直線定向與路線測量-附合導線測量和數(shù)據(jù)處理

：直線定向與路線測量主要工作：

選點：在現(xiàn)場選定控制點位置，建立標志。

測距：測量各導線邊（新邊）的距離。

測角：觀測導線各連接角、轉(zhuǎn)折角。掌握三步工作的方法與要求?！?2導線的測量與計算5.2.1導線測量外業(yè)（一）踏勘選點及建立標志選點時應注意下列各點：相鄰導線點之間通視良好，便于角度和距離測量；

點位選于適于安置儀器、視野廣寬和便于保存之處；點位分布均勻，便于控制整個測區(qū)，進行細部測量。（二）導線邊長測量

導線邊長一般用電磁波測距儀或全站儀觀測，同時觀測垂直角將斜距化為平距。圖根導線的邊長也可以用經(jīng)過檢定的鋼卷尺往返或兩次丈量（三）導線轉(zhuǎn)折角測量

導線的轉(zhuǎn)折角是在導線點上由相鄰兩導線邊構(gòu)成的水平角。(導線的轉(zhuǎn)折角分為左角和右角，在導線前進方向左側(cè)的水平角稱為左角，在右側(cè)的稱右角。)AB12

AB(XB,YB)

B

1DB1D12

支導線沒有多余觀測值,因此不會產(chǎn)生閉合差,從而無須進行任何改正。

由于支導線沒有多余觀測值,因此沒有檢核條件，無法檢驗觀測值的差錯，施測與計算時必須十分小心。已知數(shù)據(jù)：

AB,XB,YB或XA,YA,XB,YBA、B為已知邊，點1、2為新建支導線點。觀測數(shù)據(jù)：轉(zhuǎn)折角

B,

1；邊長DB1，D12。5.2.2支導線數(shù)據(jù)計算支導線的計算步驟(1)推算各邊方向角

前=

后+(左)-180(2)計算各邊坐標增量X=Dcos

Y=Dsin

(3)推算各點坐標X前=X后+XY前=Y后+YAB12

AB(XB,YB)

B

1DB1D12準備工作支導線的計算步驟例已知xa=664.20m,ya=213.30m,xb=864.22m,yb=413.35m;AB12

AB(XB,YB)

1

2D1D2準備工作測得β1=212°00‘10",D1=297.26m,β2=162°15'30",D2=187.82m；求1、2、點的坐標支導線的計算步驟例已知xa=664.20m,ya=213.30m,xb=864.22m,yb=413.35m;AB12

AB(XB,YB)

1

2D1D2準備工作測得β1=212°00‘10",D1=297.26m,β2=162°15'30",D2=187.82m；求1、2、點的坐標(1).推算各邊方向角

前=

后+(左)-180°支導線的計算步驟(1)推算各邊方向角

前=

后+(左)-180(2)計算各邊坐標增量X=Dcos

Y=Dsin

(3)推算各點坐標X前=X后+XY前=Y后+YAB12

AB(XB,YB)

B

1DB1D12準備工作支導線的計算步驟例已知xa=664.20m,ya=213.30m,xb=864.22m,yb=413.35m;AB12

AB(XB,YB)

1

2D1D2測得β1=212°00‘10",D1=297.26m,β2=162°15'30",D2=187.82m；求1、2、點的坐標(2)計算各邊坐標增量X=Dcos

Y=Dsin

支導線的計算步驟(1)推算各邊方向角

前=

后+(左)-180(2)計算各邊坐標增量X=Dcos

Y=Dsin

(3)推算各點坐標X前=X后+XY前=Y后+YAB12

AB(XB,YB)

B

1DB1D12準備工作支導線的計算步驟例已知xa=664.200m,ya=213.300m,xb=864.220m,yb=413.350m;AB12

AB(XB,YB)

1

2D1D2測得β1=212°00‘10",D1=297.26m,β2=162°15'30",D2=187.82m；求1、2、點的坐標(3)推算各點坐標X前=X后+XY前=Y后+YAB12345

B

0

1

2

3

4

5DB1D12D23D34D45D51

(XB,YB)閉合導線圖已知數(shù)據(jù)：

AB，XB，YBA、B為已知點，1、2、3、4、5為新建導線點。觀測數(shù)據(jù)：連接角

B；

導線轉(zhuǎn)折角

0，

1，

5；

導線各邊長DB1，D12，……，D51。5.2.3閉合導線數(shù)據(jù)計算1、角度閉合差計算和調(diào)整若已知數(shù)據(jù)：

A1，XA，YA導線轉(zhuǎn)折角A，1，4；邊長DA1，D12，……，D4A。測量點號轉(zhuǎn)折角

(右)

?′″改正后轉(zhuǎn)折角

?′″方向角

?′″邊長

D(米)

坐標增量(米)XY改正后增量(米)XY坐標(米)XY點號A1234A19703001051706101462412330061122224+12+12+12+12+12484318

