聯(lián)合國人類發(fā)展報(bào)告中國部分(2007-2008)中英文對照詞匯表

聯(lián)合國人類發(fā)展報(bào)告中國部分（2007-2008）中英文對照詞匯表/李長栓星期三,10/14/2009-08:47—李長栓

（城鎮(zhèn)）最低生活保障制度

anurbanminimumlivingsecuritysubsidysystem（公共就業(yè)服務(wù)）滿意度/主觀感受Public’sperceptionsofemploymentservices（基本公共服務(wù)均等化政策目標(biāo)的）核心Thethrustof…（民間）社會組織Civilsocietyorganizations“吃飯”財(cái)政（財(cái)政收入用于發(fā)工資）區(qū)別與“公共財(cái)政”publicfinance，財(cái)政收入用于提供公共服務(wù)）建設(shè)財(cái)政（constructionfinance，財(cái)政收入用于建設(shè)）therevenuesbarelymeetstaffsalaries/Financialcapacitiessketchjustfarenoughtocoverpayrolls/“payroll”finance

“大包大攬”的基本公共服務(wù)供給theGovernmentwasthesolesupplierofbasicpublicservices/monopolysupplyofpublicservices“非重點(diǎn)”學(xué)?！皀on-key”schools“勞動者自主擇業(yè)、市場調(diào)節(jié)就業(yè)、政府促進(jìn)就業(yè)”labourersselectingtheirjobsontheirown,marketsregulatingemploymentdemandandsupply,andtheGovernmentpromotingemployment

“以人為本”的發(fā)展觀people-baseddevelopmentapproach“正式工”和“臨時(shí)工”a“regularworker”anda“temporaryworker”“重點(diǎn)”學(xué)?！発ey”schools《殘疾人就業(yè)條例》RulesontheEmploymentofDisabledPersons《關(guān)于全面推進(jìn)零就業(yè)家庭援助工作的通知》NoticeonComprehensivelyPromotingAssistancetoZero-EmploymentFamilies《國家八七扶貧攻堅(jiān)計(jì)劃》the8-7NationalPlanforPriorityPovertyReduction《國家教育督導(dǎo)報(bào)告2005》TheNationalEducationInspectionReport2005《國營企業(yè)職工待業(yè)保險(xiǎn)暫行規(guī)定》TheTemporaryProvisionsonLaid-offInsurancefor(State-ownedEnterprises)Employees《全民所有制工業(yè)企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)換經(jīng)營機(jī)制條例》RegulationsonTransformingtheOperatingMechanismofIndustrialEnterprisesOwnedbytheWholePeople《失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)條例》ProvisionsonLaid-offInsurancefor(State-ownedEnterprises)Employees《醫(yī)藥行業(yè)"十一五"發(fā)展指導(dǎo)意見》“GuidingPoliciesfortheDevelopmentoftheMedicineIndustryinthe11thFive-YearPlanPeriod”《職業(yè)介紹暫行規(guī)定》InterimRulesontheEmploymentService《中共中央關(guān)于構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會若干重大問題的決定》Decisionon“SeveralImportantIssuesinConstructingofaSocialistHarmoniousSociety”《中共中央關(guān)于完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制若干問題的決定》DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaon“SomeIssuesConcerningtheImprovementoftheSocialistMarketEconomy”《中國婦女發(fā)展綱要》OutlineProgrammeforDevelopmentofChineseWomen《中國統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》ChinaStatisticalYearbook《中華人民共和國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展第十一個五年（2006-2010年規(guī)劃綱要）》theOutlineofEleventhFive-Year(20062010)PlanofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment《中華人民共和國勞動法》LabourLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina…是在…的過程中實(shí)現(xiàn)的/在…的背景下發(fā)生的…coincidewith…/progresshasoccurredalongside…2001年-2005年的《中國教育經(jīng)費(fèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》ChinaEducationFinanceStatistics2001-20052006年公共就業(yè)服務(wù)滿意度調(diào)查a2006surveyontheChinesepublic’sperceptionsofemploymentservices三級……網(wǎng)Athreetierednetwork集體公益金collectivepublicwelfarefund就業(yè)是人類發(fā)展的一個重要維度，不僅是人們收入的來源，也關(guān)系到人的尊嚴(yán)，是社會成員賴以生存、融入社會和實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值的重要途徑和基本權(quán)利。