湖北省云學(xué)新高考聯(lián)盟學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年高二年級(jí)上冊(cè)10月聯(lián)考英語試題

2023年云學(xué)新高考聯(lián)盟學(xué)校高二年級(jí)10月聯(lián)考

英語試卷

考試時(shí)間：2023年10月18日上午08:00-10:00

時(shí)長：120分鐘滿分：150分

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)

涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅

讀一遍。

1.HowwillFrankgototheamusementpark?

A.Bysubway.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.

2.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeel?

A.Full.B.Thirsty.C.Hungry.

3.Whatmadethewomanfeelsorry?

A.Shemadetheshelfdirty.B.Shebrokethemodelplane.C.Sheforgottobuyagift.

4.Wherewillthewomangonext?

A.Theplayground.B.Theshoppingmall.C.Therestaurant.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.AactorB.Amovie.C.Arace.

第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白.每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,

每小題5秒鐘：聽完后各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.RepairmanandcustomerB.Workmates.C.Neighbors.

7.Whatwillthewomandonext?

A.Updatetheputer.B.Savethefiles.C.Goforlunch.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Athome.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inalibrary.

9.WhydoesPeterrefusetotakeabreak?

A.Hehasn'tfinishedhishomework.B.Hehastoprepareforadebate.C.Hewantstoreadsomebooks.

10.WhatdoesPeterthinkofcollectingtheinformation?

A.Timeconsuming.B.Difficult.C.Enjoyable.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whohasarrivedattheman'shouse?

A.Mina.B.Lily.C.George.

12.Whathappenedtothewoman?

A.Shesetoutlate.B.Shemissedherstop.C.Shegotthewrongdirection.

13.Whatdoesthemandecidetodo?

A.Putofftheparty.B.Pickthewomanup.C.Checkthebusroute.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。

14.WhendidMackpletehisjourney?

A.InJanuary.B.InMarch.C.InAugust.

15.WhoinspiredMacktoflyaroundtheworld?

A.Hisfather.B.Hismother.C.Hissister

16.WhatdifficultydidMackmeetinDubai?

A.ItwastoohotB.Thefuelranout.C.Thereweresandstorms.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.HowmanydaysdoestheIntoFilmFestivallast?

A.18.B.19.C.25.

18.WhatisIntoFilm?

A.Afilmpany.B.Acinema.C.Acharity.

19.WhatdoesthefilmAsteroidHuntersfocuson?

A.Adventure.B.History.C.Superpower.

20.Whichfilmisaboutmunityandtogetherness?

A.RoaldDahlsMatildatheMusical.B.LuOvertheWall.C.HocusPocus.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Firsttimer9sguidetoMickey'sNotSoScaryHalloweenParty

There5selectricityintheairduringMickey'sNotSoScaryHalloweenParty,differentfromothertimesofthe

yearatWaltDisneyWorld.GuestsmayenterMagicKingdomasearlyas4p.m.,buttheeventitselfonlylastsfive

hours,from7p.m.untilmidnight.Here'showtomakethemostofit.

1.Setpriorities

Youcan'tdoeverythingatthepartyinfivehours,butyoucanacplisheverythingonyourwishlistifyouset

prioritiesandplanahead.

2.Eatearly

Severalrestaurantsclosewhentheparkclosestodaytimeguests,likePinocchioVillageHausandColumbia

HarborHouse.Itisadvisedtodineearlyinthat4to6p.m.windowbeforetheparty.Anotheroptionistoskip

dinnerandsimplysnackthroughoutthenight.Therearelotsofeventexclusive（獨(dú)有的）treatstotry.Justknowthat

linescanbelongandmobileorderingisunavailableduringtheparty.

3.ActfastforTRON

TRONLightCycle,whichisthenewestattraction,isavailableonlythroughavirtualqueue.Thequeueopens

at6p.m.Toincreaseyouroddsofgettingaspot,haveeverythingreadyinthefreeMyDisneyExperienceappby

5:59p.m.Then,keepclickingtherefreshbuttonsoyoucanjointhequeuethemomentitopens.

