英語(yǔ)-北京市海淀區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三年級(jí)上冊(cè)期中考試

海淀區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中練習(xí)

高三英語(yǔ)

2023.11

本試卷共10頁(yè)，100分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無(wú)

效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。

第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題海小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在

答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Onasunnyafternoon,AnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago's69thStreetstation.The20-year-old,

whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis1.

Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!

AsPenyandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe2movedthroughhisbody.

“Helphim!^^someonecried."Please,someone!”

Perrycouldn'tjuststandthereand3.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.

4allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahigh-

kneetechniquefromhishighschoolfootballdays.

Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim'swrist.5、hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshoot

throughhisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimehe

seizedtheman'swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy'sbodyawayfromthe6.

“Givehimchestcompressions!?,yelledanoldladyontheplatform.

Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman'sheartuntilthevictimregained7.

Then,first-aidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals8.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,he

climbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather's.

Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,9anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim'slife.Tomany,

Perry's10deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingcompassionoverpersonalsafety.

1.A.managerB.clientC.grandfatherD.aunt

2.A.currentB.oxygenC.waveD.blood

3.A.imagineB.watchC.shoutD.record

4.A.HopingB.AssumingC.ComplainingD.Recalling

5.A.InstantlyB.SlightlyC.NormallyD.Surprisingly

6.A.trainB.crowdsC.platformD.rails

7.A.strengthB.balanceC.consciousnessD.control

8.A.lookaheadB.takeoverC.getaroundD.keepaway

9.A.providingB.engagingC.assistingD.crediting

10.A.generousB.gratefulC.courageousD.faithful

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提

示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Iwasnotoriginallyattractedtonature.Forme,naturewasassociatedwiththefewminutesplayingsoccerin

the11(nice)cutgrass.ButinMichigan,naturepresentsitselfinmanyformssuchassleddingasfastasyou

candownthehillorswimminginoneofthefivegreatlakes.Theseexperiencesencouragedme12(explore)

oneoftherawformsofconnectingwithnature:camping.AlthoughI13(spend)alotoftimeoutside,Ihad

nevercampedorexperiencedallofwhatnatureoffers.

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

InMingDynasty,aclevercraftsmannamedZhangSijiarevolutionizedscissors.He14(combine)the

strengthofironforthehandleswithauniquesword-makingtechnique.15heatingandhammeringthe

edgeswithsteel,hecreatedbladesthatwereexceptionallystrongandsharp,16(make)dailytaskseasier.

Thesescissorsbecameakitchenessential,especiallyforcuttingthroughtoughitemslikechickenorfish.In1628,

hisson,ZhangXiaoquan,establishedhisnamesakecompany.

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

FiveBelgianfirmsplantosenda3D17（print）artificialhearttotheInternationalSpaceStationby

2025tobetterunderstandtheeffectsofageingandheartdiseasesinspace.Thedevice,whichisonlyafewsquare

millimetresinsize,18（use）inkmadeupofstemcellsandbiomaterialsthatcandevelopintoanycellinthe

body.Thesecellsorganizethemselvesintoadevelopingcardiacorganoid（心、臟類茗導(dǎo)官）,19willworkwith

theartificialcirculatorysystem.Theinnovativetechniquewouldfacilitate20（investigate）intoheart

diseasesandtrialsofsomepotentialmedicines.

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該

項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

HowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverest

Thisisn'tyourtypicalchildren'sbooknorisitanight-timeread:it'san

嚼action-packedadventurearoundtheworld.Youngadventurerswillstepinto

thefootprintsofthegreatestexplorers,usingtheirsensesastheirguides.

Author:LeisaSharpeThisbookimmersesitsyoungreadersinlifeintheworld'smost

Price:￡14.99fascinatinghabitats,countriesandcontinents,aswellasthoseonother

Release:Jun.13,2023planets.

TheUltimateRiddleGameForKids

Forreadersbetweentheagesof9and12,thisfunriddlebookcombines

logicchallenges,competitivecontestsandbraintraining.

