2 第二部分 第一講　理解文中具體信息-細節(jié)理解題-2020版江蘇省高考英語大二輪復習語法基礎

第二部分題型應對策略|精通四種題型解題技巧，有的放矢多拿分第一講理解文中具體信息——細節(jié)理解題[學生用書P67]細節(jié)理解題是高考英語閱讀理解中非常重要的一種題型。細節(jié)理解題題干針對原文的具體敘述進行提問，主要考查考生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細節(jié)、文章的主要事實或文中個別詞句的理解能力，一般包括查找信息題、數(shù)字計算題等。高考江蘇卷細節(jié)理解題題量統(tǒng)計考綱解讀年份個數(shù)(1)文章細節(jié)對于理解全文內(nèi)容來說至關(guān)重要，同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎。(2)命題人員會要求考生根據(jù)不同的要求閱讀文章，以獲得某些特定的信息或準確地尋求所需的細節(jié)。(3)這類試題有時比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時則較為間接，需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。2019920187201710[學生用書P67]【考查特點】Ⅰ.把握細節(jié)理解題常見的命題方式：(1)特殊疑問句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。(2)填空題形式：通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實和細節(jié)。(3)就文中數(shù)字、排序等提問。Ⅱ.掌握細節(jié)細解題的考查角度：(1)高頻考點：直接信息題；綜合細節(jié)題。(2)低頻考點：數(shù)字計算題；正誤判斷題；細節(jié)排序題。eq\a\vs4\al([考向1])直接細節(jié)題——精準定位判細節(jié)直接細節(jié)題即事實認定類細節(jié)題，該題型在原文中可直接找到答案，不要求考生對事實做出解釋或者判斷，只需要從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息(有時需要跨段落查找細節(jié)信息)。正確選項和原文在表述上沒有太大的變化。常見的設問方式：◆Whichactivitywillyouchooseif...?◆Whatwillyou/thestudentsdoonTuesday/ontheCapitalCityBikeTour?◆WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?◆WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?◆Atwhichplacecanpeopleofdifferentagesenjoyagoodlaugh?◆WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames?[典例](2019·全國卷Ⅰ·A片段)JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合條件)forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15－18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社區(qū))．SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3，000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15－29,returningtoschoolinthefall.21．WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A．Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B．Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C．Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D．Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Summer_Company第二步根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句Summer_Company_provides_students_with_hands-on_business_training_and_awards_of_up_to_$3，000_to_start_and_run_their_own_summer_businesses.第三步比對選項確定答案Summer_Company的特別之處在于_“它為經(jīng)營新業(yè)務提供獎勵”。自主解答：Beq\a\vs4\al()第一步看題目，從題干中提取關(guān)鍵信息。第二步采取速讀技巧快速定位原文信息，仔細比對選項和文中細節(jié)，進而確定答案。eq\a\vs4\al([考向2])綜合細節(jié)題——推理歸納定選項綜合細節(jié)題要求考生在原文中找到有關(guān)的信息，但同時需要將選項信息與原文句子進行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，例如使用同義詞、近義詞或反義詞表達相同的意思，這需要考生綜合考慮，把握出題人的考查意圖。常見的設問方式：◆Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?◆Whywas...asuccess?◆Howdoesthewriterrecommend...toreaders?[典例](2019·全國卷Ⅱ·C片段)“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow？”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.29．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞prefer_to_go_out，lunch第二步根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句用prefer_to_go_out和lunch尋讀，可以定位在第三段，在第三段找到I_just_wanted_some_time_to_myself.第三步比對選項確定答案根據(jù)信息句可知，Bechtel更喜歡出去吃午飯的原因是想擁有自己的時間。自主解答：Ceq\a\vs4\al()第一步看題目，從題干中提取關(guān)鍵信息。第二步采取速讀技巧尋找原文信息，將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，將確定的文章信息進行加工處理，進行進一步的辨別，進而確定答案。eq\a\vs4\al([考向3])數(shù)字計算題——“加減乘除”巧破解數(shù)字計算題要求考生在原文中找到相關(guān)的數(shù)字信息，再對相關(guān)的數(shù)字和信息進行分析和理解，利用加、減、乘、除等運算方法進行計算，確定答案。常見的設問方式：◆Howmuchshouldacouplewithakidpayavisit...?◆Howlongdoes...last?◆Howmuchmaytheypay...?[典例](2018·全國卷Ⅰ·C片段)Atpresent,theworldhasabout6，800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1，000;Africa2，400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3，200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6，000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6，000peopleatpresent?A．