激發(fā)讀者興趣。故選C項。

25.[A]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“CarolynBertozzi,bomOctober10,1966,Boston,was

awardedtheNobelPrizeinchemistryforherdevelopmentofbioorthogonalreactions,which

allowscientiststoexplorecellsandtrackbiologicalprocesseswithoutdisturbingthenormal

chemistryofthecell.（CarolynBertozz,1966年10月10日出生于波士頓，因其生物正交反

應(yīng)的發(fā)展而被授予諾貝爾化學(xué)獎。生物正交反應(yīng)使科學(xué)家能夠在不干擾細(xì)胞正?；瘜W(xué)反應(yīng)

的情況下探索細(xì)胞并跟蹤生物過程。）”以及文章第三段“Carolynreceivedabachelor's

degreeinchemistryfromHarvardUniversityin1988andadoctorateinthesamesubjectfrom

theUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyin1993.ShewasapostdoctoralfellowattheUniversity

ofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,from1993to1995.ShebecameanassistantprofessoratBerkeley

in1996andafullprofessorofchemistryandmolecularandcellbiologyin2002.Shealsoheld

anappointmentasaprofessorofmolecularandcellularpharmacologyfrom2000to2002atthe

UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.In2015shebecameaprofessorofchemistiyat

StanfordUniversity/Carolyn1988年獲得哈佛大學(xué)化學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，1993年獲得加州大學(xué)伯

克利分?；瘜W(xué)博士學(xué)位。1993年至1995年，她在加州大學(xué)舊金山分校做博士后。1996

年，她成為伯克利大學(xué)的助理教授，2002年成為化學(xué)、分子和細(xì)胞生物學(xué)的正教授。2000

年至2002年，她還在加州大學(xué)舊金山分校擔(dān)任分子和細(xì)胞藥理學(xué)教授。2015年，她成為

斯坦福大學(xué)的化學(xué)教授。）”可知文章第二段主要介紹了Carolyn在化學(xué)方面的貢獻(xiàn)，第三

段主要介紹了她的教育與學(xué)歷的情況，所以從文章的二三段中我們可以了解到Carolyn的

有關(guān)教育和成功的情況。故選A項。

26.【D】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段""Inpioneeringthefieldofbioorthogonalchemistry,

Carolyninventedanewwayofstudyingbiomolecularprocesses,onethathashelpedscientists

aroundtheworldgainadeeperunderstandingofchemicalreactionsinlivingsystems.Herwork

hashadremarkablereal-worldimpact,providingnewdiagnosticandtherapeuticapproachesto

treatdisease.Carolynissodeservingofthishonor,andallofusatStanfordaretooproudtocall

heroneofourown."（"在開創(chuàng)生物正交化學(xué)領(lǐng)域時，Carolyn發(fā)明了一種研究生物分子過程

的新方法，這種方法幫助世界各地的科學(xué)家對生命系統(tǒng)中的化學(xué)反應(yīng)有了更深入的了解。

她的工作產(chǎn)生了顯著的現(xiàn)實影響，為治療疾病提供了新的診斷和治療方法。Carolyn是當(dāng)

之無愧的，我們斯坦福的所有人都為她感到驕傲，以至于稱她為自己人?？芍狢arolyn

的發(fā)現(xiàn)幫助世界各地的科學(xué)家對生命系統(tǒng)中的化學(xué)反應(yīng)有了更深入的了解，為治療疾病提

供了新的診斷和治療方法，所以從MarcTessier-Lavigne的話中我們可以推出Carolyn的發(fā)

現(xiàn)意義重大。故選D項。

27.【B】推理判斷題。文章第一段“At1:43a.m.October5,2022,StanfordchemistCarolynR.

BertozziwasawakenedbyaphonecallfromaNobelcommitteerepresentativewhotoldher,

“Youhave50minutestocollectyourselfandwaituntilyourlifechanges?'Instructednotto

sharetheannouncementoutsideofhertightestinnercircle,thefirstpersonBertozzicalledwas

herfather,aretiredphysicsprofessorfromMIT.（凌晨1點(diǎn)43分。2022年10月5日，斯坦福

大學(xué)化學(xué)家CarolynR.Bertozzi被諾貝爾委員會代表的電話吵醒，電話告訴她：“你有50

分鐘的時間整理自己，等待你的生活發(fā)生改變?！悹柾衅澅桓嬷灰蛩钣H密的小圈

子以外的人透露這一消息，于是打電話給的第一個人是她的父親，一位麻省理工學(xué)院的退

休物理學(xué)教授。）”總的概括全文內(nèi)容，文章二、三段主要介紹的是Carolyn的化學(xué)成就以

及其受教育的情況，文章最后兩段主要介紹Carolyn發(fā)現(xiàn)的重大意義以及具體應(yīng)用，由此

可見，文章主要介紹了Carolyn獲得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎這一事件的始末及其后續(xù)影響，因此為