Thefirstsectionconsistsofshort,snappyriddles,themathssection

requiresmentalarithmetic（算術(shù)），andforthestoriessectionyouwillneed

Author:ZKidstodiscoverallthepossiblehiddenmeanings.Buttrynottocheat.

Price:￡9.99Thebookismuchmorerewardingasthesectionsgetmorechallenging.

Release:Sep.25,2023Whenyoubegintounderstandthebestwaytoapproacheachriddletype,

yourconfidence,resilienceandscorearelikelytogrow.

There'sNoCreamInCreamSoda

Theonlydrinkhumansneediswater,butthebeverageindustryis

7

growinglargereveryyear.Thisbookexploresthehistoryoftheinventionof

drinks,beginningthousandsofyearsago,whenhumansfirstaddednatural

flavouringstotheirwaterasitboiledoverthefire.

Author:KimZachmanItshumorousandconversationalnarrativemeansthatyoudon'tknow

Price:￡12.99whatwillcomenext.Rangingfromcorescientificprocessestotheunlikely

Release:Dec.152023originstoriesofsomesodas,thisbookissuretohaveastorytofascinate

everykid.

21.ThebookHowDoesChocolateTasteonEveresthelpsreaders.

A.enjoynight-readingtime

B.knoworiginstoriesofchocolate

C.identifyhabitatsofsomeanimals

D.exploreplaceswithsensesasguides

22.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.thethreebooksareavailablebyOctober

B.readersneedcalculationskillsforBook#2

C.Book#3teachesreadershowtomakedrinks

D.Book#1hasapriceadvantageovertheothers

23.Thepassageisintendedto.

A.introducesomebooksonlearningsecrets

B.recommendsomepicturebookstoparents

C.encouragereaderstopurchasethesebooks

D.sharesometipsonchoosingsuitablebooks

B

Iwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic（義肢）device,adecision

madebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normaHy”.

Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthe

staresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8Ihadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwas

wearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn'tneedanyonetofix

me.

ToprovethatIwasn?tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.Iwas

selectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen'sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryfbreight

years.IrealizedI'dmadeanamefbrmyselfbecauseofmydisability.

Itaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021

byCovvi,acompanytryingtocreatetheworld'smostadvancedbionic（仿生的）hand,Iwasabitsurprised.They

askedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthe

betterofme.

WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,

usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.People

feareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.

Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheir

environmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealized

thattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,1decided

totrialthehand.

Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.ThroughsharingmyjourneyI'mabletoreachthousands

ofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That'swhyIwearabionichand——notbecause

I'mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.

24.Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause.

A.shewaslongingforfameB.sportsgaveherself-confidence

C.shewantedtodefeatherdisabilityD.herprostheticdeviceempoweredher

25.FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned.

A.morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimits

B.thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironment

C.socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunities

D.technologyshiftedpeople'sattitudestodisability

26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Intelligentandbrave.

B.Warm-heartedandpatient.

C.Responsibleandstrong-willed.

D.Independentandinnovative.

27.Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould.

A.maximizeone'sabilitiesbyembracingreality

B.buildone'ssocialcirclewithoptimism

C.sticktoone'sgoaltoachievesuccess

D.takeiteasyindifficultsituations

C

Demandingdaysseemdesignedtotestourself-control.Weallneedtorelyonwillpowertoavoidshort-term

temptationsandoverrideunwantedthoughtsorimpulses（沖動(dòng)）.Theprevailingpsychologicaltheoryproposedthat

willpowerresembledakindofbattery.Witheachexerciseofself-control,youexhaustedthisresource.Withouta

chancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainself-control.Thisprocesswasknownas”ego

depletion”.