About6，800. B．About3，400.C．About2，400. D．About1，200.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞less_than_6，000_people_at_present第二步根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句At_present,_the_world_has_about_6，800_languages.及The_median_number(中位數(shù))_of_speakers_is_a_mere_6，000，which_means_that_half_the_world’s_languages_are_spoken_by_fewer_people_than_that._第三步整合推算運用數(shù)學公式計算由原文信息句可知，目前全球不同語言使用人數(shù)的中位數(shù)僅是6_000，這就意味著世界上有一半語言的使用人數(shù)不到6_000；結(jié)合At_present，the_world_has_about_6，800_languages.可知，目前大約3_400種語言的使用人數(shù)不到6_000。自主解答：Beq\a\vs4\al()第一步仔細分析題干，抓牢關(guān)鍵信息。第二步從文章中找出包含該信息的段落，運用數(shù)學公式計算。對于離散的數(shù)字計算題，需要先找到與之相關(guān)的事實或數(shù)據(jù)，然后再進行分析整合。[學生用書P69](2019·江蘇卷·A)Whateveryourageorinterests,Buxtonhassomethingtoseeordotomakeyourvisittrulymemorable.High_energyIfyoudesirephysicalactivities,youcanchooseactivitiesfromswimmingtohorseriding.ExploretheheightswithGoApe,thehighwireforestadventurecourse,orjourneybeneaththeearthatPoole’sCavern.Anddon’tforget:wearesurroundedbyanaturalplaygroundjustperfectforwalking,caving,climbingandcycling.High_mindedBuxtonisjustifiablyproudofitsculturallifeandyou’llfindmuchtosuitalltasteswithart,music,operaandtheperformingartsatBuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentreandGreenManGallery.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved,includingworkshopsandevents.Keeping_the_kids_happyChildrenlovethesmalltrainandplaygroundsinthePavilionGardensandthere’splentymoretoexploreattheBuxtonMuseum.There’sanewindoorplaycentre,plusthespecialeventsandworkshops,andothersduringschoolholidayperiods.【解題導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了巴克斯頓(Buxton)令人難忘的景點及活動。56．Ifyouwanttotakeanundergroundjourney,whichplaceisthebestchoice?A．Poole’sCavern.B．PavilionGardens.C．BuxtonMuseum.D．GreenManGallery.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)High_energy部分中的“ExploretheheightswithGoApe,thehighwireforestadventurecourse,orjourneybeneaththeearthatPoole’sCavern.”可知，如果你想進行地下之旅，可選擇Poole’sCavern。57．BuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentreisspecialbecauseitoffers________.A．ridesinsmalltrainsB．coursesinmodernartsC．a(chǎn)rtisticandculturalactivitiesD．basiccoursesinhorseridingC解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)High_minded部分中的“Buxtonisjustifiablyproudofitsculturallifeandyou’llfindmuchtosuitalltastes...Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved”可知，BuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentre很特別的原因是它提供多種文化藝術(shù)活動。eq\a\vs4\al()“兩關(guān)注”“一防范”巧解細節(jié)理解題1．兩關(guān)注：關(guān)注正確選項的特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語言(詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu))改頭換面，來表達相同的意思；二是對文章信息的綜合理解推斷歸納。2．一防范：防范干擾選項的逼真性，稍有不慎就會落入命題人設置的陷阱中。在做間接信息題時，要根據(jù)所找信息，分析選項，對比其中所用詞匯，避免誤選答案。必要時要對原文信息進行歸納，然后比對選項，進而選出正確答案。[學生用書P69]A(2019·蘇北三市高三質(zhì)量檢測)GreatAmericanSongContestContestRules&Entry：Thisannualeventisdesignedforamateurandsemi-pro(半職業(yè))songwritersonly.Songwriterswhoearnover$10，000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties(版稅)donothavequalifications.Amateurandsemi-prosongwritersfromallnationsoftheworldareinvitedtoparticipateintheGreatAmericanSongContest.Songlyrics(歌詞)maybeinanylanguage.PleaseincludeanEnglishtranslation.Allparticipantswillbesentanentryconfirmationandajudgingschedulewhentheirsongsarereceivedandprocessed.Thisyear’sdeadlineisMarch5.Onlinesubmissionsmustbereceivedbythisdate.Mailedsubmissionsmustbepostmarked(蓋郵戳)bythisdate.Anentryfeeof$30