安徽省部分學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期春季階段性檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題

安徽省普通高中高三春季階段性檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutthesuit?A.Itssize.B.Itscolor.C.Itsstyle.2.Whatwilltheweatherbelikeintheafternoon?A.Windy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.3.Wheredidthemanhurthisfinger?A.Inthekitchen.B.Inthegarden.C.Inthepetition.4.Whathappenedtothemanlastweek?A.Hemovedhouse.B.Hewasawayonbusiness.C.Helosthisphone.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theman’ssalary.B.Theman’sperformance.C.Theman’spany.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whoisthemantryingtocall?A.TomWhite.B.DavidWhite.C.DavidSmith.7.Whatwillthemanmostprobablydonext?A.Meetafriend.B.Checkthenumber.C.Leaveamessage.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodowiththebooks?A.Donatethemtothoseinneed.B.Sellthemtootherstudents.C.Keepthemforfutureuse.9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthebooks?A.Theyarestilluseful.B.They’retooexpensive.C.They’reingoodcondition.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Howmuchisthesecondmealoptionperweek?A.￡70.B.?90.C.￡80.11.Whichoptiondoesthemanchoose?A.LuxuryMeals.B.FamilyMeals.C.MealsforTwo.12.Whenwillthemanreceivehisfirstdelivery?A.OnTuesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatistheplanforchangestothecitycentreabout?A.Tochangebusesinthecitycentre.B.Tobancarsfromthecitycentre.C.Tokeepbikesoutofthecitycentre.14.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardstheplan?A.Supportive.B.Uncertain.C.Disapproving.15.Whathappenedinthetownwhereatrialwasdone?A.Theshopsalesweredown.B.Theairqualityimproved.C.Trafficconditionsgotbetter.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkthegovernmentshoulddo?A.Improvepublictransport.B.Promotecleanenergy.C.Lowertransportfees.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisknownabouttheexploration?A.120pupilsjoinedinit.B.Itlastedforthreedays.C.ItoccurredinNovember.18.Whathappenedtotheexplorationteamonthefirstday?A.Theygottothefirstcampsitelate.B.Theycookedtheirfoodbeforedark.C.Theysetuptheirtentsbefore7pm.19.Whendidthegroupsgettotheirsecondcampsite?A.After7pm.B.Before3pm.C.Before4pm.20.Howdidpupilsfindtheirlastdayoftheexploration?A.Adventurous.B.Enjoyable.C.Tiring.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMultiCityVacationSaleRouteⅠ:Dublin&EdinburghIrelandandScotlandmaybeclose,butthetwocountriescouldn’tbemoredifferent.FromcosmopolitanDublintohistoricEdinburgh,experiencethebestoftwocapitalcitiesonthis6or8nightextravaganza(狂歡)!SeeancienttextsatTrinityCollege,climbupthehillofEdinburghCastle,andofcoursetastesomeofthebestbeerontheplanet.RouteⅡ:Lisbon,Seville&MadridThisexciting8nightadventurewillintroduceyoutothefascinatingcitiesoftheIberianPeninsula,includingseveralUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.RouteⅢ:CentralEuropeClassic:Budapest,Vienna&PragueExperiencethreeofCentralEurope’smostbeautifulcitiesonthis6nightvacation.SeethetwodifferentsidesofBudapest,andhavealookatthepalacesinVienna.RouteⅣ:Ireland&ScotlandSpend10,12or14nightstravelingacrossIrelandandScotland.Stayinfortablebed,havebreakfastsandexplorecities,thecountrysideandcoastinyourowncar.ThisCelticadventureistotallyuptoyou!ROUTESPRICE*PERPERSONDublin&Edinburgh$1,322→$1,222Lisbon,Seville&Madrid$1,378→$1,278CentralEuropeClassic:Budapest,Vienna&Prague$1,499→$1,399Ireland&Scotland$1,568→$1,468*Vacationisroundtrip,perperson,basedon2travelersfromJohnFKennedyIntl(JFK).Includesairfare&airporttaxes,hotels,carrental,departuretransfer,toursanddailybreakfast.