4.Shopstrategically

Partyexclusivesouvenirsareextremelypopularandcansellout.ItalwaysdrawsacrowdatMainStreet,

U.S.A.9sEmporium,buttwootherlocationssellpartysouvenirswithoutthemasses:StarTradersinTomorrowland

andFrontierTradingPostinFrontierland.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbedoneonline?

A.Buyingasouveniratadiscount.B.Orderingtheeventexclusivetreats.

C.GettingaspotforTronLightCycle.D.Findingaviewingspotforthefireworks.

2.Ifyouwanttobuyasouvenirrelatedtotheparty,youcangoto.

A.FrontierTradingPostB.PinocchioVillageHaus

C.ColumbiaHarborHouseD.MyDisneyExperienceapp

3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Amagazine.B.Abiography.

C.Atraveljournal.D.Aresearchreport.

【答案】l.C2.A3.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文向游客介紹了如何在迪士尼的萬圣節(jié)派對(duì)中玩的開心。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ActfastforTRON中的“Toincreaseyouroddsofgettingaspot,haveeverythingreadyinthe

freeMyDisneyExperienceappby5:59p.m.Then,keepclickingtherefreshbuttonsoyoucanjointhequeuethe

momentitopens.（為了增加占據(jù)一個(gè)位置的幾率，請(qǐng)?jiān)谙挛?點(diǎn)59分之前在免費(fèi)的“我的迪士尼體驗(yàn)”應(yīng)

用程序中準(zhǔn)備好一切。然后，繼續(xù)單擊刷新按鈕，以便在隊(duì)列打開時(shí)加入隊(duì)列）”可知，創(chuàng)極速光輪可以通

過“我的迪士尼體驗(yàn)”這個(gè)程序在線排隊(duì)。故選C。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Shopstrategically中的"ItalwaysdrawsacrowdatMainStreet,U.S.A.'sEmporium,buttwo

otherlocationssellpartysouvenirswithoutthemasses:StarTradersinTomorrowlandandFrontierTradingPostin

Frontierland.（在美國的商業(yè)街，它總是吸引著一大群人，但另外兩家賣派對(duì)紀(jì)念品的地方卻沒有這么多人：

明日世界的StarTraders和邊境世界的FrontierTradingPost）”可知，要想買到與萬圣節(jié)派對(duì)相關(guān)的紀(jì)念品，

可以至UFrontierTradingPosto故選A。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其結(jié)合第一段中的^GuestsmayenterMagicKingdomasearlyas4p.m.,butthe

eventitselfonlylastsfivehours,from7p.m.untilmidnight.Here'showtomakethemostofit.（游客可以在下午

4點(diǎn)進(jìn)入魔法王國，但活動(dòng)本身只持續(xù)5個(gè)小時(shí)，從晚上7點(diǎn)到午夜。以下是如何充分利用它的方法）”可

知，這篇文章是雜志娛樂版塊的內(nèi)容，給想要在萬圣節(jié)去迪士尼參加活動(dòng)的人們一些建議，讓大家可以在

有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)玩得更盡興。因此，文章很可能出自一本雜志。故選A。

B

In1984,Iwasapainfullyinsecureteenagegirlfromadysfunctionalfamily,depressed,underweight,and

rejectedbymyclassmates.Myonlyfortwastobethestagemanageratourschool.

Oneday,actorsfromthefamousOregonShakespeareFestivalcametoperformfortheschool.Oneofthem

wasBarryKraft,andhewasunlikeanyoneI'devermet.AsIranaroundbackstagehelpinghim,hetreatedmewith

friendlinessandrespectthathewouldshowforfriendsinhislivingroom.

Heshowedupatourdramaclassandaskedeveryonetonarrateamonologue（獨(dú)白）.Tomyshock,hetookme

asideafterclassandsaid,“Yourmonologuewasthebest.Thatwasreallyverygood.,,

Imadeitthroughgraduationandgotacceptedtocollege.Thatsummer,ItraveledwithafriendtoseeMr.

Kraftperform.Duringoneperformance,Igatheredupmycourageanddroppedhimanoteduringthebreak,saying

Iwasvisitingandifhelookedhecouldseeus.AlmostimmediatelyIregrettedsendingthenote.Ithoughtitwas

themostpresumptuous（留失的）thingIhadeverdone.