In2010,however,psychologistVeronikaJobpublishedastudythatquestionedthefoundationsof"egodepletion^^

theory,withsomeinterestingevidencethategodepletiondependedonpeople'sunderlyingbeliefs.Inthestudy.Job

dividedparticipantsintotwocategories:thosewitha“l(fā)imited“viewofwillpowerandthosewitha“non-Hmited”

viewofwillpower,basedonapriorquestionnaire.Shethengavetheparticipantssomestandardlaboratorytests

examiningmentalfocus,whichwasconsideredtodependonthereservesofwillpower.Thestudyfoundthatpeople

withalimitedmindsettendedtoperformexactlyasegodepletiontheorywouldpredictbutthenon-limitedindividuals

didnot,whichindicatedthatpeople'sbeliefsaboutwillpowercouldbeself-fulfillingprophecies（預(yù)言）.Thosewho

believedwillpowerwaseasilydepletedsawtheirself-controldecrease,whilethosewhobelievedin“mentalstamina

（而寸力）“experiencednoegodepletion.

Subsequentdebatesaboutthereliabilityofthelaboratorytestsofegodepletionemerged,butJob'swork

demonstratedthatmindsetsignificantlyimpactedreal-lifeoutcomes.Herfollow-upstudyrevealedthatafter

completingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnon-limited

mindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextrapressure.

Ifyoualreadyhaveanon-limitedmindsetaboutwillpower,thesefindingsmightbeacauseforself-satisfaction.

Forthosewithlimitedmindsets,hopeisnotlost.Learningaboutthissciencecanhelpshiftbeliefs.Sharingthis

knowledgewithotherscanfurtherconsolidatethisshift.Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingintaxingyet

enjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople'sbeliefstowardnon-limitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheirownmentai

stamina.Toprovideyourselfwithfurtherevidence,youcanconductsmallself-controltests.Asyourealizeyour

willpower'sgrowth,you'llfindresistingtemptationsanddistractionseasier.

Whileimmediatemiraclesaren'tguaranteed,perseverancewillleadtoachangedmindsetandincreasedself-

control,propellingactionstowardpersonalgoals.

28.“Egodepletion^^theoryshowsthatwillpower.

A.helpscontrolourimpulsesB.reducesafterexercisingself-control

C.isatestofyourcharacterD.islikeachargeablebattery

29.WhatcanwelearnfromJob'stwostudies?

A.Extrapressureboostsmentalfocus.

B.Demandingtasksreducementalfocus.

C.Reservesofwillpowerdependonmentalfocus.

DThechangeofmentalfocusreliesonone'smindset.

30.Whichofthefollowingcanbuildnon-limitedmindsets?

A.Picturingyouridealuniversity.

B.DoinghomeworkinfrontofaTV.

C.Sharingscienceknowledgewithfriends.

D.Recallingmasteringachallengingpianopiece.

D

Climateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimate

changeortryingtopreventit.

DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarth

nowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseems

unavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinduce

largechangesintheclimate.

DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.Ouremissions

candropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lower

growthmeansitismorefeasible（可彳亍的）forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitless

environmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthan

wehadanticipated.

TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthat

adaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentire

extinctionofthehumanrace.

However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobal

warmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulated

couldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitation

wouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecome

morevolatile-includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.

Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueis

notwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpractical

terms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewilling

toacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfuland

ofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhuman

habitationacrosstheworld?

Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishunder

today'sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbe

feasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthandthus

slowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?

A.Thegovernment.B.Climateexperts.

C.DavidFrost.D.Theactivists.

32.Theunderlinedword“volatile“inParagraph5probablymeans.

A.changeableB.predictableC.bearableD.noticeable

33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat.

A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople'sadaptability

B.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatterns

C.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivities

D.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation

34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.

B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.

C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.

D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂

黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whichishealthier:abagofcrispsoravegetablesalad?Thatiseasy.Nowwhichishealthier:apizzamadefrom

scratchoronemadefromthesamebasicingredients,withthesamenumberofcalories,pulledoutofaboxinthe

freezer?Manypeoplewouldinstinctively（本能地）saytheformer,perhapsshowingavagueconcernwithprocessed

food.Suchfoodcanoftenbedelicious.Andthereismuchtocheeraboutcaloriesbeingcheapandabundant.