Employmentiskeytohumandevelopmentbecausepeoplederiveearningsaswellasdignityfromfairworkopportunities.Theyopenavenuesforthemselvestobecomeproductivemembersofsociety.土地使用權(quán)l(xiāng)and-useright必須高度重視meritfullattention考試招生制度thesystemsofexaminationandenrollment按既定的部署和現(xiàn)行匯率計(jì)算accordingtoourplanandcalculatedwiththecurrentexchangerate按收入消費(fèi)高低次序以10%人口為一組Successivesubsetsof10percentofthepopulation按照法律規(guī)定支付工資entitledtowagesaccordingtothelaw把經(jīng)濟(jì)增長視為發(fā)展的目標(biāo)takingeconomicgrowthastheendofdevelopment辦學(xué)條件thephysicalconditionsofschools(physicalinfrastructure)保護(hù)資源conserveresources保留率Retentionrate保險(xiǎn)長期成本Long-terminsurancecosts保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用Insurancepremium保障后代人的生存和發(fā)展assurethedevelopmentoffuturegenerations保障基本生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)upholdsubsistencerightsandfosterthedevelopmentofallmembersofthesociety保障社會公平正義Guaranteesocialjusticeandfairness保障水平Thelevelofbenefitcoverage報(bào)銷reimbursement比例

share;prevalence必不可少的先決條件essentialprerequisite必須長期堅(jiān)持的重要指導(dǎo)思想importantguidingprincipletobefollowedforalongtimetocome畢業(yè)生升學(xué)率progressionrate,rateofprogressionforprimaryschoolgraduatesintomiddleschools邊際消費(fèi)marginalconsumption邊疆地區(qū)borderarea編輯委員會Editorialboard表明shedsomelightonthequestion病床使用率utilizationrateofhospitalbeds剝奪人的可行能力denialsofcapability不斷擴(kuò)大的收入差距rapidincreasesinincomeinequality不同所有制（國有制和集體所有制）stateownershipversuscollective財(cái)力Finance/fiscalposition財(cái)力基礎(chǔ)revenuebase財(cái)權(quán)（財(cái)權(quán)和事權(quán)統(tǒng)一balanceresourcesandresponsibilities）Fiscaljurisdiction/resources財(cái)政分權(quán)fiscaldecentralization財(cái)政分灶separatesfinancialrevenuesandexpenditure財(cái)政和政策支持financialincentivesandpolicysupport財(cái)政可行性financiallyfeasible/feasibility財(cái)政能力fiscalcapacity;financecapacity財(cái)政收入budgetrevenue財(cái)政收入豐厚的地方Withstronglocalrevenuebases財(cái)政投入governmentinvestment財(cái)政性公共服務(wù)支出governmentspendingonsocialservices財(cái)政性教育和衛(wèi)生支出絕對額absoluteamountofgovernmentspendingoneducationandhealthcare財(cái)政支出budgetspending財(cái)政支農(nóng)資金的穩(wěn)定增長機(jī)制asteadyfund-increasemechanismforfarmers/amechanismforsteadyincreaseofbudgetspendingonagriculture財(cái)政制度fiscalsystem財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付fiscaltransfers財(cái)政資源Budgetaryresources財(cái)政資源和人力資源Fiscalandhumanresources采暖費(fèi)heatingexpenses殘疾人Peoplewithadisability殘疾調(diào)整生命年Disability-adjustedlifeyears(DALY)差別費(fèi)率premiumratedifferentials/differentiatedpremium差距shortfalls;disparities;gap產(chǎn)婦護(hù)理資源短缺theshortageofmaternalcareresources產(chǎn)假maternityleave產(chǎn)前檢查率prenatalcheck-uprate產(chǎn)值Productionvalue成人識字率adultliteracyrate成為居民街頭巷議的主要話題beworsenedtothepointofbecomingacommonsourceofdiscussionandconcern城鄉(xiāng)、地區(qū)和不同社會群體之間的基本公共服務(wù)均等化theequalizationofbasicpublicservicesacrossregionsandsocialgroups城鄉(xiāng)差距wideninggapsindevelopmentbetweenurbanandruralareas/urban-ruraldisparities城鄉(xiāng)二元的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度thedualsystemofmedicalinsurance城鄉(xiāng)二元公共服務(wù)體制dualisticurban-ruralsystemofbasicpublicservice城鄉(xiāng)二元體系Dualisticurban-ruralsystem城鄉(xiāng)居民內(nèi)部的收入分配差距incomeinequalitiesamongdifferentsocialgroups城鄉(xiāng)每千人醫(yī)療結(jié)構(gòu)床位數(