485.47

+0.09

-0.085395900

理=540?00′00″f

=

測-

理=-60″f

容=±60″5=±134″540000097031210517181014636123301811222361234A536.27536.27328.74328.74A閉合導線坐標計算（一）閉合導線計算2、坐標方位角計算2、坐標方位角計算（一）閉合導線計算檢核點號轉(zhuǎn)折角

(右)

?′″改正后轉(zhuǎn)折角

?′″方向角

?′″邊長

D(米)

坐標增量(米)XY改正后增量(米)XY坐標(米)XY點號A1234A19703001051706101462412330061122224+12+12+12+12+12484318

131400620622482843612341055448431854000009703121051718101463612330181122236115.10100.09108.3294.3867.58612.18545.62448.56472.34415.26490.05441.94350.621234A536.27536.27328.74328.74A閉合導線坐標計算5395900

理=540?00′00″f

=

測-

理=-60″f

容=±60″5=±134″（一）閉合導線計算3、坐標增量及閉合差計算2

12x23y12

2313y23x123.1坐標增量計算D1D2（一）閉合導線計算3、坐標增量及閉合差計算3.1坐標增量計算點號轉(zhuǎn)折角

(右)

?′″改正后轉(zhuǎn)折角

?′″方向角

?′″邊長

D(米)

坐標增量(米)XY改正后增量(米)XY坐標(米)XY點號A1234A19703001051706101462412330061122224+12+12+12+12+12484318

131400620622482843612341055448431854000009703121051718101463612330181122236115.10100.09108.3294.3867.58+75.93-66.54-97.04+23.80+63.94+86.50+74.77-48.13-91.33-21.891234A536.27536.27328.74328.74A閉合導線坐標計算5395900

理=540?00′00″f

=

測-

理=-60″f

容=±60″5=±134″（一）閉合導線計算3.2坐標增量閉合差計算檢核改正圖根導線3、坐標增量及閉合差計算T=

=<fD1400012000點號轉(zhuǎn)折角

(右)

?′″改正后轉(zhuǎn)折角

?′″方向角

?′″邊長

D(米)

坐標增量(米)XY改正后增量(米)XY坐標(米)XY點號A1234A19703001051706101462412330061122224+12+12+12+12+12484318

1314006206224828436123410554484318485.47

+0.09

-0.0854000009703121051718101463612330181122236115.10100.09108.3294.3867.58+75.93-66.54-97.04+23.80+63.94+86.50+74.77-48.13-91.33-21.89-2-2-2-2-1-2-2-2-1-1612.18545.62448.56472.34415.26490.05441.94350.621234A536.27536.27328.74328.74A閉合導線坐標計算5395900

理=540?00′00″f

=

測-

理=-60″f

容=±60″5=±134″fx=+0.09fy=-0.08f=

fx

+fy=0.12022（一）閉合導線計算檢核3.3改正后坐標增量3、坐標增量及閉合差計算（一）閉合導線計算4、坐標計算檢核T=

=<fD1400012000點號轉(zhuǎn)折角

(右)

?′″改正后轉(zhuǎn)折角

?′″方向角

?′″邊長

D(米)

坐標增量(米)XY改正后增量(米)XY坐標(米)XY點號A1234A19703001051706101462412330061122224+12+12+12+12+12484318

1314006206224828436123410554484318485.47

+0.09

-0.08fx=+0.09fy=-0.08f=

fx

+fy=0.1202254000009703121051718101463612330181122236115.10100.09108.3294.3867.58+75.93-66.54-97.04+23.80+63.94+86.50+74.77-48.13-91.33-21.89-2-2-2-2-1-2-2-2-1-1612.18545.62448.56472.34415.26490.05441.94350.621234A536.27536.27328.74328.74A閉合導線坐標計算+75.91-66.56-97.06+23.78+63.93+86.52+74.79-48.11-91.32-21.88005395900

理=540?00′00″f

=

測-

理=-60″f

容=±60″5=±134″124.08164.10208.5394.18147.44AB567CD

AB

CDXB=1230.88YB=673.45XC=1845.69YC=1039.9843171241600180133617822301934400181130020454301803248

B

1

2

3

4

C8繪制計算草圖,在表內(nèi)填寫已知數(shù)據(jù)和觀測數(shù)據(jù)(3.1)雙定向附合導線的計算5.2.4附合導線數(shù)據(jù)計算點號轉(zhuǎn)折角

(右)

?′″改正后轉(zhuǎn)折角

?′″方向角

?′″邊長

D(米)

坐標增量(米)XY改正后增量(米)XY坐標(米)XY點號AB5678CD180133617822301934400181130020454301803248124.08164.10208.5394.18147.44B5678C1230.88673.451845.691039.9843171241600附合導線坐標計算（三）附合導線計算1、角度閉合差計算和調(diào)整(3.1)雙定向附合導線的計算（三）附合導線計算1、角度閉合差計算和調(diào)整(3.1)雙定向附合導線的計算（三）附合導線計算1、角度閉合差計算和調(diào)整（三）附合導線計算1、角度閉合差計算和調(diào)整右角左角其它同閉合導線點號轉(zhuǎn)折角

(右)

?′″改正后轉(zhuǎn)折角

?′″方向角

?′″邊長

D(米)