isrequiredforeachenteredsong.Afterthefirsttwoentries,theentryfeedropsto$25foreachadditionalsong.Ifthesamesongisenteredinmultiplecategories,eachrequiresaseparateentryfee.Prizes&Benefits：GrandPrizeWinnerreceives$1，000incash;eachFirstPrizeWinnerreceives$500incash.Inaddition,allwinnersreceiveafreemembershiptoTAXIIndependentA&RCompany—$300value!Unlikethosehighlycompetitive“bigcashprize”contests,whichreceive20，000to30，000entrieseachyearbutrewardonlyafew,theGreatAmericanSongContestoffersaclearbenefittoeveryonewhoenters.Songwriterscangettheirsongsheardandgetfeedbackfromknowledgeablemusic-industryprofessionals.That’sbecausetheGreatAmericanSongContestoffersthisopportunityanduniqueguarantee:Allparticipatingsongwritersreceivewrittenopinionsontheirsongsfromexperiencedmusic-industryprofessionals!【解題導語】本文是一則廣告。文章主要介紹GreatAmericanSongContest的規(guī)則、參賽費用和獎勵。1．Whatcanweknowfromthecontestrules?A．SonglyricsmustbewritteninEnglishonly.B．Notallsongwriterscantakepartinthecontest.C．Allsubmissionsmustbereceivedbythedeadline.D．Notallparticipantswillreceiveajudgingschedule.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thisannualeventisdesignedforamateurandsemi-pro(半職業(yè))songwritersonly.Songwriterswhoearnover$10，000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties(版稅)donothavequalifications.”可知，只有業(yè)余和半職業(yè)歌曲作者可以參賽，即并非所有歌曲作者都能參賽。故正確答案為B。2．Howmuchshouldasongwriterpayforhisthreeentries?A．$75. B．$80.C．$85. D．$90.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ContestRules&Entry部分倒數(shù)第二段“Anentryfeeof$30isrequiredforeachenteredsong.Afterthefirsttwoentries,theentryfeedropsto$25foreachadditionalsong.”可知，三首參賽歌曲需付(30×2＋25＝)85美元。故正確答案為C。[長難句分析]Songwriterswhoearnover$10，000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties(版稅)donothavequalifications.(ContestRules&Entry部分第一段第二句)分析：本句是一個主從復合句。who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞Songwriters。譯文：每年從歌曲出版版稅中賺取一萬美元以上的歌曲作者沒有參賽資格。B(2019·蘇州學業(yè)質(zhì)量陽光指標調(diào)研)Scientistshaverecreateda1985studyofbirdsinPeruthatshowsclimatechangeispushingthemfromtheirnaturalenvironment.Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.In2017,researcherslookedagainatthebirdpopulations.Theyfoundthatalmostallhadmovedtohigherplacesinthemountain.Almostallhaddecreasedinsize.And,thescientistssayatleasteightbirdgroupsthatstartedatthehigherelevations(高地)haddiedoutcompletely.Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.Orchangestofoodsourcesmayhaveforcedthemtogohigher.Thefindingswerepublishedinasciencejournal.The1985researchhasdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevationinreactiontowarmingtemperatures.MarkUrban,abiologistatauniversity,saidthisrecentstudywasthefirsttoprovethatrisingtemperaturesandmovingtoavoidthemcanleadtoextinction.In2016,Fitzpatrick,directorandaco-writerofthestudypassedhisnotes,photosandotherrecordstoBenjaminFreeman.Freemanhasbeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.HesetoutinAugustandSeptemberof2017tocopyFitzpatrick’sstudy.Histeamusedthesamemethods,searchingthesameplacesinthesametimeofyear.Freeman’steamwantedtoseehowthingshadchangedforthebirdgroupssince1985.Theaveragetemperaturesonthemountainhadrisen0.42degreesCelsius.Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.Freemansaidthatthebirdsmovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.Hebelievesthattemperatureisthemaincauseofthebirds’movement.Fitzpatricknotedthatbirdsusedtolivinginareaswithlittletemperaturechangemaybeespeciallyatriskbecauseofclimatechange.Hesaid,“Weshouldexpectthatwhat’shappeningonthismountaintopishappeningmoregenerallyintheAndes,andothertropicalmountainranges.”