新聞報道。故選B項。

C

Nuclearbombs.That'sthego-toanswerforincomingspaceobjectslikeasteroids(小彳亍星)

andcomets,asfarasHollywoodisconcerned.MovieslikeDeepImpactandArmageddonrelyon

nuclearweapons,deliveredbystarslikeBruceWillis,tosavetheworldanddeliverthedrama.

Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality,ifastronomersspottedadangerousincoming

spacerock,thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmoresubtle,likesimplypushingitoff

coursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft.

ThafsjustwhatNASAdidonMondayevening,whenaspacecraftheadedstraightintoan

asteroidcalledDimorphous,whichisaround7millionmilesawayandposesnothreattoEarth.

It'sabout525feetacrossandorbitsanotherlargerasteroid.

Inimagesstreamedastheimpactneared,theegg-shapedasteroidgrewinsizefromalittle

spotonscreentohaveitsfullrockysurfacecomequicklyintofocusbeforethesignalwentdead

asthecrafthitrightontarget.

Eventshappenedexactlyasengineershadplanned,theysaid,withnothinggoingwrong."As

faraswecantell,ourfirstplanetarydefensetestwasasuccess,“saidElenaAdams,themission

systemsengineer,whoaddedthatscientistslookedonwith“bothterrorandjoy“asthespacecraft

neareditsfinaldestination.

TheimpactwasthepeakofNASA'sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(DART),a7-yearand

morethan$300millioneffortwhichlaunchedaspacevehicleinNovemberof2021toperform

humanity'sfirstevertestofplanetarydefensetechnology.Itwillbeabouttwomonths,scientists

said,beforetheywillbeabletodetermineiftheimpactwasenoughtodrivetheasteroidslightly

offcourse,probablyshorteningitsoriginalorbit.

NASAplanstolaunchanasteroid-huntingspacetelescopenamedNEOSurveyorin2026.

“We'vetackedlotsofspacerocks,especiallythelargeronesthatcouldcauseextinction-level

events.Thankfully,nonecurrentlythreatenEarth.ButmanyasteroidsthesizeofDimorphous

haven'tyetbeendiscovered,andthosecouldpotentiallytakeoutacityiftheycamecrashing

down."explainsLindleyJohnson,NASA'sPlanetaryDefenseOfficer.

28.Howdidscientistsknowthecrafthittheasteroidsuccessfully?

A.Thesignalfromthecraftwaslostasithitthetarget.

B.Theyrecordedthewholeprocesswithatelescope.

C.Thelittlespotonthescreensuddenlydisappeared.

D.Theymonitoredthecraftwithsatellitesinspace.

29.Whatisthepurposeoflaunchingthespacecraft?

A.Tosearchforevidenceofalienlife.B.Toendtheasteroid\threattoEarth.

C.Tosavetheworldanddeliveradrama.D.TotesttechnologyfordefendingEarth.

30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDimorphous?

A.Itisadangerousincomingspacerock.B.Itisanegg-shapedasteroidaroundEarth.

C.Itmayorbitthesameasteroidafterthehit.D.Itisexpectedtoblowupaftertheimpact.

31.WhichstatementwillLindleyJohnsonprobablyagreewith?

A.Asteroidsareequallydestructivewhateverthesize.

B.NEOSurveyorisaimedtotracksmallerasteroids.

C.LargerasteroidswillnolongerthreatenEarth.

D.NASAisresponsibleforthesafetyofEarth.

【參考答案】

28.A29.D30.C31.B

【語篇解讀】

本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹了美國國家航空和宇宙航行局（NASA）的行星防御專家

實施的行星防御測試（planetarydefensetest）：如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了危險的太空巖石，最安全解決措

施其實很微妙，就是利用其與小型航天器與撞擊，使它偏離軌道。

【詳情解析】

28.[A]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Inimagesstreamedastheimpactneared,theegg-shaped

asteroidgrewinsizefromalittlespotonscreentohaveitsfullrockysurfacecomequicklyinto

focusbeforethesignalwentdeadasthecrafthitrightontarget.''（在撞擊臨近時流傳的圖像

中，這顆蛋形小行星從屏幕上的一個小點(diǎn)變大，在信號消失之前，它的整個巖石表面迅速

成為焦點(diǎn)，因為飛船正好擊中目標(biāo)。）可知，當(dāng)飛行器成功擊中目標(biāo)后，K行器的信號消

失了。故選A。

29.[D]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“TheimpactwasthepeakofNASA'sDoubleAsteroid