*$100offperpersonbefore02/28/2024.1.Whichrouteallowsyoutoenjoysomeoftheworld’swellknownbeer?A.RouteⅠ. B.RouteⅡ. C.RouteⅢ. D.RouteⅣ.2.WhatmakesRouteIVdifferentfromtheothers?A.TravellingacrossIreland. B.Exploringdifferentcities.C.Adventuringinyourownvehicle. D.KnowingmoreaboutUNESCO.3.Whatdotherouteshaveinmon?A.Thetravellerscanchoosehowlongtostay.B.Thetravellerscanenjoyadiscountbeforeacertaindate.C.Thetravellersareofferedallkindsoffood.D.Thetravellershaveaccesstopletelydifferentperformances.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了多城市度假促銷的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RouteⅠ:Dublin&Edinburgh部分“SeeancienttextsatTrinityCollege,climbupthehillofEdinburghCastle,andofcoursetastesomeofthebestbeerontheplanet.(在三一學(xué)院看古代文獻(xiàn)，爬上愛丁堡城堡的小山，當(dāng)然還可以品嘗一些地球上最好的啤酒)”可知，路線一可以讓你品嘗到世界上著名的啤酒。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RouteⅢ:CentralEuropeClassic:Budapest,Vienna&Prague部分“Stayinfortablebed,havebreakfastsandexplorecities,thecountrysideandcoastinyourowncar.ThisCelticadventureistotallyuptoyou!(躺在舒適的床上，吃早餐，開著自己的車探索城市、鄉(xiāng)村和海岸。這場(chǎng)凱爾特人的冒險(xiǎn)完全取決于你！)”可知，路線四與其他路線的不同之處在與可以開著自己的車探險(xiǎn)。故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“$100offperpersonbefore02/28/2024.(2024年2月28日前每人可享受100美元的折扣)”可知，這些路線的共同之處在與旅行者可以在特定日期前享受折扣。故選B。BKellyMcKernan,a37yearoldartistfromTennessee,isknownforherstrikingpaintingsfeaturingenergeticfemalefigures.However,McKermannowfacesathreat:artificialintelligence(Al).Aboutayearago,shenoticedonlineimagesthatwereremarkablysimilartoherownwork.ShediscoveredthatsomepanieswereusingAIsystemstogeneratesimilarimagesbytrainingsoftwareprogramswithartists’originalworks.McKernanexpressedherdissatisfaction,stating,“Ididnotgivepermissionformynameorartworktobeusedinthisway.”Despitetryingtocontactthesepaniesandrequestingthattheyshouldn’tuseherworkwithoutpermission,shereceivednoresponse.InJanuary,McKernan,alongwithtwootherartistsnamedKarlaOrtizandSarahAndersen,filedalawsuitagainstthreeimagegeneratingpanies,includingStabilityAIandtheonlinegalleryDeviantArt.Theyseektoprotecttheircopyrighted(有版權(quán)的)worksandtheircareers,claimingthatAIgeneratedimagesviolate(侵犯)therightsofmillionsofartists.Theyareseekingpensation(賠償金)andacourtordertopreventAIpaniesfromusingtheirworkswithoutpermission.McKemanexpressedfinancialconcerns,highlightingthatshewasshortof$200forherrentpayment,saying,“Itdoesn’tfeelright.”StabilityAIdeclinedtomentwhenapproachedbytheAssociatedPress.Inacourtfiling,thepanyarguedthattheirprogramgeneratesnewanduniqueimagesusingsimplewordsanddoesnotviolatecopyrights.KarlaOrtiz,whoworksintheentertainmentindustryandhadherworksfeaturedinmoviessuchasGuardiansoftheGalaxyVol.3andJurassicWorld,worriesthatpaniesmayviewartistsascostly.Shequestionswhytheywouldhireartistswhentheycanpay$30permonthforAIgeneratedartwork.McKernansharestheconcern,wonderingifshewillhaveworkinthefuture,stating,“Maybeinayear,Iwon