高中英語高考一輪話題復習5自然與環(huán)境（教師版）

高中英語高考一輪話題復習5：自然與環(huán)境【問題查找】詞匯填空（如果學生基礎不牢固，建議直接從精準突破開始）1.Therewasa____________(爆發(fā))oflaughterinthenextroom.2.Withinafewdaysshehadbeeseriouslyill,____________(受苦)greatpain.3.HewasveryworriedwhenItoldhimthathiswifehadbeenseriously____________(受傷).4.Wewerewithout______________(電)forthreehoursbutit’sonagainnow.5.Thiscountrywasonceproudofitseducationsystem.Nowitseemstobein____________(破敗不堪).6.Mostchildren________(響應)welltoindividualattentioninclass.7.I'mnotquite________(確定的)abouthowmuchisleftinthataccount.8.Onlyafterunderstandingapoemcanwe________(欣賞)it.9.Manyshooting________(事件)gounreported.10.Themayorwill________(視察)ourschooltomorrow.Keys：1.burst2.suffering3.injured4.electricity5.ruins6.respond7.certain 8.appreciate9.incidents 10.inspect【要點精講】學習目標：能自主快速閱讀理解大意，能依據上下文語境猜測詞義，能正確拼讀詞匯（單詞、短語），掌握詞匯意義與用法。（1）能正確識記、領會以下詞匯,正確率達100%：shock,appreciate,rescue等（2）能正確識記、領會以下短語,正確率達100%：dieout,atanend,indanger等（3）能正確運用以下句型結合詞匯和語法進行句子翻譯和寫作,正確率達80%：解決學習問題：目標對應的活動（目標的問題化分解）Earthquakes地震【語境串聯】（1）請用學習過的單詞完成篇章：Thewholenationwas（shock）bytheearthquake.Itwasreallyan（extreme）frightening（災難）.Almosteverythingwas（destroy）andpeoplesufferedalot.Theyneeded（避身處）and（電力）.They（表達）their（真誠的）thankstothePartyforimmediate（援救）.Keys：shocked;extremely;disaster;destroyed;shelters;electricity;expressed;sincere;rescue【知識拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識拓展補充，學生版可選擇性呈現該部分或直接刪去，建議根據學生情況選擇性補充或拓展其他內容，不要求全部講解）rescuevt.&vi.營救，援救，搶救n.救援，營救，獲救；營救行動go/etosb.'srescue拯救某人rescuesb./sth.fromsth./sb.使……脫離(困境/危險)（2）請用學習過的短語完成篇章：Onenight,everythingbegantoshake,withthepinesburstandtheelectricity（中斷）.Anearthquakestuckthecityanditseemed（好像）theworldwas（結束）.Somepeoplewereinjured,some（在...掩埋）theruinsandsomemissing.（從...判斷）thesituation,therewere（大量的）trappedpeoplewaitingforrescue.Butallhopewasnotlost,becausesoldierweresenttohelpthem（立刻）.Keys：cutoff;asif;atanend;buriedin;Judgingfrom;anumberof;rightaway.【知識拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識拓展補充，學生版可選擇性呈現該部分或直接刪去，建議根據學生情況選擇性補充或拓展其他內容，不要求全部講解）atanend結束etoanend結束，破滅put/bringsth.toanend結束callforanendtosth.呼吁停止/結束anumberof＋名詞復數，意為“大量”，謂語動詞用復數thenumberof＋名詞復數，“……的數目”，謂語動詞用單數asif仿佛；好像asif的用法：1.可在look,seem等系動詞后引導表語從句。Shelooksasifsheweretenyearsyounger.她看起來好像年輕了十歲。2.當說話者認為句子所述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時，asif從句用陳述語氣。Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin.看來我們隊要勝了。Itlooksasifthey’relookingforsomething.他們看起來好像在找什么東西。當說話人認為句子所述的是不真實的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時，asif從句用虛擬語氣。asif+從句時間從句謂語動詞形式現在過去時(be用were)將來過去過去完成時Shelovestheboyasifshewerehismother.她愛這男孩，就好像她是他的媽媽一樣。Hespeaksasifhehadknownaboutitbefore.他說得好像之前就知道似的?！炯磳W即練】完形填空節(jié)選題。Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakingaintheworld.Youcan,too!A.choice B.profit C.judgement D.difference2.Herfriendscametoherwhenthewarbrokeout.Aniswhoownedarestaurantagreedtohidesomebooks.A.stop B.help C.warn D.rescue3.Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,_____________he’sinhisnineties.A.aslongas B.asif C.eventhough D.incaseKeys：1.D考查名詞。Achoice選擇；B.profit利潤；Cjudgement判斷；Ddifference不同。此定短語:makeadifference起作用，有影響，選D。2.B考查動詞。Astop停止B.hep幫助C.warm警告;Drescue營救。根據后文”Anisownedarestaurantarcedtohidesomebooks”可知，她的朋友們都過來幫她轉移書。3.C考查狀語從句。句意:即使是九十多歲了，我的爺爺仍然可以時不時地打打網球。as1ongas只要，引導條件狀語從句asif似乎，引導方式狀語從句eventhough即使，引導讓步狀語從句incase以防，引導目的狀語從句。