Attheendoftheshow,hewaswaitingforme!Hesmiledbroadlyandgavemeahug.Thenhesaid,“Would

youliketovisitbackstage?^^Andoffwewent.Everytimewemetsomeone,heintroducedmeandsaid,"She'sa

verygoodperformerwhowasahugehelptomeatherschoolvisit.”

Itisdifficulttodescribehowimportantthisman'sattentionwastome.Asuccessfulactordoesn'thavetogive

adepressedteenagerthetimeofday,buthedidfarmore.Myconfidencehadjustincreased800percent.Iamnow

ahappilymarriedprofessional,andwheneverInoticeateenagerinneed,IrememberBarryKraft.Hesawa

teenagerinneedofattentionandsupport,andhetookthetimetohelp.SonowItakethetime,too.

4.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?

A.Shewaslovedbyherparents.B.Shefeltleftoutbyherclassmates.

C.Shesufferedterriblyfromstagefright.D.Shewastroubledbytheissueofoverweight.

5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBarryKraft?

A.Friendlyandconsiderate.B.Intelligentandpatient.

C.mittedandgenerous.D.Confidentandenergetic.

6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theauthorwillcontinuewithhereducation.

B.BarryKraftwillteamupwiththeauthor.

C.BarryKraftinspiredtheauthortostudydrama.

D.Theauthorwillmakeeffortstoassistteenagers.

7.Whafsthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tointroduceafamousactor.

B.Toencouragepeopletooveredifficulties.

C.Tosharetheauthor'sexperienceanditsimpactonher.

D.Toexplainthereasonwhytheauthorlovesstagemanagement.

【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記述文。講述了作者在青少年時(shí)期的自卑和孤獨(dú)感，但通過遇到著名演員BarryKraft的

關(guān)注和支持，作者的自信心得到提升，并最終走上了成功的道路。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1984,1wasapainfullyinsecureteenagegirlfromadysfunctionalfamily,depressed,

underweight,andrejectedbymyclassmates.（1984年，我還是一個(gè)痛苦的沒有安全感的少女，來自一個(gè)不正常

的家庭，情緒低落，體重過輕，被同學(xué)們排斥。）”可知，作者感到被同學(xué)排斥，因此她感到被孤立。故選

Bo

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段uOneofthemwasBarryKraft,andhewasunlikeanyonerdevermet.AsIranaround

backstagehelpinghim,hetreatedmewithfriendlinessandrespectthathewouldshowforfriendsinhisliving

room.（其中一個(gè)是BarryKraft,他和我見過的任何人都不一樣。當(dāng)我在后臺(tái)跑來跑去幫助他時(shí)，他對(duì)我很友

好，很尊重，就像他在客廳里對(duì)待朋友一樣。）”和第三段uTomyshock,hetookmeasideafterclassandsaid,

“Yourmonologuewasthebest.Thatwasreallyverygood."（令我震驚的是，下課后他把我叫到一邊說:“你的獨(dú)

白是最棒的。這真的非常好」）”可知BarryKraft對(duì)作者友好和尊重，并對(duì)她的表演給予肯定。這表明Barry

Kraft是友好且體貼的人。故選A。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Myconfidencehadjustincreased800percent.Iamnowahappilymarried

professional,andwheneverInoticeateenagerinneed,IrememberBarryKraft.Hesawateenagerinneedof

attentionandsupport,andhetookthetimetohelp.SonowItakethetime,too.（我的信心增力口T800%。我現(xiàn)在是

一名幸福的已婚專業(yè)人士，每當(dāng)我注意到有需要的青少年時(shí)，我就會(huì)想起B(yǎng)arryKraft。他看到了一個(gè)需要關(guān)

注和支持的青少年，他花時(shí)間去幫助他。所以現(xiàn)在我也會(huì)花時(shí)間。）”可知BarryKraft對(duì)作者的關(guān)注和支持

影響了她，所以推斷作者也會(huì)致力于幫助青少年。故選D。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章通過分享作者的經(jīng)歷和描述BarryKraft對(duì)她的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)了他給予作者

關(guān)注和支持的重要性。故可以根據(jù)文章整體內(nèi)容推斷出，文章的目的是分享作者的經(jīng)歷和經(jīng)歷對(duì)她的影響。

故選C。

C

Inwhatisbelievedtobeaworldfirst,UniversityofSouthAustraliaresearchershavedesignedaselfsufficient

solardrivensystemthatevaporates（蒸發(fā)）seawaterandrecyclesitintofreshwater,growingcropswithoutany

humanintervention.Itcouldhelpaddressglobalfoodshortagesinthedecadesahead,withtheworld'spopulation

expectedtoreach10billionby2050.