’thaveajobanymore.”ThecasewillbedecidedinSanFrancisco.Inarecentruling,afederaljudgesupportedtheU.S.CopyrightOffice’sdecision—nottogrant(承認(rèn))copyrightonAIgeneratedartwork.4.WhatisthechallengefacedbyartistMcKermanaccordingtoparagraph1?A.AIproducingworkssimilartohers.B.Decliningartmarketallovertheworld.C.Financialconcernsduringthehardtime.DDifficultyfindinginspirationforherpaintings.5.HowdidStabilityAIdefendthemselves?A.Theypromisedtomakeanapologyontheirwebsite.B.Theyclaimedthatartistswerepensatedfortheirartwork.C.Theyarguedthattheydidnotuseartists’workswithoutpermission.D.TheyadmittedusingAItogenerateimagesbutdeniedviolationofcopyright.6.WhatcanbelearntaboutAIgeneratedartworkaccordingtothefederaljudge?A.Itrepresentstheprogressinartcreation.B.Copyrightshouldnotbegrantedtoit.C.Itshouldbemonitoredbythegovernment.D.Thedecisiononitscopyrighthasn’tbeenreached.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ArtistsDisapprovetheUseofAIinArtCreationB.ArtistsPromisetopetewithAIinCreationC.ArtistsFightBackAgainstAIUsingTheirWorksD.ArtistsSayNotoAIGeneratedArtwork【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了藝術(shù)家KellyMcKernan和其他兩位藝術(shù)家針對(duì)AI公司侵犯版權(quán)的訴訟。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)AI系統(tǒng)生成的圖像與他們的作品相似，他們對(duì)此感到不滿，并尋求賠償和要求法院禁止未經(jīng)許可使用其作品。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,McKermannowfacesathreat:artificialintelligence(Al).Aboutayearago,shenoticedonlineimagesthatwereremarkablysimilartoherownwork.ShediscoveredthatsomepanieswereusingAIsystemstogeneratesimilarimagesbytrainingsoftwareprogramswithartists’originalworks.(然而，麥克爾曼現(xiàn)在面臨著一個(gè)威脅：人工智能。大約一年前，她注意到網(wǎng)上的圖片與她自己的作品非常相似。她發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些公司正在使用人工智能系統(tǒng)，通過訓(xùn)練軟件程序和藝術(shù)家的原創(chuàng)作品來生成類似的圖像)”可知，藝術(shù)家McKerman面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是人工智能制作了與她的畫作相似的作品。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“StabilityAIdeclinedtomentwhenapproachedbytheAssociatedPress.Inacourtfiling,thepanyarguedthattheirprogramgeneratesnewanduniqueimagesusingsimplewordsanddoesnotviolatecopyrights.(當(dāng)美聯(lián)社聯(lián)系StabilityAI時(shí)，該公司拒絕置評(píng)。在一份法庭文件中，該公司辯稱，他們的程序使用簡(jiǎn)單的文字生成新的、獨(dú)特的圖像，沒有侵犯版權(quán))”可知，StabilityAI承認(rèn)使用人工智能生成圖像，但否認(rèn)了侵犯版權(quán)這一說法。故選D項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Inarecentruling,afederaljudgesupportedtheU.S.CopyrightOffice’sdecision—nottogrant(承認(rèn))copyrightonAIgeneratedartwork.(在最近的一項(xiàng)裁決中，一名聯(lián)邦法官支持美國(guó)版權(quán)局的決定——不授予人工智能生成的藝術(shù)品版權(quán))”可知，聯(lián)邦法官支持美國(guó)版權(quán)局的決定，認(rèn)為人工智能生成的藝術(shù)品不應(yīng)被授予版權(quán)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“KellyMcKernan,a37yearoldartistfromTennessee,isknownforherstrikingpaintingsfeaturingenergeticfemalefigures.However,McKermannowfacesathreat:artificialintelligence(Al).Aboutayearago,shenoticedonlineimagesthatwereremarkablysimilartoherownwork.ShediscoveredthatsomepanieswereusingAIsystemstogeneratesimilarimagesbytrainingsoftwareprogramswithartists’originalworks.(來自田納西州的37歲藝術(shù)家凱利·麥克南以描繪精力充沛的女性形象的引人注目的畫作而聞名。然而，麥克爾曼現(xiàn)在面臨著一個(gè)威脅：人工智能。大約一年前，她注意到網(wǎng)上的圖片與她自己的作品非常相似。