【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，溫度上升會讓鳥類向海拔更高的地方遷徙，而這會導致鳥類的滅絕。3．HowmanykindsofbirdslivedinPeru30yearsago?A．Atleasteightbirdgroups.B．Morethan400.C．Overeightbirdgroups.D．Lessthan400.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.”可知，在三十年前，有400多種鳥類生活在秘魯。故正確答案為B。4．Whydidthebirdsmoveupthemountain?A．Toavoidtemperaturechanges.B．Tofindmorefoodsources.C．Toadapttoextremetemperature.D．Toreacttotheincreaseofotherkindsofanimals.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.”可知，它們是為了避開溫度的變化。故正確答案為A。5．HowdidFreemanandhisteamrecordthesoundofbirdsnoteasilybeingseen?A．Theyhadthetemperaturerise0.42degreesCelsius.B．Theymovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.C．Theyplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountain.D．Theykeptonlisteningtothesoundhappeningonthismountaintop.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.”可知，他們是通過在山上放置20個錄音設備來記錄那些不容易被看見的鳥類的聲音的。故正確答案為C。6．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Twoteamsusedthesamemethodstodoresearches.B．Scientistsdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevation.C．Scientistshavebeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.D．RisingtemperaturecausessomebirdsinPerutobecomeextinct.D解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究成果，即溫度上升會讓鳥類向海拔更高的地方遷徙，而這會導致鳥類的滅絕。D項體現(xiàn)了這項研究的結(jié)果，概括了本文的主要內(nèi)容。故正確答案為D。[長難句分析]MarkUrban,abiologistatauniversity,saidthisrecentstudywasthefirsttoprovethatrisingtemperaturesandmovingtoavoidthemcanleadtoextinction.(第二段最后一句)分析：本句是一個復合句。abiologistatauniversity是MarkUrban的同位語；thisrecentstudywas...是省略了that的賓語從句，作said的賓語；risingtemperatures...canleadto...是that引導的賓語從句，作prove的賓語。譯文：MarkUrban，一所大學的生物學家，說最近這項研究首次證明，氣溫上升和為避免高溫而進行的遷徙可能會導致物種的滅絕。細節(jié)理解題[學生用書P143(單獨成冊)](建議用時：25分鐘)A(2019·鹽城高三二模)BornintheStateofNewYorkonMay14th,1984,MarkZuckerbergwasaninstantsuccess.Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.ItearnedhimadmissiontoHarvardUniversity.Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheuniversity—aninstantlycontroversialwebsitethatencouragedstudentstorateeachotherbasedonappearance.Thesitewascontroversialforseveralreasons.Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.Thesecondwasitscontroversialnature—noteverystudentlikesbeingrankedbasedontheirappearance.Thethirdwasitshugeresourceuse—whileitwashostedonHarvardservers,itwasthemostpopularpageintheuniversity’sentirenetwork.Zuckerbergwassoonforcedtoshutthesitedown,butitspopularityandcontroversyhadmadehimconsideritsfuturepotential.HesoonturnedthesimplesiteintoapersonaloneforHarvardstudents,encouragingthemtonetworkwiththeirpeersatthecollege.Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“TheFacebook”，whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfrequently,nevertheless,Zuckerberghasremainedtruetohisinitialvision—tocreateawebsitethattheentireworldcanusetocommunicateopenlyandeasilywithoneanotherandtokeeptheuserexperiencecleanandpure.Theendresultisoneoftheworld’sbiggestonlinebusinesses.Althoughitstruevalueisdebatable,it’ssafetosaythatFacebook,anditscreatorMarkZuckerberg,aretwoofthetwenty-firstcentury’smostinfluential,controversial,andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了Facebook網(wǎng)站的創(chuàng)始人Zuckerberg創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)站的過程以及他努力克服所遇困難的故事。1．WhatcanweknowaboutMarkZuckerbergwhenhewasastudent?A．Hewasoftenpraisedbyteachersforthewebsitehecreated.B．Hehadgoodacademicperformance.C．HealonecreatedawebsitecalledFacebook.D．Heencouragedstudentstosetupbusinesslikehim.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.”可知，MarkZuckerberg在學生時期就有良好的學業(yè)表現(xiàn)。故B項正確。2.WhydidZuckerbergshutthesitedown?A．