坐標增量(米)XY改正后增量(米)XY坐標(米)XY點號AB5678CD180133617822301934400181130020454301803248124.08164.10208.5394.18147.44B5678C1230.88673.451845.691039.98+8+8+8+8+8+8180134417822381934408181130820454381803256111901124317124160043032844405030564229433444856附合導線坐標計算11190024

理=1119?01′12″f

=

測-

理=-48″f

容==±147″（三）附合導線計算同閉合導線2、坐標方位角計算3、坐標增量計算同閉合導線（三）附合導線計算4、坐標計算同閉合導線點號轉(zhuǎn)折角

(右)

?′″改正后轉(zhuǎn)折角

?′″方向角

?′″邊長

D(米)

坐標增量(米)XY改正后增量(米)XY坐標(米)XY點號AB5678CD180133617822301934400181130020454301803248124.08164.10208.5394.18147.44B5678C1230.88673.451845.691039.98+8+8+8+8+8+8180134417822381934408181130820454381803256111901124317124160043032844405030564229433444856+90.66+116.68+178.85+81.79+146.92+84.71+115.39+46.70+107.23+12.38738.33+614.90+366.41+614.81+366.53T=

=<fD1490012000-2-2-2-1-2+2+3+3+2+2+12-9+90.64+116.66+178.83+81.78+146.90+84.73+115.42+107.26+46.72+12.40+614.81+366.531321.521438.181617.011698.79758.18873.60980.861027.58附合導線坐標計算11190024

理=1119?01′12″f

=

測-

理=-48″f

容=

=±147″fx=+0.09fy=-0.12f=

fx

+fy=0.15022124.08164.10208.5394.18147.44(三)附合導線的計算AB567C

ABXB=1230.88YB=673.45XC=1845.69YC=1039.9843171218013361782230193440018113002045430

B

1

2

3

48由于無

終,所以無角度閉合差。其他同雙定向附合導線的計算(3.2)單定向附合導線的計算(2)各邊方向角的推算；(4)推算各點坐標。(1)角度閉合差的計算與調(diào)整；滿足圖形條件：精度要求：(3)坐標增量閉合差的計算與調(diào)整；滿足縱橫坐標條件：精度要求：124.08164.10208.5394.18147.44AB567CD

AB

CDXB=1230.88YB=673.45XC=1845.69YC=1039.9843171241600180133617822301934400181130020454301803248

B

1

2

3

4

C8點號轉(zhuǎn)折角

(右)

?′″改正后轉(zhuǎn)折角

?′″方向角

?′″邊長

D(米)

坐標增量(米)XY改正后增量(米)XY坐標(米)XY點號AB5678C18013361782230193440018113002045430124.08164.10208.5394.18147.44B5678C1230.88673.451845.691039.9843171243033644410630570629440644936+90.66+116.67+178.84+81.78+146.92+84.72+115.40+46.71+107.25+12.41738.33+614.87+366.49+614.81+366.53T=

=<fD11000012000-1-1-2-1-1+1+1+1+0+1+4-6+90.65+116.66+178.82+81.77+146.91+84.73+115.41+107.26+46.71+12.42+614.81+366.531321.531438.191617.011698.78758.18873.59980.851027.56附合導線坐標計算fx=+0.06fy=-0.04f=

fx

+fy=0.07222點號轉(zhuǎn)折角

(右)

?′″改正后轉(zhuǎn)折角

?′″方向角

?′″邊長

D(米)

坐標增量(米)XY改正后增量(米)XY坐標(米)XY點號AB5678CD180133617822301934400181130020454301803248124.08164.10208.5394.18147.44B5678C1230.88673.451845.691039.98+8+8+8+8+8+8180134417822381934408181130820454381803256111901124317124160043032844405030564229433444856+90.66+116.68+178.85+81.79+146.92+84.71+115.39+46.70+107.23+12.38738.33+614.90+366.41+614.81+366.53T=

=<fD1490012000-2-2-2-1-2+2+3+3+2+2+12-9+90.64+116.66+178.83+81.78+146.90+84.73+115.42+107.26+46.72+12.40+614.81+366.531321.521438.181617.011698.79758.18873.60980.861027.58附合導線坐標計算11190024

理=1119?01′12″f

=

測-

理=-48″f

容=

=±147″fx=+0.09fy=-0.12f=

fx

+fy=0.15022124.08164.10208.5394.18147.44(三)附合導線的計算B567CXB=1230.88YB=673.45XC=1845.69YC=1039.981782230193440018113002045430

1

2

3

48由于無

始，缺少起算數(shù)據(jù)。首先假定

始（例

B1′

=0或

B1′

=90等等）由于無

終,所以無角度閉合差。用假定

始按支導線計算至C坐標(3.3)無定向附合導線的計算(三)附合導線的計算B567CXC=1845.69YC=1039.98

1

2

3

48由于無

始，缺少起算數(shù)據(jù)。首先假定

始（例

B1′

=0或

B1′

=90等等）由于無

終,所以無角度閉合差。用假定

始按支導線計算至C坐標