她發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些公司正在使用人工智能系統(tǒng)，通過訓(xùn)練軟件程序和藝術(shù)家的原創(chuàng)作品來生成類似的圖像)”和第三段中“InJanuary,McKernan,alongwithtwootherartistsnamedKarlaOrtizandSarahAndersen,filedalawsuitagainstthreeimagegeneratingpanies,includingStabilityAIandtheonlinegalleryDeviantArt.Theyseektoprotecttheircopyrighted(有版權(quán)的)worksandtheircareers,claimingthatAIgeneratedimagesviolate(侵犯)therightsofmillionsofartists.(今年1月，麥克南與另外兩位藝術(shù)家卡拉·奧爾蒂斯和莎拉·安德森一起，對(duì)三家圖像生成公司提起訴訟，其中包括StabilityAI和在線畫廊DeviantArt。他們?cè)噲D保護(hù)他們的版權(quán)作品和他們的職業(yè)生涯，聲稱人工智能生成的圖像侵犯了數(shù)百萬藝術(shù)家的權(quán)利)”可知，文章報(bào)道了藝術(shù)家KellyMcKernan和其他兩位藝術(shù)家針對(duì)AI公司侵犯版權(quán)的訴訟。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)AI系統(tǒng)生成的圖像與他們的作品相似，他們對(duì)此感到不滿，并尋求賠償和要求法院禁止未經(jīng)許可使用其作品。這是藝術(shù)家對(duì)人工智能侵權(quán)行為的反擊。故“ArtistsFightBackAgainstAIUsingTheirWorks(藝術(shù)家們反擊人工智能使用他們的作品)”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。CTherecentlyopenedtimecapsuleattheU.S.MilitaryAcademyWestPointhassparkedexcitementandcuriosity.Althoughtheinitialdisappointmentwaspalpablewhentheboxseemedtocontainonlydirt,thediscoveryofhiddentreasureshasreawakenedinterestinthehistoricalsignificanceoftheartifacts.Thetimecapsule,believedtohavebeenplacedbyWestPointmilitarystudents,wasfoundinsidethebaseofamemorialdedicatedtoThaddeusKosciuszko,aRevolutionaryWarhero.Thecontentsofthecapsule,revealedduringaceremonialopeningatthemilitaryschool,includedsixsilverAmericancoinsdatingfrom1795and1828,aswellasamedalmemorating(紀(jì)念)theErieCanalfrom1826.Whiletheliveopeningeventdidnotprovidetheexpectedglimpseintohistoricalmilitaryobjectsordocuments,ithasdeepenedthemysterysurroundingthepurposeofthetimecapsule.Thediscoveryofthesevaluablecoinsandmedalsupportsthetheorythattheboxwasburiedbythemilitarystudentssometimebetween1828and1829.Additionalresearchwillbeconductedtoexploreotherpotentialsurpriseswithinthecapsule.Thepreservationandinvestigationofthetimecapsuleholdimmensehistoricalvalue,castinglightonthepastandconnectingthepresentgenerationwiththestoriesandlegacyofthosewhocamebefore.ArcheologistPaulHudson,despitetheinitialletdown,remainsoptimisticabouttheongoingresearchpossibilitiesandthepotentialinsightsawaitingdiscovery.Asexpertsexplorefurtherintotheremainsofthetimecapsule,theyaimtouncoveranyremainingartifactsandgainabetterunderstandingofthetimeperiodandthemotivationsbehindburyingthishistoricaltreasure.Thechallengeliesinpreservingandstudyingthefragilematerials,consideringthepotentialdamagecausedbymoistureandthepassageofnearlytwocenturies.Theexplorationofthistimecapsuleservesasareminderofoursharedhistoryandtheimportanceofpreservingandcelebratingthecontributionsandsacrificesmadebythosewhopavedthewayforfuturegenerations.ThestoryoftheWestPointtimecapsulecontinuestocapturetheimaginationofhistorians,researchers,andthepublic,astheyeagerlyawaitfurtherdiscoveriesandinsightsfromthisextraordinaryfind.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“palpable”inparagraph1mean?A.Apparent. B.Unreasonable. C.Lasting. D.Impossible.9.Whatdoesthediscoveryofthecoinsandmedalconfirmaboutthetimecapsule?A.ItwasplacedtomemoratetheErieCanal.B.ItwasburiedduringtheRevolutionaryWar.C.Itwastreatedwellasagiftfromaforeigncountry.D.Itwaslikelyburiedbymilitarystudentsinthe1800s.10.WhatisPaulHudsonplanningtodonextwiththeremainsofthetimecapsule?A.Donatethemtoamuseum. B.Sellthemtocollectors.C.Burythemagainforfuturegenerations. D.Continuestudyingthemforfurtherinsights.11.Whyispreservingandstudyingthematerialsfromthetimecapsulechallenging?A.Theyaredifficulttoanalyzeduetotheirsmallsize.BTheymayhavebeenseriouslydamagedoverthetwocenturies.C.Theyhadbeenheavilydamagedbeforethecapsulewasburied.D.Thetimecapsulehadbeenplacedinaremoteandinaccessiblelocation.