這里是轉折關系，故選C.Wildlifeprotection野生動物保護【語境串聯】（1）請用學習過的單詞完成篇章：Thelossand（損害）tothewildlife（保護區(qū)）（影響）thesecurityofwildlifefiercely.Anymerciful（回答）is（appreciate）.Toour（relieve）,manhasrealizedtheimportanceofwildlife（protect）andhaswongreat（成功）.Keys：harm;reserve;affects;response;appreciation;relief;protection;success【知識拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識拓展補充，學生版可選擇性呈現該部分或直接刪去，建議根據學生情況選擇性補充或拓展其他內容，不要求全部講解）affectvt.影響；感動；侵襲【易混辨析】affect/effectaffect動詞，指＂產生的影響之大足以引起反應＂，著重＂影響＂的動作,有時含有＂對……產生不利影響＂的意思effect名詞，多用作名詞指＂效果，作用＂，常用于haveaneffecton＂對……有影響＂appreciatevt.鑒賞；感激；意識到appreciationn.欣賞；感激，感謝；(藝術方面的)鑒定，評估appreciativeadj.欣賞的，賞識的；感激的，感謝的【特別提醒】appreciate后面若跟when/if引導的從句作賓語時,從句之前應用it作形式賓語。類似用法的動詞還有hate,love,like,dislike等。Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyouwouldhelpmewithit.如果你能幫助我做這件事，我將不勝感激。reliefn.(痛苦或憂慮的)減輕或解除；減輕痛苦的事物inrelief如釋重負；松了口氣thereliefof………的消除/減輕toone’srelief使某人欣慰的是（2）請用學習過的短語完成篇章：Huntingtoomuchaffectsthenumberofwildanimalsgreatlynowadays.Asaresult,therearesomeanimals（逐漸消失）andothers（在危險中）.Fortunately,ourgovernmenthas（注意）thesituationandaseriesoflawshas（開始生效）.Thereisnodoubtthatwewillsucceedinpreventingthesituationfrombeingbadtoworse.Keys：dyingout;indanger;paidattentionto;eintoeffect【知識拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識拓展補充，學生版可選擇性呈現該部分或直接刪去，建議根據學生情況選擇性補充或拓展其他內容，不要求全部講解）indanger(of)在危險中；垂危。反義短語為outofdanger(脫離危險)【拓展延伸】介詞in+名詞構成的短語insilence沉默地insurprise吃驚地inamazement 驚奇地inpeace平靜地，安詳地inrelief如釋重負incase以防inreturn作為回報inreward作為回報payattentionto注意attract/catch/draw/getone’sattention吸引某人的注意力fix/focusone’sattentionon集中注意力于devoteone’sattentionto專心于turnone’sattentionto將注意力轉向【即學即練】完形填空節(jié)選題。Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool,Gabrielwouldlookpityinglyatmusicstudents,strugglingacrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases,turningupatschoolforpracticehoursbeforeanyoneelsehadtobethere.Hesworetohimselftomusic,ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly.A.betray B.accept C.avoid D.appreciateKeys：考查動詞。根據“ashehategettingtoschoolextraearly”可知，Gabriel討厭過早到校，因此他發(fā)誓“不學”音樂，A.背叛；B.接受；C.避開，避免；D.欣賞?！静槁┭a缺】真題大練兵1.Ithadwhitepaintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andproved___________(extreme)popularwiththepublic.2.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonly_____________(災難).3.whysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithout___________(遮蔽物)orenoughfood.4.Thesechemicalsefromthe___________(injure)partsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.5.Herhusbandwaswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearly_____________shock.6.Now,I_____________(感激)thesilenceandthenewwayofmunicationitopens.7.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscanprotectthemselves___________insects.8.Supposeyou’reinarush,feelingtired,notpayingattention_____________yourscreen,andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble.9.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost_____________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.10.The_____________(disappear)ofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Keys：1.extremely 2.disaster3.shelter4.injured5.in6.appreciate7.against8.to9.successful10.disappearance 【梳理優(yōu)化】1、學生在“鞏固練習”階段掌握不好，就回到“精準突破”，補救學習。詞性轉換1.frightenvt.使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉righteningadj.令人恐懼的→frightenedadj.受驚的；受恐嚇的2.sincerelyadv.真誠地；真摯地→sincereadj.