名詞數(shù)詞課件高考英語二輪復(fù)習

名詞、數(shù)詞Step1SpeechStep2LearningObjectivesLearningObjectives1.Toknowtheusageofnoun.andnum.;2.Toimprovetheabilitytosolvetheproblemaboutthem.Step3Lead-in[高考感悟]arrivalinterviewswonders[高考感悟]4.（2023全國甲卷）Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe__________(six)century,B.C.5.（2023全國甲卷）However,Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty__________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.6.（2023浙江1月）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryasthecapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric__________(event).sixthwarningeventsStep4Explanation[考點一]可數(shù)名詞及單復(fù)數(shù)名詞1.不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(1)通過內(nèi)部元音變化構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如：foot—feet腳

goose—geese鵝tooth—teeth牙齒

mouse—mice老鼠man—men男人

woman—women女人(2)有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如：sheep—sheep綿羊

deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中國人

Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法

series—series系列species—species物種

crossroads—crossroads十字路口spacecraft—spacecraft航天器(3)有的名詞在詞尾加-ren或-en構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如：child—children孩子

ox—oxen公牛(4)由man，woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞在變成復(fù)數(shù)時，與man，woman的變化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen紳士

Englishman—Englishmen英國男子policeman—policemen男警察

chairwoman—chairwomen女主席businessman—businessmen商人

craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手藝人注意：German，human的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans，humans。(5)外來詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：analysis—analyses分析

basis—bases基礎(chǔ)crisis—crises危機

thesis—theses論文medium—media媒介物

phenomenon—phenomena現(xiàn)象criterion-criteria標準；準則2.復(fù)合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化(1)中間沒有連字符也沒有間隔的復(fù)合名詞將最后一個詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：birthday—birthdays生日

blackboard—blackboards黑板bookshelf—bookshelves書架

gentleman—gentlemen紳士(2)中間有連字符或間隔的復(fù)合名詞將其中主要的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：bookworm—bookworms

son-in-law—sons-in-lawlooker-on—lookers-on

passer-by—passers-by

story-teller—story-tellers(3)無主體名詞時通常在最后一個詞后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。如：grown-up—grown-ups

standby—standbys(4)“man/woman＋名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，man/woman和名詞均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。womensingers女歌手

menservants男仆人(5)常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞有thanks，congratulations，wishes，greetings，shoes，trousers，works(著作；工廠)，manners(禮貌)，instructions(指導(dǎo)；用法說明)，times(時代)等。(6)一些固定短語中的名詞只用復(fù)數(shù)形式，常見的有taketurnstodosth，inhighspirits，makefriendswith，shakehandswith，makepreparationsfor，make(both)endsmeet，takepainstodo等。1.不可數(shù)名詞不可以用數(shù)目計算，多為物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，常見的有：[考點二]不可數(shù)名詞2.抽象名詞與a(n)連用時，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為具體的動作、行為或類別。AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Itisawasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.3.有些物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示數(shù)量或種類時，可以用作可數(shù)名詞。如：somecoffee一些咖啡，acoffee一杯咖啡threecoffees三杯咖啡；somedrink一些飲料adrink一杯飲料，threedrinks三杯飲料hishair他的頭發(fā)，afewgreyhairs幾根白發(fā)glass玻璃，aglass一個玻璃杯。[考點三]專有名詞[考點四]名詞所有格3.名詞所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名詞變所有格時，若表示不同的所有關(guān)系，則分別在兩個名詞后加-’s；如果表示共有關(guān)系，則只在最后一個名詞后加-’s。如：KateandMary’sroom凱特和瑪麗共有的房間Kate’sandMary’srooms凱特和瑪麗各自的房間(2)表示店鋪或某人的家時，名詞所有格之后的shop，house，home等常省去。如：atthedoctor’s(office)在(醫(yī)生的)診所里

atthebarber’s(shop)在理發(fā)店atMrGreen’s(house)在格林先生家Step5Exercise（Part1）高考真題練1.

TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate

(population)andhomesofgiantpandas.

(2022新高考Ⅰ)2.

CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteen-

vironmental

(protect).

(2022全國甲)3.

Chinahasa

(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.

(2022全國乙)4.

Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyou

howtinywe

(human)are.

(2021新高考Ⅰ)populationsprotectionresponsibilityhumans高考真題練5.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.(2021全國甲)6.Historical

(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.

(2020新高考Ⅰ)7.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular

(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moresothanthefamiliar

nearside.

(2020全國Ⅰ)8.Filledwith

(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020全國Ⅲ)watchtowersaccuracyinterestcuriosity數(shù)詞[考點]基數(shù)詞和敘述詞1.易錯基數(shù)詞thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十

thirty三十

forty四十

fifty五十

ninety九十2.易錯序數(shù)詞first第一

second第二third第三

fourth第四

fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九

eleventh第十一twelfth第十二3.序數(shù)詞的使用(1)序數(shù)詞在句中主要作定語，一般情況下序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞。Mondayistheseconddayofaweek.(2)序數(shù)詞前有時加不定冠詞，表示“又一、再一”，相當于another。Wouldyoulikeasecondcupoftea?Ihadafourthapple.(3)有時序數(shù)詞作狀語，不加冠詞。Hecameoutfirstinthecontest.Step5Exercise（Part2）1.Petergotamodelshipfromhisuncleonhis__________(thirteen)birthday.2.Two______(three)ofthestudentsinourclasshavebeentoDisneyland.3.Linda，therearetoomanymistakesinthe_______(nine)lineofyourpassage.4.Hemadequiteafewfriendsduringhis_________(twenty).5.Itisreportedthattheearthquakehasleft__________(thousand)ofpeoplehomeless.thirteenththirdsninthtwentiesthousands對點練習1.Withouta_______(two)thought，heagreedtojointheclub.2.30%