【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了美國(guó)西點(diǎn)軍校打開了一個(gè)擁有將近兩百年歷史的時(shí)間膠囊，其中包含了一些珍貴的硬幣和獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)引發(fā)了人們對(duì)歷史的好奇和探索。【8題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞的上文“Althoughtheinitialdisappointment(盡管最初的失望)”和下文“whentheboxseemedtocontainonlydirt,thediscoveryofhiddentreasureshasreawakenedinterestinthehistoricalsignificanceoftheartifacts(當(dāng)盒子里似乎只有泥土?xí)r，隱藏的寶藏的發(fā)現(xiàn)重新喚起了人們對(duì)這些文物歷史意義的興趣)”可知，此處介紹人們對(duì)于發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)時(shí)間膠囊的情感與態(tài)度的變化，一開始當(dāng)盒子里似乎只有泥土?xí)r，人們的失望應(yīng)該是很“明顯的”。由此可知，劃線詞意思應(yīng)該是“明顯的”，與apparent意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thediscoveryofthesevaluablecoinsandmedalsupportsthetheorythattheboxwasburiedbythemilitarystudentssometimebetween1828and1829.(這些珍貴的硬幣和獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌陌l(fā)現(xiàn)支持了這個(gè)盒子是由軍校學(xué)生在1828年到1829年之間的某個(gè)時(shí)候埋下的理論)”可知，硬幣和獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌陌l(fā)現(xiàn)證實(shí)了時(shí)間膠囊很可能是在19世紀(jì)被軍校學(xué)生埋下的。故選D項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“ArcheologistPaulHudson,despitetheinitialletdown,remainsoptimisticabouttheongoingresearchpossibilitiesandthepotentialinsightsawaitingdiscovery.(考古學(xué)家PaulHudson盡管最初感到失望，但對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的研究可能性和等待發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛在見解仍持樂觀態(tài)度)”可推知，PaulHudson對(duì)該研究進(jìn)一步的發(fā)現(xiàn)持樂觀的態(tài)度，再結(jié)合第五段中“Asexpertsexplorefurtherintotheremainsofthetimecapsule,theyaimtouncoveranyremainingartifactsandgainabetterunderstandingofthetimeperiodandthemotivationsbehindburyingthishistoricaltreasure.(隨著專家們進(jìn)一步探索時(shí)間膠囊的殘骸，他們的目標(biāo)是發(fā)現(xiàn)任何剩余的文物，并更好地了解那個(gè)時(shí)期和埋下這個(gè)歷史寶藏背后的動(dòng)機(jī))”可推知，他計(jì)劃繼續(xù)研究時(shí)間膠囊的殘骸以獲得更深入的見解。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thechallengeliesinpreservingandstudyingthefragilematerials,consideringthepotentialdamagecausedbymoistureandthepassageofnearlytwocenturies.(考慮到潮濕和近兩個(gè)世紀(jì)的流逝所造成的潛在損害，挑戰(zhàn)在于保護(hù)和研究這些脆弱的材料)”可知，保存和研究時(shí)間膠囊中的材料是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡茉趦蓚€(gè)世紀(jì)中遭到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。故選B項(xiàng)。DMostebikeshaverechargeablelithiumion(鋰離子)batteries,thesameasthoseinsmartphonesandlaptops.Allthesebatterieshavethepotentialtofailwhendamaged,overchargedoroperatedinextremetemperatureconditions.Ebikebatteries,though,aremuchbigger—between50to100timesmore—thantheonesinourpersonalelectronics,andthusposeagreaterrisk.OnMay20,afoldingbikeinaSouthLondonapartmentbegansmoking,andwithinsecondsabigflameerupted.AccordingtoDomEllis,deputymissionerfortheLondonFireBrigade,thebike’sownerpurchaseditsecondhandandboughtanaftermarketbatteryfromanunappointedonlinemarketplace.Lithiumionbatteriesarepopularbecausethey’reeasilyrechargeable.Butifsomethingfails,theycanoverheat,saidAnnaStefanopoulou,professorofmechanicalengineeringattheUniversityofMichigan.Thiskicksoffabadcyclecalledthermalrunaway.Themeltingbatterymaterialsfueltheflames,givingoffmoreheat,andthatheatalsocreatesaflammablegas,shesaid.Inotherwords,whenabatterybreaksdown,thefireisselfsustainingandhot.Electriccarsalsocontainlithiumionbatteries,butfiresarelessmonparedwithebikes.Carshavecoolingsystemsandtheirbatteriesaremoreprotected,shesaid.Ebikes,ontheotherhand,don’thavetemperatureregulators(調(diào)節(jié)器)andtheirbatteriesaremoreexposedtotheenvironmentandpossibleimpact,sominorflaws(缺陷)canbeeproblems,Stefanopoulouadded.Shesaidthecheaperbatteriescansufferfromproblemsandlowqualitycontrol.Ebikeridersalsotendtousetheirbatteriesmoreaggressively.Ahugebatteryinanelectriccarcanlastmorethan200miles,anddriverstopthemoffregularly.Ebikeownersareusedtodraining(耗盡)theirbatteriesagainandagainthroughouttheweek,whichcanaddtothestress.12.Whyareebikebatteriesmuchmoredangerousthantheonesinourphones?A.Theyusedifferentmaterials. B.Theyareeasytooverchargeordamage.C.Theyaremuchlargerinvolume. D.Theyneedmorefrequentrecharging.13.Whatmaybethemainproblemwiththefoldingbikementionedinthetext?A.Itwaspurchasedfromanotherusersecondhand.B.Itwasprovidedbyanunqualifiedproducer.C.Itwasalreadyoutofdatewhenboughtsecondhand.D.Itsoriginalbatterywasreplacedwithanaftermarketone.14.Whatismainlydiscussedaboutlithiumionbatteriesinparagraph3?AWhytheyarepopular. B.Howtheyarerecharged.C.Whytheycausebigfires. D.Whatoftencausestheirfailure.15.Whatareebikebuyersorusersremendedtodo?A.Rechargethebatteryeveryday.B.Neverchoosecheaperbatteriestosavemoney.C.Selectabatterywithatemperatureregulator.D.Usethebatteryasoftenaspossible.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了電動(dòng)自行車使用的可充電鋰離子電池存在的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ebikebatteries,though,aremuchbigger—between50to100timesmore—thantheonesinourpersonalelectronics,andthusposeagreaterrisk.(然而，電動(dòng)自行車的電池比我們個(gè)人電子設(shè)備中的電池要大得多——大50到100倍，因此風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。)”可知，電動(dòng)自行車的電池要比個(gè)人電子設(shè)備中的電池危險(xiǎn)是因?yàn)槭侨萘看蟮枚嗟模蔬xC項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AccordingtoDomEllis,deputymissionerfortheLondonFireBrigade,thebike’sownerpurchaseditsecondhandandboughtanaftermarketbatteryfromanunappointedonlinemarketplace.(據(jù)倫敦消防旅副指揮官DomEllis所說，這輛自行車的主人是二手購(gòu)買的，并從一個(gè)未經(jīng)授權(quán)的在線市場(chǎng)購(gòu)買了一塊售后電池。)”可知，文中提到的折疊自行車的問題是原裝電池被一個(gè)非原廠的電池替換了，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thiskicksoffabadcyclecalledthermalrunaway.Themeltingbatterymaterialsfueltheflames,givingoffmoreheat,andthatheatalsocreatesaflammablegas,shesaid.Inotherwords,whenabatterybreaksdown,thefireisselfsustainingandhot.(這引發(fā)了一個(gè)被稱為熱失控的惡性循環(huán)。熔化的電池材料助長(zhǎng)了火焰，釋放出更多的熱量，而那些熱量也會(huì)產(chǎn)生易燃?xì)怏w。換句話說，當(dāng)電池崩潰時(shí)，火災(zāi)是自我維持且溫度很高的。)”可知，本段主要講的是為什么鋰電池失控會(huì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)生較大火災(zāi)，故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ahugebatteryinanelectriccarcanlastmorethan200miles,anddriverstopthemoffregularly.Ebikeownersareusedtodraining(耗盡)theirbatteriesagainandagainthroughouttheweek,whichcanaddtothestress.