ProfessorHaolanXuandDrGaryOwensfromUniSA'sFutureIndustriesInstitutehavedevelopedthevertical

（垂直的）floatingseafarmwhichconsistsoftwoparts:anupperlayerroomsimilartoaglasshouseandalower

waterharvestroom.

“Inthiscase,cleanwaterissuppliedbyalineofsolarevaporatorsthatabsorbtheseawater,trapthesaltsinthe

evaporatorbodyand,underthesun'srays,releasecleanwatervapour(a)intotheairwhichisthenconcentratedon

waterbeltsandtransportedtotheupperplantgrowthpart."DrOwenssaid.

Thesystem,whichispoweredonlybysolarlight,hasseveraladvantagesoverothersolarseafarmdesigns

currentlybeingtrialled,accordingtoProfessorXu."Otherdesignshavebuildevaporatorsinsidethegrowthroom

whichtakesupvaluablespacethatcouldotherwisebeusedforplantgrowth.Also,thesesystemsareverylikelyto

sufferfromoverheatingandcropdeath,“ProfessorXusays.

“Inourdesign,theverticaldistribution(分布)ofevaporatorandgrowthroomdecreasesthedevice'soverall

footprint,maximizingtheareaforfoodproduction.Itisfullyautomatic,lowcost,andextremelyeasytooperate,

usingonlysolarenergyandseawatertoproducecleanwaterandgrowcrops.^^

DrOwenssaystheirdesignisonlyproofbfconceptatthisstage,butthenextstepistoscaleitupusingasmall

lineofindividualdevicestoincreaseplantproduction.Meetinglargerfoodsupplyneedswillmeanincreasingboth

thesizeandnumberofdevices.

8.Whatcantheverticalfloatingseafarmsystemdo?

AAddresstheproblemofseapollution.

B.Dealwiththeproblemoffoodshortage.

C.Raiseawarenessaboutglobalfoodsafety.

D.Assistfishermenwithintelligentfishingtechniques.

9.Whatdoesparagraph3focuson?

A.Themakeupofthesystem.B.Thedistinctadvantagesofthesystem.

C.Theworkingprincipleofthesystem.D.Theapplicationprospectsofthesystem.

10.paredtoothersolarseafarmdesigns,theverticalseafarm.

A.ismoredifficulttomaintainB.makesthemostofthespace

C.reliesonwindpowerforoperationD.islikelytobeaffectedbycroploss

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“scaleitup"mean?

A.Expand.B.Reduce.C.Revise.D.Promote.

【答案】8.B9.C10.BII.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。這篇文章介紹了一種自給自足的太陽能驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，通過蒸發(fā)海水并將其循環(huán)

利用為淡水，實(shí)現(xiàn)無人介入的農(nóng)作物種植。這種系統(tǒng)有助于解決未來幾十年全球糧食短缺的問題。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Itcouldhelpaddressglobalfoodshortagesinthedecadesahead,withtheworld's

populationexpectedtoreach10billionby2050.（它可以幫助解決未來幾十年的全球糧食短缺問題，到2050年

世界人口預(yù)計(jì)將達(dá)到100億）”可知，垂直浮動(dòng)海洋農(nóng)場(chǎng)可以在未來幾十年內(nèi)解決全球糧食短缺問題。故選

Bo

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“"Inthiscase,cleanwaterissuppliedbyalineofsolarevaporatorsthatabsorbthe

seawater,trapthesaltsintheevaporatorbodyand,underthesun'srays,releasecleanwatervapour（a）intotheair

whichisthenconcentratedonwaterbeltsandtransportedtotheupperplantgrowthpart."DrOwenssaid.（“在這