35

What'sthedistinctionbetween"ultra-processedfbod（upf）"and'"processedfbod"?Almosteverythingpeople

consumeisprocessedinsomeform.Riceisharvested;animalsarebutchered.Upfisusuallydescribedas

€4formulationsofingredients,madebyaseriesofindustrialprocesses,manyrequiringadvancedequipmentand

technology^^.36Theoneinthefreezer,withitsextra,modifiedingredients,isupf.

Upfharmspeopleinwaysbothknownandunknown.Itseemstoaffectthetrillionsofbacteriathatcontribute

tohealthinarangeofways.Calorie-richbutusuallynutrient-poor,upfcontributestoobesity（肥胖癥）.

Upfdisplaceshealthieralternatives,particularlyforpoorpeople.37Extraweightwasonceasignof

wealth,butamongBritishandAmericanwomentoday,obesityratesarehigheratlower-incomelevels.

38Additivesthatmaybesafeinsmallquantitiesmaybeharmfulincombinationwithotherchemicals

orwhenconsumedregularly.Ifwearewhatweeatconsideringtheimpactofupfisessential.

39Peoplewholiveinso-called"foodswamps”,whereupfiseverywherebutrealfoodisharderto

reach,couldspendlargeamountsoftimeandmoneyseekingoutfreshfood,butthatisnothowmostpeoplelive.

Thereisnothingwrongwiththeoddfast-foodtrip,butanyonewhocanaffordtoeatlessupfprobablyshould.

A.Environmentmatters,too.

B.It'scheaptoproduceandbuy.

C.Butthatcheapnessandabundancecomeatacost.

D.Evenfoodslabeled“natural"or“organic“canbeprocessed.

E.Apizzamadefromscratchcontainsminimallyprocessedfood.

F.Somepeoplehaveaparticularweaknessforsaltypotatocrisps.

G.Thereasonswhyupfcanbeharmfularenotalwaysclear,eventoscientists.

第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}紙指定區(qū)域作答.

Ifyoufeellikeyoumaybeapeople-pleaser,you'renotalone.Intoday'shighly-connectedworld,wehavea

growingobsession（癡迷）withbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.Peopleseektopleaseothersforvarious

reasons,includingavoidingconflicts,securingfeelingsofbeingneeded,andreducingfearsofabandonment.And

theyareforcedtouseagreeablenessasself-defense.

People-pleasingbehaviorcanleadtomentalandphysicalhealthproblemssuchasfearofrejection,frustration,

anger,addictions,headaches,stomachproblems,andhighbloodpressure.Itcanalsoresultinweakboundaries,

problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.Therefore,ifsimportanttorecognizeandovercomeyourown

people-pleasingbehaviors.Herearesomesimpleexercisesthatyoucanstartworkingontoday.

Learntoloveyourowncompany.Trustthatpeoplewillnotabandonyou,evenifyoudon'tdropeverythingfbr

them.Believingyouarelovableforwhoyouare,notwhatyoudo,meansknowingthatpeoplewillstillbetherefor

youevenifyoudonotalwayssearchforwaystopleasethem.Practicethisbygoingtoamovieorrestaurantalone.

Valuetheplansmadewithyourself.Theyareasimportantasplansyoumakewithotherpeople.Otherwise,you

aresendingamessagetoyourbrainthataplanyoumakewithyourselfdoesnotholdasmuchvalue.Don'tbreak

long-orshort-termplansyoumakewithyourselfwhetherit'sgoingtothegymorstudyingfbranexam.

Say“no"whennecessary.Ifyou'reapeople-pleaser,youmayfindithardtosay"no”becauseyoufeelitcomes

acrossascrueloruncaring.Butitabsolutelydoesnothaveto.Beclear,bedirect,anduse"I"statements.Try

statementslike:"Iwouldreallylovetobeabletohelpyou,butunfortunately,I'malreadycommittedatthat

Byconsistentlyintegratingthesestrategiesintoyourlife,you'llbreakyourpeople-pleasinghabitsanddevelopmore

healthy,interdependentrelationships.

40.Whatisapeople-pleaserlike?

41.Bes