shù)和城鄉(xiāng)每千人衛(wèi)生技術(shù)人員數(shù)thenumberofurbanandruralhospitalbedsandmedicalpersonnelper1000people城鄉(xiāng)人均收入比urban-ruralratioinpercapitaincome城鄉(xiāng)收入差距Urban-ruralincomegap城鄉(xiāng)一體的社會保障體系anintegratednationalsocialinsurancesystem城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)和城鄉(xiāng)居民健康狀況的差距thedeepgapsinhealthservesandoutcomesbetweenurbanandruralareas城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系urbanandruralhealthcarefacilities城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)院對口支援one-on-oneassistancebetweenurbanandruralhospitals城鄉(xiāng)之間、沿海和內(nèi)陸之間、不同社會群體之間和性別之間的發(fā)展差距developmentgapsbetweenurbanandruralareas,coastalandinteriorregions,gendersandpopulationgroups城鎮(zhèn)常住人口Permanenturbanpopulation城鎮(zhèn)戶口還是農(nóng)村戶口statusintheHukousystem城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障制度MinimumLivingStandardAllowanceforurbanresidents城鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)職工養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)pensioninsuranceforworkersinurbanenterprises城鎮(zhèn)社會救助制度urbansocialreliefsystem城鎮(zhèn)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度urbanunemploymentinsurance城鎮(zhèn)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)參保人數(shù)thenumberofurbanold-ageinsuranceparticipants城鎮(zhèn)醫(yī)療服務(wù)體制Urbanandruralmedicalservicesystems城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)basicmedicalinsurancesystemsforurbanworkersandresidents持續(xù)快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長Sustainedandrapideconomicgrowth充分發(fā)揮個人能力的就業(yè)havingafulfillingjob充分發(fā)揮自身潛力Takefulladvantageoftheirpotentials籌集資金Poolfund出身Socialorigin出生時(shí)預(yù)期壽命Lifeexpectancyatbirth出生性別比Sexratioatbirth初中階段毛入學(xué)率thegrossenrolmentrateinjuniormiddleschools處在中等人類發(fā)展國家行列的中下游rightinthecentreofthemiddlehumandevelopmentlevelrange傳染病控制controlinfectiousdiseases傳授技能impartskills創(chuàng)造了溫飽的基本條件toprovideadequateconditionsforsubsistence輟學(xué)率drop-outrates次級勞動力市場informalsector從各個方面改善生活positivechangescanbefoundinvirtuallyallaspectsofthelives從執(zhí)行情況看actualexecutionofthismechanism促進(jìn)德、智、體全面發(fā)展的課外活動Extracurriculareducational,athleticandsocialactivitiestoprovidestudentswithwell-roundeddevelopment促進(jìn)和諧社會建設(shè)Promotetheconstructionofaharmonioussociety促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展developone’shumancapacitytothefullest村衛(wèi)生室Villageclinics大規(guī)模的“開發(fā)式扶貧”large-scaledevelopment(-basedpovertyreduction)campaign大規(guī)模的人口流動large-scalepopulationmovements;massivemovementofthelaborforce大量農(nóng)民工進(jìn)入城鎮(zhèn)Rural-urbanmigrationbegintoaccelerate大專juniorcollege代際傳遞intergenerationaltransmission代際貧困傳遞theintergenerationaltransmissionofpoverty代課教師Substituteteachers帶來人類發(fā)展的進(jìn)步Generateimprovementsinhumandevelopment貸款貼息、稅收減免和再就業(yè)補(bǔ)貼discountloans,taxexemptionsandreemploymentsubsidies單一的公有制被多種所有制的共同發(fā)展所取代thedominanceofpublicownershiphasbeenincrementallyreplacedbymultipleformsofownership但是，就象HDI只能評估人類發(fā)展的小部分領(lǐng)域而不能評估人類發(fā)展的全貌一樣，GDI也只能評估性別公平的部分領(lǐng)域。Atthesametime,itisimportanttonotethattheGDI,liketheHDI,onlycoversasmallnumberofimportantbutnotcomprehensivefacetsofhumandevelopmentandequitablegenderdevelopment.