種情況下，清潔的水由一系列太陽能蒸發(fā)器提供，這些蒸發(fā)器吸收海水，將鹽捕獲在蒸發(fā)器體內(nèi)，并在太

陽光線下將清潔的水蒸氣釋放到空氣中，然后將其集中在水帶上并輸送到上部植物生長部分。”歐文斯博

士說。）”可知，本段主要講的是系統(tǒng)的工作原理，即使用太陽能蒸發(fā)器來處理海水并產(chǎn)生清潔水蒸氣，然

后通過水帶進(jìn)行集中，并輸送到植物的上部生長部分。因此，選項(xiàng)C項(xiàng)：Theworkingprincipleofthe

system（系統(tǒng)的工作原理）最符合。故選C。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Otherdesignshavebuildevaporatorsinsidethegrowthroomwhichtakesupvaluable

spacethatcouldotherwisebeusedforplantgrowth.Also,thesesystemsareverylikelytosufferfromoverheating

andcropdeath（其他的設(shè)計(jì)是在生長室內(nèi)建造蒸發(fā)器，這占用了原本可以用于植物生長的寶貴空間。此外，

這些系統(tǒng)很可能遭受過熱和作物死亡）”可知，與其他太陽能海洋農(nóng)場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)相比，垂直海洋農(nóng)場(chǎng)更好地利用

了空間。故選B。

【11題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線處后句“usingasmalllineofindividualdevicestoincreaseplantproduction.Meeting

largerfoodsupplyneedswillmeanincreasingboththesizeandnumberofdevices.（使用單個(gè)設(shè)備的小生產(chǎn)線來

增加工廠產(chǎn)量。滿足更大的食品供應(yīng)需求將意味著增加設(shè)備的尺寸和數(shù)量）”可知，該設(shè)計(jì)目前僅是概念驗(yàn)

證階段，下一步是將其擴(kuò)大規(guī)模，使用一條小型的設(shè)備線提高植物產(chǎn)量。滿足更大的食品供應(yīng)需求意味著

需要增加設(shè)備的大小和數(shù)量。所以，“scaleitup”的意思是擴(kuò)大。因此，故選A。

D

Ifyouareapsychologyenthusiast,youhaveprobablyheardofthefamousmarshmallow（I帛花糖）test.Inthis

task,kidsaregivenasingletreat,suchasamarshmallow,andaretoldthattheycaneatthatmarshmallownow,or

theycanwaitalittlewhile,andhavetwomarshmallowsinstead.Somekidscatthemarshmallowimmediately,but

mosttrytheirbesttowaitfortheexperimentertoebackwithtwomarshmallows.

Waittimesinthemarshmallowtestcametobeseenasindicatorsofselfcontrol.Butwhatifthebehaviorinthe

marshmallowtesthasmoretodowithculturalnorms(準(zhǔn)貝U)thanselfcontrol?A2022studybyYanaokatestedthe

ideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowaitforrewardsbasedonwhattheyareaccustomedtowaitingforin

theirculture.IntheUnitedStates(withsomeexceptions),thereisnowidespreadcustomofwaitinguntileveryone

isservedtoeatyourfood.However,inJapan,thereisamealtimecustomofwaitinguntileveryonehasbeenserved

beforeanyonedigsin.

Becauseofthisdifferenceinnorms,theresearchersassumedthatJapanesechildrenwouldwaitlongerinthe

marshmallowtestthantheAmericanchildren.Thisisexactlywhattheyfound.Theresearchersdidaclever

followupexperiment.TheyfoundonefieldwherechildrenintheU.S.areaccustomedtowaitinglongerthan

Japanesechildrenare:Openingpresents.IntheU.S.,giftsareusuallygivenonspecialoccasions,suchasbirthdays

andChristmas.Ontheseoccasions,childrenusuallyhavetowaitbeforetheycanopentheirpresents.InJapan,

however,giftgivinghappensmoreoften,andchildrenusuallyopenpresentsimmediately.