真誠的；真摯的3.judgen.裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷→judgementn.斷定；判斷4.disappearancen.消失→disappearvi.消失→appearvi.出現；到場→appearancen.出現；外表5.protectionn.保護→protectiveadj.保護的；防護的→protectvt.保護；防護6.reliefn.(痛苦或憂慮的)減輕或解除；減輕痛苦的事物→relievevt.解除；減輕；緩和(不快或痛苦)7.appreciatevt.鑒賞；感激；意識到→appreciationn.欣賞；鑒賞；感激；理解8.succeedvi.成功vt.接替；繼任→successn.成功→successfuladj.成功的→successfullyadv.成功地9.harmn.&vt.損害；危害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無害的學生在“鞏固練習”階段掌握很好，就拓展延伸。完形填空的解題技巧3：前后搭配前后搭配主要指動詞與介詞的搭配、動賓搭配及句式搭配等。能不能搭配，除涉及詞語的用法外，還需結合常識來判斷。【例1】OnApril12,1888，Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper21hisbrotherforhimand...A.found B.misunderstood C.mistook D.judgedKeys：解析：根據動介搭配，能與后面的介詞for搭配的，只有mistook，故選C?！纠?】Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto28theNobelprizes，...A.establish B.form C.develop D.promoteKeys：解析：根據動賓搭配，應是“設立諾貝爾獎”，即establishtheNobelprizes，故選A。【例3】Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.afterall B.inall C.atall D.forallKeys：C優(yōu)化：補充、完善初步總結的解題方法；B.解決元認知問題；C.信息精細化加工；D.需要記憶的教給記憶訣竅等；E.圖式。A.補充、完善初步總結的解題方法。一、?？碱}型：1.完型填空;2.閱讀理解題;3.語法填空題4.書面表達二、解題技巧語法填空題中詞匯的解題技巧1.判斷空格中所需單詞的詞性；2.觀察所給單詞的詞性和所需單詞詞性是否一致；3.根據題目修改相應的單詞形式B.信息精細化加工（歸類、分類、類比、比較、聯想、想象等）1.選取本次課學習的（至少）5個詞匯寫出一篇短文。E.圖式。1.利用近義詞、同義詞、反義詞轉換等帶出新的語言。2.利用paraphrase評價和轉換語言，利用已有認知圖式結合情境學習新的目標詞匯?！緩娀柟獭客晷吞羁誛heredidallthetigersgo?That’swhatIndianPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghwantstoknow.India’sSariskaProjectTigerReserve,oncehometo26tigers,isnowhometonone.Singhhasorderedapoliceinvestigationintothe1,andcreatedanewtaskforce(特別工作組)tosavethe2animals.Tigersareanendangeredspecies(物種).Halfoftheworld’stiger3liveinIndia.Foryears,tigershavebeendisappearingfromIndia’snationalparks,butSariskamaybethelaststraw.Andthegovernmenthasto___4___.OnThursday,Singhheldthefirstmeetingof5officials,wildlifeexperts,andrelatedleaders,aimingto6thenation’sremainingtigers,andto7aplantokeepthemsafe.Itisnothardtoguesswhythetigersaredisappearing.Poachers(偷獵者)can8thebigcatsfor$50,000each.TigerskinandbonesarepopularinChinese9.Asingletigertoothcanfetch$120.Recently,agroupofpoachersadmittedkillingtentigersinSariskaandwere10.＂Indiantigerpoachingisprobablythe11conservationprobleminmoderntimes,＂saidBelindaWright,theheadoftheWildlifeProtectionSocietyofIndia.However,poachingisn’ttheonly12.Manypoachersuseadvancedtechnologies,likenightglassesandlongrangebinoculars(雙筒望遠鏡).Forestsecurityofficersarepaidso13thatfewofthem___14___totrackdownthepoachers.Evenifsecurityguardsweretofindapoacher,manyonlycarryasticktomakehimobeythelaw.TigerfanshopethatSingh’splansmeanendforthepoachersand15fortheendangeredspecies.1.A.project B.disappearance C.reserve D.home2.A.dangerous B.huge C.rare D.fierce3.A.population B.percentage C.generation D.group4.A.care B.plan C.react D.wake5.A.business B.trade C.army D.forest6.A.ensure B.count C.keep D.feed7.A.eupwith B.putupwith C.catchupwith D.goonwith8.A.raise B.hunt C.sell D.shoot9.A.food B.tradition C.culture D.medicine10.A.found B.arrested C.prohibited D.controlled11.A.oldest B.hottest C.biggest D.latest12.A.problem B.worry C.crime D.factor13.A.monly B.poorly C.slightly D.highly14.A.determine B.remember C.hesitate D.bother15.A.success B.lamp C.hope D.achievementKeys:印度一個保護區(qū)的老虎＂消失＂了，印度總理為此下令調查此事，并尋求解決確保剩余老虎安全的辦法。15BCACD610BACDB1115CABDC【課后練習】一、根據所給中文，完成英語短文2010年4月14日，一場可怕的地震襲擊了青海玉樹，人們對這一消息感到非常震驚。玉樹地震被認為是中國在唐山大地震之后最可怕的災難之一。