Becausehiswebsitewasnotpopular.B．Becausehewasdoubtedforthewayheusedphotographs.C．Becauseheneededtimetoreconsiderhischoice.D．BecausehestoleresourceonHarvardserver.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.”可知，他關(guān)閉該網(wǎng)站的第一個因素就是照片的非法使用。故B項正確。[長難句分析]Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“TheFacebook”，whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.(第四段第三句)分析：本句是一個主從復合句。Itwas...that構(gòu)成強調(diào)句；which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“TheFacebook”；第二個that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞apublicservice。譯文：就在那時，他和兩個朋友一起推出了“TheFacebook”。Facebook迅速傳播到其他大學并發(fā)展成為一項公共服務。在美國，任何人都可以使用這一服務，無論是用來與朋友和家人聯(lián)系，還是玩游戲。BWhileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,there’salwaystheriskthatyou’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.ButthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepastthankstoJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnology.Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidity(濕度)andlightsensors(傳感器)tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder.Theforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions,suchasrain,withinaperiodoftime,suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttothelocalweatherconditions.Inparticular,itmaycloseoneormorewindows,orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarlywindowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的)glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.Althoughit’sunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon,suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincethere’snohumandriverpresent,thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassengers,basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了捷豹路虎最新的技術(shù)——天氣預報系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)使用了一整套氣壓、濕度和光線傳感器，幫助車輛預測大氣狀況的變化并加以適應。3．HowwillJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnologybenefitdrivers?A．Vehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves.B．Vehiclescanfindpositionsandroutesthemselves.C．Vehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations.D．Vehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidity(濕度)andlightsensors(傳感器)tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.”可知，捷豹路虎的最新技術(shù)可以讓車輛像可移動的天氣預報站一樣，幫助車輛預測天氣狀況的變化并加以適應，從而造福于駕駛員。故選C。4．Whatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology?A．Itcanhelpadjustthetemperature.B．Itcanstillbeclearinrainydays.C．Itistoostrongtobreakintopieces.D．Itscolourcanchangewiththesunshine.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Similarlywindowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的)glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.”可知，采用新技術(shù)的汽車玻璃的顏色會隨著陽光而改變。故選D。5．Whatcanweknowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromthetext?A．Itisintelligentenoughtostopraining.B．Itmakesthedrivermorecomfortable.C．Itcan’tpredicttheweatheraccurately.D．Itmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.”可知，天氣預報系統(tǒng)會使無人駕駛汽車在惡劣天氣下更安全。故選D。6．Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A．Abookreview. B．Asciencereport.C．Asciencefiction. D．Atravelbrochure.B解析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了捷豹路虎最新的技術(shù)，因此本文最可能出自科學報道。故選B。[長難句分析]Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,there’salwaystheriskthatyou’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.(第一段第一句)分析：本句是一個主從復合句。while引導讓步狀語從句；you’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain是同位語從句，說明risk的內(nèi)容。譯文：雖然天氣預報員可以做出相當準確的預測，但你還會有在雨中開車時會淋雨的風險。