Giventheseculturaldifferences,YanaokaexpectedthatiftheyranthemarshmallowtestwithJapaneseand

Americankids,buttheyreplacedmarshmallowswithpackagedgifts,thenAmericankidswouldwaitlongerto

openthem.Onceagain,theirassumptionwascorrect.Whenthepotentialrewardswerepackagedgiftsinsteadof

food,Americanchildrenwaited15minutesonaverage,andJapanesechildrenwaitedaboutfourminuteson

average.

Thisisapowerfulresultbecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofcultureandhabitinshapingbehavior.Ifa

childwaitsonlyfourminutesbeforegivingupontwomarshmallowsbutthenwaitsalmostfourtimeslongerto

openagift,canwereallysaythatthatchildlacksselfcontrol?Idon'tthinkso.

12.Whatisthemainfactorthatinfluenceschildren'sbehaviorintheexperiments?

A.Selfcontrol.B.Parentalinfluence.

C.Culturalnorms.D.Rewardpreferences.

13.WhatdidthestudyfindaboutAmericanchildren?

A.Theyoftenreceivegifts.B.Theydisplayhigherselfcontrol.

C.Theyprefergiftstofoodrewards.D.Theytendtowaitlongertoopengifts.

14.HowdidYanaokaconductthefollowupexperiment?

A.Byreferringtodata.B.Bymakingaparison.

C.Byintroducingaconcept.D.Bypresentinganargument.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsYariaoka'sstudy?

A.Critical.B.Unclear.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了一個(gè)研究，該研究探討了文化對(duì)兒童行為的影響。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Butwhatifthebehaviorinthemarshmallowtesthasmoretodowithcultural

norms（準(zhǔn)貝I）thanselfcontrol?A2022studybyYanaokatestedtheideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowait

forrewardsbasedonwhattheyareaccustomedtowaitingforintheirculture.IntheUnitedStates（withsome

exceptions）,thereisnowidespreadcustomofwaitinguntileveryoneisservedtoeatyourfood.However,inJapan,

thereisamealtimecustomofwaitinguntileveryonehasbeenservedbeforeanyonedigsin.（但是，如果棉花糖測(cè)

試中的行為更多地與文化規(guī)范有關(guān)，而不是自我控制呢?Yanaoka在2022年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究測(cè)試了這樣一種

觀點(diǎn)，即兒童可能會(huì)根據(jù)他們?cè)谧约旱奈幕辛?xí)慣等待的時(shí)間來決定等待獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的時(shí)間。在美國（除了一些例

外），沒有普遍的習(xí)慣是等到每個(gè)人都上桌了再吃你的食物。然而，在日本，有一個(gè)用餐時(shí)間的習(xí)俗，那就

是等到所有人都被端上來后再開始吃。）"Yanaoka的研究表明文化準(zhǔn)則是影響孩子行為的主要因素。故選

Co

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Giventheseculturaldifferences,Yanaokaexpectedthatiftheyranthe

marshmallowtestwithJapaneseandAmericankids,buttheyreplacedmarshmallowswithpackagedgifts,then

Americankidswouldwaitlongertoopenthem.Onceagain,theirassumptionwascorrect.Whenthepotential

rewardswerepackagedgiftsinsteadoffood,Americanchildrenwaited15minutesonaverage,andJapanese

childrenwaitedaboutfourminutesonaverage.（考慮到這些文化差異，Yanaoka預(yù)計(jì)，如果他們對(duì)日本和美國

的孩子進(jìn)行棉花糖測(cè)試，但他們用包裝好的禮物代替棉花糖，那么美國孩子會(huì)等更長的時(shí)間才打開棉花糖。

再一次，他們的假設(shè)是正確的。當(dāng)潛在的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是包裝好的禮物而不是食物時(shí)，美國孩子平均等待15分鐘，

日本孩子平均等待4分鐘。）”可知美國兒童傾向于等更長的時(shí)間來打開禮物，故選D。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中提到的Yanaoka通過比較美國和日本孩子在棉花糖實(shí)驗(yàn)和禮物實(shí)驗(yàn)中的等待時(shí)間，

來進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明他們的假設(shè)。因此Yanaoka通過比較進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的，故選B。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Thisisapowerfulresultbecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofcultureandhabit

inshapingbehavior.Ifachildwaitsonlyfourminutesbeforegivingupontwomarshmallowsbutthenwaitsalmost

fourtimeslongertoopenagift,canwereallysaythatthatchildlacksselfcontrol?Idon'tthinkso.（這是——個(gè)強(qiáng)有