(電動(dòng)汽車中的巨大電池可以續(xù)航超過200英里，司機(jī)們會(huì)定期充電。電動(dòng)自行車車主習(xí)慣于在一周內(nèi)一次又一次地耗盡他們的電池，這可能會(huì)增加壓力。)”可知，電動(dòng)自行車的買主或使用者被建議定期充電，故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Criticismisneverfun.Ifitisconstructive,thenyoucanuseittobeeamorewellroundedperson.Ifit’sonlymeanttoharmyou,thenyoucanworkonshakingitofflikeabadhabit.____16____?Acceptthatyou’renotperfect.Thisisagreatwaytodealwithcriticism.Tobeabletotakealittlebitoffeedback(反饋),youcan’tkeepthinkingthatyoucandonowrong.Nobody’sperfect,soifyouthinkyou’reperfect,thenyou’renobody.Everypersonhasdisadvantages.____17____?Seeifthere’ssometruthtoit.Ifthefeedbackisingfromapersonwhohasyourbestinterestinmind,thenyouhavetoconsiderthepossibilitythattherereallyissometruthtothosewords.____18____Iftenpeoplesaythatyouareselfish,thentheycan’tallbewrong,canthey?Takeamomenttoconsiderthepossibilitythatthispersonisreallyontosomething.?____19____Ifyouhavereceivedsomecriticismdeliveredinafriendlyandhelpfulway,orjustinawaymeanttobehonestandclear,justtakethetimetothankthepersonandtosaythatyouappreciatethefactthatthepersontoldyousomethingthatcanmakeyouanevenbetterfriend,student,orprofessional.?Stopmakingexcuses.Ifsomeoneisgivingyoureasonablecriticism,stopmakingexcuses.Ifyougetdefensiveandmakeexcuses,thenthepersonwon’tbeabletofinishtellingyouexactlywhatheorshemeans,andyouwon’tgettheinformationyouneedtoreallyimprove.It’snaturalthatwefeeldefensiveandgetthefeelingthatwecandonowrong.____20____A.Workonbeinglesssensitive.B.Thankthepersonforbeinghonest.C.Thefollowingtipscanbehelpfultoyou.D.Mostpeopleareabletodealwithcriticismproperly.E.It’sevenmorelikelyifyou’veheardsimilarmentsbefore.F.Butit’simportanttohearpeopleoutbeforeyoucutthemofftoproveyou’reperfect.G.Ifyoudon’tseeanyofyours,you’renotanalyzingyourselfascloselyasyoushould.【答案】16.C17.G18.E19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何正確對(duì)待批評(píng)?！?6題詳解】上文“Criticismisneverfun.Ifitisconstructive,thenyoucanuseittobeeamorewellroundedperson.Ifit’sonlymeanttoharmyou,thenyoucanworkonshakingitofflikeabadhabit.(批評(píng)從來都不有趣。如果它是建設(shè)性的，那么你可以利用它成為一個(gè)更全面的人。如果它只是為了傷害你，那么你可以把它當(dāng)作一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣來擺脫)提出要正確對(duì)待批評(píng)，下文“?Acceptthatyou’renotperfect.(?接受自己并不完美的事實(shí))”、“?Seeifthere’ssometruthtoit.(?看看這是不是真的)”和“?Stopmakingexcuses.(?停止找借口)”介紹了應(yīng)對(duì)批評(píng)的辦法，C項(xiàng)“Thefollowingtipscanbehelpfultoyou.(下面的建議可能會(huì)對(duì)你有所幫助)”承上啟下，引出下文的建議，銜接自然。故選C項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】上文“Everypersonhasdisadvantages.(每個(gè)人都有缺點(diǎn))”提出每個(gè)人都有缺點(diǎn)，G項(xiàng)“Ifyoudon’tseeanyofyours,you’renotanalyzingyourselfascloselyasyoushould.(如果你沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的任何缺點(diǎn)，你就沒有認(rèn)真剖析自己)”承接上文，說明如何發(fā)現(xiàn)自己沒有缺點(diǎn)，那一定是沒有認(rèn)真剖析自己，與上文句意一致，句中“yours”即“yourdisadvantage”。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Ifthefeedbackisingfromapersonwhohasyourbestinterestinmind,thenyouhavetoconsiderthepossibilitythattherereallyissometruthtothosewords.(如果反饋來自于一個(gè)最關(guān)心你人，那么你必須考慮這些話是否真的有一些道理)”指出要認(rèn)真對(duì)待關(guān)心你的人的批評(píng)，因?yàn)樗麄兊脑捄芸赡苁钦娴?，E項(xiàng)“It’sevenmorelikelyifyou’veheardsimilarmentsbefore.