RedirectionTest（DART）,a7-yearandmorethan$300millioneffortwhichlaunchedaspace

vehicleinNovemberof2021toperformhumanity'sfirstevertestofplanetarydefense

technology.M（這次撞擊是美國宇航局雙小行星重定向測試（DART）的最關(guān)鍵測試。這個

于2021年11月發(fā)射航天器的測試將歷時7年、耗資超過3億美元，其目的就是進(jìn)行人類

第一次行星防御技術(shù)測試。）可知，這次發(fā)射航天器的目的就是進(jìn)行人類第一次行星防御

技術(shù)測試。故選D。

30.[C]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality,ifastronomers

spottedadangerousincomingspacerock,thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmore

subtle,likesimplypushingitoffcoursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft."（但.行星防御專

家說，在現(xiàn)實中，如果天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個即將來臨的危險的太空巖石，最安全和最好的

解決辦法可能是一些更巧妙的東西，如簡單地推動它偏離軌道與一個小航天器撞擊。）和

第四段"That'sjustwhatNASAdidonMondayevening,whenaspacecraftheadedstraightinto

anasteroidcalledDimorphous,whichisaround7millionmilesawayandposesnothreatto

Earth.It'sabout525feetacrossandorbitsanotherlargerasteroid."（這正是美國國家航空和宇

宙航行局（NASA）周一晚上所做的，當(dāng)時一艘航天器徑直撞向一顆名為迪莫弗斯

（Dimorphous）的小行星，該小行星距地球約700萬英里，對地球不構(gòu)成任何威脅。直徑約

525英尺,圍繞另一顆較大的小行星運(yùn)行。）和第五段的“Asfaraswecantell,ourfirst

planetarydefensetestwasasuccess（據(jù)我們所知，我們的第一次行星防御測試是成功的）''可

知，美國國家航空和宇宙航行局（NASA）周?晚上，用一艘航天器撞向?顆名為迪莫弗斯

（Dimorphous）的小行星，這顆小行星圍繞另一顆較大的小行星運(yùn)行，這個撞擊是為了推動

它偏離軌道，撞擊是成功的，因此推斷撞擊后，它很可能回到自己的原有的軌道上，繞著

同一顆小行星運(yùn)行。故選C。

31.[B]推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"NASAplanstolaunchanasteroid?huntingspace

telescopenamedNEOSurveyorin2026”（美國宇航局計劃在2026年發(fā)射一架名為“NEO測

量者''的小行星搜尋太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡），以及LindleyJohnson說的話“We'vetackedlotsofspace

rocks,especiallythelargeronesthatcouldcauseextinction-levelevents.Thankfully,none

cunentlythreatenEarth.ButmanyasteroidsthesizeofDimorphoushaven71yetbeen

discovered,andthosecouldpotentiallytakeoutacityiftheycamecrashingdown."（“我彳門已經(jīng)

發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多太空巖石，尤其是那些可能導(dǎo)致物種滅絕事件的較大巖石。值得慶幸的是，目

前沒有一個較大巖石威脅到地球。但許多二晶形大小的小行星尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果它們墜毀，

它們可能會摧毀?座城市。''）可知，NASA之前主要研究大行星，但其實未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的小

行星才是對地球有威脅的。所以可推測出NEOSurveyor后期的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是發(fā)現(xiàn)相對比較

小的小行星。故選B。

D

Nowadays,bamboogrowthcyclesandthedietaryneedsoflemurs（狐猴）areoutofsyac.

Findingsshowrainfallsarechangingannually.Overthepasttwoyears,therehasbeena

three-monthdelayintherainyseasonandnewtendershootsthatlemursconsumefornutritionare

appearinginJanuaryandFebruary—14daysafterthefirstrainfall,saysPatriciaChappleWright,

aprimatologist,anthropologist,andconservationistatStonyBrookUniversity."Lemurseatafood

sourcethatisveryadaptive,PatriciaWrighttoldPBSNewsHour."It'sabletostandclimate

change,butthelemurs,unfortunately,can'tadaptquicklytothischangedcycle.”

SincebabylemursareborninNovember,thedelayedrainyseasonisdangerouslyaffecting

thesurvivalofthemforlackofnutritionavailableforboththemothers