德智體美全面發(fā)展areall-roundachieversinmoral,intellectual,physicalandaestheticeducation低保minimumlivingsecurityallowance低成本勞動密集型制造業(yè)lowwageandlabor-intensivemanufacturing低可行能力thepoorcapacitytomakealivelihood低人類發(fā)展水平low-humandevelopmentfloor低收入家庭Low-incomehouseholds低體重嬰兒low-birth-weightinfants地表水（地下水groundwater）Surfacewater地方財(cái)政支出fundsfromlocalgovernments地方政府事權(quán)和財(cái)力（responsibilityandavailableresourcesoflocalgovernments）administrativejurisdictionsandavailablefinancialresources地級市Prefecture-levelcities街道sub-district地區(qū)間人類發(fā)展的總體差距Aggregatedisparity地位弱化Roledeclines第三產(chǎn)業(yè)Tertiaryindustry第三次全國衛(wèi)生服務(wù)調(diào)查TheThirdNationalHealthServiceSurvey第一產(chǎn)業(yè)Primaryindustry第一要義thefirstandforemostgoal奠定基礎(chǔ)Setthestagefor調(diào)整政策導(dǎo)向Reorientitspolicies獨(dú)立、客觀、公正的立場independence,objectivityandimpartiality對……做出了系統(tǒng)總結(jié)outlinethegistofsth.對口支援one-on-oneassistance多元付費(fèi)機(jī)制Multiple-contributionmechanism多種所有制Multipleformsofownership多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展simultaneousdevelopmentofmultipleformsofownership惡性循環(huán)viciouscircle兒童免疫immunizationofchildren二次世界大戰(zhàn)后thepost-WorldWarIIera二元結(jié)構(gòu)thedualisticstructure二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型transformationoftheolddualstructureoftheeconomy發(fā)布的第一份人類發(fā)展報(bào)告debut發(fā)出（通知）approve發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)和欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)better-offandpoorerregions發(fā)揮個人能力unleashone’sability發(fā)揮核心作用Becentralto發(fā)揮人的首創(chuàng)精神enablingpeopletotakeinitiatives發(fā)育不良兒童stuntedchildren發(fā)展的前提prerequisitefordevelopment發(fā)展模式Economicmodel法律援助legalaid反貧困Anti-poverty反貧困投入anti-povertyefforts非凡的成就aremarkablefeat非農(nóng)業(yè)戶口（他是……）Aregisteredfarmer非農(nóng)業(yè)人口non-farmingpopulation非正規(guī)就業(yè)flexiblyemployed費(fèi)率檔次tiersofpremiumrates費(fèi)用Expenses/expenditures分配趨勢distributionaltrends分稅改革制Tax-sharingreforms豐富的人力資源anenormouspoolofhumanresources風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)機(jī)制risk-sharingmechanism扶貧工作機(jī)構(gòu)specializedagenciesforpovertyreduction婦幼衛(wèi)生服務(wù)healthservicesforwomenandchildren附表Appendix/schedule附加險(xiǎn)supplementaryinsurance復(fù)雜的（社會）結(jié)構(gòu)complexstructures赴國外旅游、工作、學(xué)習(xí)Accesstotravel,workandstudyintheoutsideworld副作用asideeffect富國和窮國的生活水平之間的巨大差距l(xiāng)argediscrepanciesinstandardsoflivingbetweenwealthierandpoorernations覆蓋面不寬Limitedcoverage覆蓋面不寬、投入不足、供給不均衡withlimitedcoverageandanumberofgaps(…inadequateinput,andunbalancedsupply)覆蓋全民的基本社會保障制度asocialsecuritysystemforall覆蓋全民的基本醫(yī)療保障體制thebasichealthcaresystemcoveringallresidentsinthecountry改革的目標(biāo)Reformthrusts改革開放reformandopeningup改革開放之初thebeginningyearsofreformera改善民生improvementofpeople’swell-being改善速度、廣度和程度thespeed,scopeandmagnitudeoftheimprovements改水改廁improvedsanitation；improvementsinsanitation崗前培訓(xùn)pre-jobtraining崗位posts職位Positions崗位工作能力vocationalskills高附加值Highvalue-added高寒、缺水地區(qū)coldandwater-scareareas高收入群體thehighestincomegroups高素質(zhì)勞動力Suitablyhigherskilledlaborforce高危行業(yè)high-riskindustry高學(xué)歷教師teacherswithhighereducation;higher-educationbackgroundteachers高血壓hypertension高職稱教師teacherswithhigherprofessionaltitles個人承擔(dān)醫(yī)療保健privatemedicalcost個人交費(fèi)Individualcontribution個人衛(wèi)生支出household’sownexpendituresonmedicalcare個人選擇空間小lessspaceforpersonalchoice個人賬戶Personalaccount個人支付比重shareofpersonalpayments各國（數(shù)據(jù)）country-specific各級地方政府thespectrumoflocalgovernments各級學(xué)校的入學(xué)率Schoolenrolmentratio各級政府Governmentatalllevels給……帶來壓力Squeeze給經(jīng)濟(jì)增長帶來負(fù)面影響exactheavyeconomictolls根本方法fundamentalmethod工人下崗/冗員redundancies工傷work-relatedinjury工傷保險(xiǎn)work-relatedinjuryinsurance,workplaceinjuryinsurance工業(yè)反哺農(nóng)業(yè)、城市支持農(nóng)村industryfeedsagricultureandcitiessupportruralareas工業(yè)化中期Mediumlevelofindustrialization公辦教師government-paidteachers公布實(shí)施promulgationandimplementation公共財(cái)政體系Publicfinancesystem公共財(cái)政投入publicfiscalinputs公共服務(wù)Social/publicservice公共服務(wù)城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)pre-reformdualisticstructureofpublicservices公共服務(wù)供給servicedelivery公共服務(wù)供給體制publicservicedeliverysystem公共服務(wù)絕對平均化egalitarianoutcomesinpublicservice公共服務(wù)均等equalavailabilityofpublicservice/equalizethepublicservice公共服務(wù)均等化equalizationofpublicservice/equalaccesstopublicservice/equalizingpublicservice公共服務(wù)體制和制度publicservicesystemsandinstitutions公共福利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)publicwelfarecriteria公共教育經(jīng)費(fèi)Publicexpenditureoneducation公共就業(yè)服務(wù)publicemploymentservice公共就業(yè)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)employmentserviceorganizations公共就業(yè)服務(wù)資源利用效率不高insufficientuseofpublicemploymentresources公共衛(wèi)生publichealth公共衛(wèi)生和基本醫(yī)療publichealthandbasicmedicalcare公共衛(wèi)生和基本醫(yī)療體系遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)滿足不了實(shí)際需求Howthedemandformedicalcarevastlyexceedthesupply公共衛(wèi)生突發(fā)事件publichealthemergencies公共性服務(wù)socialservices公共需求Publicneedsandexpectations公共需求變化theChinesepeople’srisingexpectations公平發(fā)展equitabledevelopment公用經(jīng)費(fèi)budgetaryfundforpublicuse公有制Publicownership共同負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)費(fèi)Sharetheprovisionoffunds共有援助險(xiǎn)mutualaidinsurance構(gòu)成了本報(bào)告的研究基礎(chǔ)Theseresearchresultshaveservedasastartingpointforpreparingthisreport.購買力purchasingpower購買力平價(jià)PPP(purchasingpowerparity)骨骼氟中毒skeletalfluorosis固定資產(chǎn)fixedasset固有特性Intrinsicmerit關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)keymetric管理體制Administrationsystem貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀topracticethescientificdevelopmentconcept廣泛broad-based廣泛關(guān)注的問題Hottopics廣泛增長broad-basedgrowth規(guī)定underit/stipulate規(guī)劃綱要Outline國家教育督導(dǎo)報(bào)告NationalInspectionReportonEducation國家?guī)熧Y標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Nationalqualificationstandard國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局nationalbureauofstatistics國家衛(wèi)生服務(wù)調(diào)查NationalHealthServiceSurvey國內(nèi)國際兩個大局theoverallinternationalanddomesticsituation國統(tǒng)一的制度安排Arrangementsfortheentirenation國有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprises國有企業(yè)改革減員增效state-ownedenterprisesbeganreducingtheirworkforces國有企業(yè)重組改制和關(guān)閉破產(chǎn)過程還會有工人下崗withfurtherreformsproducingmoreredundancies過度用藥/開大藥方over-prescription過上充實(shí)的生活Livefulllive