力的結(jié)果，因?yàn)樗C明了文化和習(xí)慣在塑造行為方面的重要性。如果一個(gè)孩子在放棄兩塊棉花糖前只等了

四分鐘，但在打開禮物時(shí)卻等了幾乎四倍的時(shí)間，我們真的能說這個(gè)孩子缺乏自制力嗎?我不這么想。）”可

知作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)研究強(qiáng)有力地證明了文化和習(xí)慣對(duì)行為的塑造的重要性，并質(zhì)疑了是否可以單純地將孩子

的行為歸因于缺乏自控能力。因此，可以說作者對(duì)Yanaoka的研究持贊同態(tài)度。故選D。

第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

Doyouwanttolearnthematerialyou'restudyinglike,reallylearnit?16Onelearningtheorysuggests

thatifyouoverleam,you'llgaintheabilitytodosomethingwithouthavingtothinkaboutit-andeventually

obtainmoreknowledge.Here'swhatoverlearningisandhowtodoit.

Whatisoverlearning?

Simplyput,overlearningmeansstudyingsomethingevenonceyou'resureyouknowit.Don'tstopreviewing

orstudyingjustbecauseyousucceededinmemorizingsomething.17

Thepurposeofoverlearningistomakethetaskeasytoensureitispletedtoahighstandardwithnostress.For

example,astudentwantstopasstheirspellingtestwhichhas10words.Knowingaboutoverlearning,shedoesn't

justmemorizeeachword,butalsolearnsabouttheoriginsofeachword.18Similarly,ateacherwantingto

learnaboutteachingstrategiesmightnotsimplyreadonebooktheymayreadtenbooks,watchvideos,attend

lectures（andmaybeevenwritetheirownbook）.

Howdoyouoverlearn?

19Forinstance,whenusingtheLeitnermethod,alwaysreviewalltheflashcardsyou9reassignedona

particularday,evenifyoufeellikepassingoverthembecauseyougotthemrightlasttime.Repeatedlygoingover

materialyouknowwellisthekeytooverlearningandeventualautomaticrecall.

Scheduleblocksoftimeinyourweekforreviewingmaterialsyou'vealreadymastered.20Continually

reintroducingfamiliarideastoyourselfwilldigthemdeeperintoyourlongtermmemory.

A.Overlearninghasseveralbenefits.

B.Thenwhatyouneedtodoisoverleamit.

CReviewmaterialyoualreadyknowfronttoback.

D.Thistakestime,butitmakesthespellingtestawalkinthepark.

E.Insteadkeepgoing,diggingitdeeperanddeeperintoyourbrain.

F.Inreallife,wesometimeswanttolearnmorethanonesimilartask.

G.Thiscanbeaseasyas.rereadingyournotes,orasplexastakingpracticetests.

【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.C20.G

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。主要介紹了過度學(xué)習(xí)overlearning的概念和方法。

【詳解】1.上一句提出問題“Doyouwanttolearnthematerialyou'restudying—like,reallylearnit?''（你想

學(xué)習(xí)你正在學(xué)習(xí)的材料嗎？比如，真正地學(xué)習(xí)它？），空應(yīng)該是對(duì)這個(gè)問題的回答，并引出文章話題

overlearning,B項(xiàng)“那你需要做的就是過度學(xué)習(xí)?！狈稀９蔬xB。

2.前一句Don'tstopreviewingorstudyingjustbecauseyousucceededinmemorizingsomething."（不要因?yàn)?/p>

你成功地記住了某些東西就停止復(fù)習(xí)或?qū)W習(xí)）指出，不要因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)記得某些東西就停止復(fù)習(xí)，后面緊接著