(如果你之前聽過類似的評(píng)論，那就更有可能了)”承接上文，強(qiáng)調(diào)如果之前就聽說過這些話，那么就更有可能是真的了，句中“evenmorelikely”和上文“sometruthtothosewords”構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選E項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】設(shè)空句是段首主題句。下文“Ifyouhavereceivedsomecriticismdeliveredinafriendlyandhelpfulway,orjustinawaymeanttobehonestandclear,justtakethetimetothankthepersonandtosaythatyouappreciatethefactthatthepersontoldyousomethingthatcanmakeyouanevenbetterfriend,student,orprofessional.(如果你收到了一些友好而有幫助的批評(píng)，或者只是以一種誠(chéng)實(shí)而明確的方式，那就花點(diǎn)時(shí)間感謝這個(gè)人，并說你很感激這個(gè)人告訴你的一些事情，這些事情可以讓你成為一個(gè)更好的朋友、學(xué)生或?qū)I(yè)人士)”建議要感謝坦誠(chéng)批評(píng)你的人，故B項(xiàng)“Thankthepersonforbeinghonest.(感謝對(duì)方的坦誠(chéng))”是最佳主題句。故選B項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】上文“Ifyougetdefensiveandmakeexcuses,thenthepersonwon’tbeabletofinishtellingyouexactlywhatheorshemeans,andyouwon’tgettheinformationyouneedtoreallyimprove.(如果你為自己辯護(hù)并找借口，那么對(duì)方就無法把他或她意思確切地告訴你，你也無法獲得真正需要的信息來改進(jìn))”提出遭到批評(píng)時(shí)，不要為自己辯護(hù)和找借口，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Butit’simportanttohearpeopleoutbeforeyoucutthemofftoproveyou’reperfect.(但重要的是，在你打斷他們以證明你是完美的之前，傾聽他們的意見)”提出正確應(yīng)對(duì)的方法：遭到批評(píng)時(shí)先傾聽，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。IrealizedlastyearthatIhadlivedherelongerthanmymomdid.Thatjustdidn’tseemrighttome.Ifanyone____21____alonglife,itwasmymom.Shewaskind,cheerfulandfilledwithlove.Duringherlastfouryears,shefought____22____againstcancerandnevergaveup.IremembercallinghereverydaytotellherIlovedher,somethingIdidn’tdothatmuchasachild.I____23____nottellingherthatmoreoftenwhenIwasachild.____24____,shepassedawayattheageof55.Afterherdeath,myownhealthbroke.Idevelopeddoublepneumonia(肺炎).Later,althoughmybody____25____,myspiritremainedburdenedwith____26____.Icouldn’timaginelivingwithoutmymom,andIwantedmy____27____toknowherlove.Oneday,whileIsatinpainonthecouch,mylittlegirlclimbedontomylapsto____28____me.Herbrotherjoinedher,andIheldthembothclosely.Inthatmoment,IfeltMom’sloving____29____intheroom.IknewIhadtokeepgoing.IpromisedmyselfthatIwould_____30_____storiesofMom’sloveandbeautifulsoulwithmychildren.Ibelievedthather_____31_____spiritwouldalwayslivewithinme.Icouldhearherlaughterinmymind,_____32_____metoriseupandliveagain.Eachdayisafreshbeginning.Momlivedbythis_____33_____.Sheneverwastedasinglemoment,_____34_____laughter,love,andkindnesstoeveryoneshemet.Eachday,shemadetheworldabetterplaceforourfamily.Iwillstrivetofollowherexampleandembraceeachdayasanew_____35_____forjoyandgrowth.21.A.demanded B.deserved C.enjoyed D.anticipated22.A.bravely B.aimlessly C.impatiently D.secretly23.A.practice B.regret C.imagine D.consider24.A.Undeniably B.Typically C.Obviously D.Unluckily25.A.collapsed B.resisted C.recovered D.shook26.A.challenges B.purpose C.debts D.sorrow27.A.children B.neighbors C.workmates D.students28.A.bother B.fort C.convince D.protect29.A.attitude B.capacity C.guidance D.presence30.A.bine B.pare C.read D.share31.A.ambitious B.independent C.gentle D.professional32.A.training B.forbidding C.begging D.urging33.A.authority B.dimension C.principle D.theory34.A.spreading B.promising C.explaining D.teaching35.A.order B.opportunity C.fashion D.conclusion【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.C26.D27.A2