地震使玉樹大部分地方幾分鐘內變成了一片廢墟，而且給人們帶來了巨大的損失。地震中約2600人死亡，12100人受傷，成千上萬的人無家可歸。世界似乎到了末日。地震之后，人們立刻組織救援工作。許多醫(yī)生和士兵參與救災工作。大量的受傷人員被及時送往醫(yī)院。全國共捐100億元左右?guī)椭駱淙嗣?。OnApril14,2010,1.____________________inQinghaiprovinceandpeople2.________________thenews.ItwasconsideredasoneofthemostterribledisastersinChinaafterTangShanearthquake.TheearthquakemademostareasinYushulie3.______________withinafewminutesandcaused4.________________andlosstothepeople.About2,600people5.________________duringtheearthquakeand12,100orsowereseriouslyinjured,6.______________becamehomeless.Itseemedthattheworld7.______________.Aftertheearthquake，rescuework8.________________andmanydoctorsandsoldierstookpartintherescuework，soagreatnumberofpeoplewere9.________________andsenttohospitalintime.About10billionwasdonatedtohelpthepeopleinYushu.Keys:1.aterribleearthquakehit/struckYushu2.wereshockedat3.inruins4.greatdamage5.losttheirlives6.thousandsofpeople7.wasatanend8.wasorganizedrightaway9.dugout二、語法填空AterribleearthquakehitthecityofTangshanonJuly28,1976,inwhichthousandsofpeoplediedandmany___1___(injure).Manyhousesfelldownandsandfilledthewells2ofwater.Peoplewere___3___(great)shocked.Alltheelectricityinthecitywascut4andpeoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Thewholecitywaspletely5(destroy)andtheworldseemed6itsend.ThepeopleofTangshandidn’tlosehope,because150,000soldiersweresenttohelptherescueworkers.___7___soldierstriedtheirbesttodigoutthose8weretrapped.Theyalsobuiltsheltersforthesurvivors.Slowly,thecitybegantoebacktolife.Itwassaidthatbeforethequake,strangethingswerehappeninginthecountryside.Thewaterinthevillage___9___(well)roseandfell.Fishjumpedoutoftheponds.Strangenoiseswereheardinthesky,butpeoplethoughtlittleof10.Keys:1.wereinjured 2.instead3.greatly 4.off5.destroyed 6.at7.The/These 8.who9.wells 10.them三、閱讀理解WhalesarethreatenedbyavarietyofhumanactivitiesofftheWestCoastoftheUnitedStates,includingfishing,shiptraffic,andpollution.Theyhavebadeffectsonwhalepopulations,butarerarelyaddressedbycurrentwhaleprotectionpoliciesinCalifornia,accordingtoastudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Thestudy,publishedforopenaccessthisweekinthejournalMarinePolicy,examinesthemaincausesofdeathforninewhalespeciesintheCaliforniaCurrentEcosystem,whichstretchesfromBritishColumbia,CanadatoBajaCalifornia,Mexico.Thewhalesconsideredinthestudyincludegray,blue,fin,minke,NorthPacificright,andkillerwhales.“Wefindthatitispeoplethatdeemfishingcauseswhaledeath,”saidcoleadingauthorElizaOldach.“Butanumberofhumanactivitieshavemadethemodernoceanareallytoughenvironmentforwhalestosurvive.We’reexcitedabouteffortsthatlookbroadlytorebuildhealthyoceans.”Thereportfoundthatmaincontributorstowhaledeatharecurrently,targetedwithrelevantpolicyresponses:noise,waterqualityandmarine(海洋的)rubbish.Butthreeotherthreatsnutritionalstress,diseaseandpredation(捕食)needtoalsobeconsideredtoprovideamorewholeapproachtowardmanagingwhaledeaths.“Graywhalesmigrate(遷徙)over5,000milesbetweentheirbreedinggroundsateitherendoftheCaliforniaCurrent,”saidcoleadingauthorHelenKilleen.“Throughouttheirjourney,theymustpassthroughalargenumberofhumanactivities,fightingwithchangestotheirenvironmentcausedbyclimatechange.”ThestudyesastheCaliforniaOceanProtectionCouncil(COPC)aimstodevelopaplanforachievingzerodeathforwhalesintheCaliforniaCurrentEcosystemthisyear.Achievingsuchagoalrequiresunderstandingthekeydriversofwhaledeathsa