C(2019·江蘇名校高三摸底)TheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferencetakesplacenextweekinPoland.About20，000peoplefrom190countriesareexpectedtotakepartintheconference.There,worldleaderswilldebatehowtolimitclimatechange—theweathereventslinkedtoslowlyrisingtemperaturesonEarth.Theywilldiscusswaystoreducecarbonemissions(排放物)andotherpollutionwhich,scientistssay,cangiverisetolong-termchangestoourplanet.Forenvironmentalists,oneareaofconcernisSouthAmerica’sAmazonrainforest.Brazilholdsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest.ItisalsothemostbiodiversecountryonEarth,withmorethan56，000speciesofplants,1，700speciesofbirds,695amphibians,578mammals,and651reptiles.StudieshaveshownthattheAmazontakesinasmuchas2billiontonsofcarbondioxideayearandreleasesabout20percentofEarth’soxygen.ScientistswonderwhethertherainforestwillbeprotectedunderBrazil’snextpresident,JairBolsonaro,whowilltakeofficeonJanuary1,2019.Bolsonarohassaidthathiscountryshouldwithdrawfromthe2015ParisAgreement.Undertheagreement,mostnationspromisedtoreducecarbonemissionsby37percentover2005levelsbytheyear2030.Thepresident-electclaimsamandate(授權(quán))fromvoterstodeveloplandforagricultureandotherpurposes.HesaidthatBrazil’srainforestprotectionisstandinginthewayofeconomicsuccess.Scientistssaydeforestationisamajorreasonforclimatechange.Studieshavelinkedrisingtemperaturestothedestructionofforests.ScientistsworryaboutthefutureoftheAmazon.NewBraziliangovernmentrecordsshowthespeedofdeforestationhasincreasedoverthepastyear.CarlosNobre,aclimatescientistattheUniversityofS?oPaulo,toldtheAssociatedPressthatitisalmostimpossibletosayjusthowimportanttherainforestistotheplanet’slivingsystems.SomescientistscalltheAmazon“thelungsoftheplanet”.Theylikenittohumanlungs.Eachtreetakesinandstorescarbondioxidefromtheairaroundit.Thetreesalsoreleasetheoxygenweneedtolive.TheAmazon,theworld’slargestrainforest,alsocreatesweather.Billionsoftreespullupwaterthroughtheirroots.Thenthetreesreleasewatervaporintotheair.Thevaporformsathickmist,madeupoftinydropsofwater.Thesewaterparticlesmoveupintothecloudsandlaterreturntoearthasrain.ScientistsestimatethattheAmazoncreates30to50percentofitsownrainfall.Duringtheelectioncampaign,BolsonaropromisedtoeaseprotectionforareasoftheBrazilianAmazonsetasidefornativepeoplesandwildlife.Hesaidtheindigenouslandsandnaturereservesrestricteconomicgrowth.“Allthesereservescauseproblemsfordevelopment，”hesaid.Thepresident-electalsotalkedabouttakingawaythepowerofBrazil’senvironmentalministrytoenforcelawsforprotectingtheenvironment.PauloArtaxoisaprofessorofenvironmentalphysicsattheUniversityofS?oPaulo.HesaidthatifBolsonarokeepshiscampaignpromises,then“deforestationoftheAmazonwillprobablyincreasequickly—andtheeffectswillbefelteverywhereontheplanet”．However,senator-electLuizCarlosHeinze,notedthatfarmersarenotinvaders(侵略者),butproducers.Heblamedthepastadministrationsforsupportingnativerightsattheexpenseoffarmers.“Brazil，”hesaid,“willbethebiggestfarmingnationonEarthduringBolsonaro’syears.”ScientistswarnthatiftheAmazonandotherrainforestslosetoomanytrees,thiscouldaffectrainfallandglobalclimate.Nobreandothersestimatethatthe“tipping”point(引爆點)fortheAmazonsystemis20to25percentdeforestation.Withoutenoughtreestosupporttherainfall,thelongerandbiggerdryseasoncouldturnmorethanhalfoftherainforestintoatropicalgrassland.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。眾所周知，亞馬孫熱帶雨林對整個地球的生態(tài)有著舉足輕重的作用。其中，約60%的部分位于巴西。而2019年上任的巴西總統(tǒng)Bolsonaro承諾為了發(fā)展本國經(jīng)濟將允許農(nóng)民砍伐更多的熱帶雨林樹木，對此很多人感到憂心忡忡。7．WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheAmazonrainforest?A．Itishometomorethan56，000speciesofplants.B．Itmakesupabout60%ofBrazil’srainforests.C．Itcrea