應(yīng)該是要怎么做。選項(xiàng)E“相反，繼續(xù)深入挖掘你的大腦?！备嬖V我們要繼續(xù)復(fù)習(xí)，將其深入腦中。其中it

就指代前一句的something,故選E。

3.上一句"Knowingaboutoverlearning,shedoesn'tjustmemorizeeachword,butalsolearnsabouttheoriginsof

eachword."（了解過度學(xué)習(xí)，她不僅能記住每個(gè)單詞，還能了解每個(gè)單詞的起源）指出要了解過度學(xué)習(xí)，

下文“Similarly,ateacherwantingtolearnaboutteachingstrategiesmightnotsimplyreadonebooktheymayread

tenbooks,watchvideos,attendlectures（andmaybeevenwritetheirownbook）.”（同樣的，一個(gè)想要學(xué)習(xí)教學(xué)

策略的老師可能不僅僅是讀一本書一一他們可能會(huì)讀十本書，看視頻，聽講座（甚至可能寫自己的書）。）舉

例子說明了解過度學(xué)習(xí)就像老師學(xué)習(xí)教學(xué)策略一樣，花很多時(shí)間，選項(xiàng)D“這需要時(shí)間，但它使拼寫測(cè)試

在公園散步時(shí)就做了?！狈?，其中的this指代前一句的做法很費(fèi)時(shí)間，同時(shí)spellingtest為詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故

選D。

4.根據(jù)文章“Howdoyouoverlearn?"（你如何過度學(xué)習(xí)？）下面兩段可知，文章就如何過度學(xué)習(xí)給出了兩

種建議。段首句應(yīng)為祈使句。選項(xiàng)C“從頭到尾復(fù)習(xí)你已經(jīng)知道的材料。”和后面的具體事例"Forinstance,

whenusingtheLeitnermethod,alwaysreviewalltheflashcardsyou'reassignedonaparticularday,evenifyou

feellikepassingoverthembecauseyougotthemrightlasttime.Repeatedlygoingovermaterialyouknowwellis

thekeytooverlearningandeventualautomaticrecall."（例如，當(dāng)使用Leitner方法時(shí)，總是回顧你在某一天

分配給你的所有抽認(rèn)卡，即使你覺得因?yàn)槟闵洗巫鰧?duì)了而想要忽略它們。反復(fù)閱讀你熟悉的材料是過度學(xué)

習(xí)和最終自動(dòng)回憶的關(guān)鍵。）相匹配，即在復(fù)習(xí)閃卡時(shí)，不要跳過已經(jīng)會(huì)的，而是要從頭到尾都復(fù)習(xí)一遍。

故選C。

5.前——句"Scheduleblocksoftimeinyourweekforreviewingmaterialsyou'vealreadymastered.（在你的一

周中安排一些時(shí)間來復(fù)習(xí)你已經(jīng)掌握的材料。）說要計(jì)劃用成塊的時(shí)間來復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)，空處承接上文，對(duì)此進(jìn)

行說明，介紹該如何做，G項(xiàng)“這可以像重讀筆記一樣簡單，也可以像參加模擬考試一樣復(fù)雜。”符合。

故選G。

第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Atage37,1wasdiagnosed(診斷)withParkinson'sDisease.Thediagnosis21usquitehard.

Thatsummer,mywifediscoveredanannualcharitybicycleride,theSeattletoPortland(STP)ride,a200mile

ridefromSeattle,toPortland.OneofthecharitiestheSTPraises22foristheNorthwestParkinson's

Foundation.Thislocalfoundation23Parkinson'sresearch.Kathrynhadneverbeenabicyclist,soIwas

surprisedwhenshe24.Theridewasnoteasy.

Herbicyclewasold,heavy,25,andhardtoride.PeoplesuggestedthatKathryn26anewer,

lighterbike,butshedidn't.

Kathrynfoundonefriendtoridewithandwentononlyafew27rides.ThenoneSaturdaymorningin

July,she28heroldbicycleandrodetoPortlandoverthenexttwodays.Thatyearsheraisedover$1000.

IwasgladKathrynwasenthusiasticabouttherideandhadbeeafundraiser,butdidn'treally29why

shetookpartuntilIheardherexplainittosomefriendsofours.Shetoldthemthattheridewasoneofthe

30thingsshehadeverdone.Shesaidshedidn'tevenlikebikeriding.Withtearsinhereyes,shesaidthat

shediditbecauseitwasoneoftheonlywaysshecouldhelptomakea(n)3]in