浙江省2023年高三年級《英語》上學期聯(lián)考試題以及參考答案

浙江省湖州市2023年高三《英語》上學期聯(lián)考試題與參考答案第一部分：聽力第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdidRubydo?A.ShehidOwen’shatinashelf.B.ShereturnedthehattoOwen.C.ShestoppedplayingwithOwen.【答案】A【原文】M:Mom,helpme.Rubytookmyfavoritehatandhiditinashelfsomewhereinthehouse.W:HeyRuby.PlaynicelywithOwenorI’llhavetosplityoutwoup.2.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?A.Borrowabook. B.Buyacar. C.Rentclothes.【答案】C【原文】W:I’mlookingforaplacetorentasuit.MyhusbandandIhavesomeweddingstoattendinthearea,soI’mlookingtorentforoneortwomonths.M:There’sashopbesidethecarrentalagency.There’salsooneoppositethebookshop.3.Whereprobablyarethespeakers?A.Inthestreet. B.Inthepoliceoffice. C.Inthedoctor’soffice.【答案】A【原文】W:Somebodyhelp!Thatindividualtookmybagandisrunningaway!Cananyonerunafterhim?M:Areyouhurt,Madam?Donotworry.I’llcatchhim.4.Whatisthedecorationstyleoftheman’shouse?ATraditional. B.Ancient. C.Modern.【答案】C【原文】W:Oh,Ilikeyourhouse.Thisisthelateststyleofdecoration,isn’tit?Veryup-to-date.M:Yes,Iappreciatetraditionalhomes,butthatstylewouldn’tworkinaplacelikethis.W:Yes,you’reright.It’smoresuitedtohistoricplaces.5.Whatismostlikelythewoman’sjob?A.Adeliveryperson. B.Arestaurantowner. C.Asupermarketmanager.【答案】B【原文】W:Wemainlypreparetake-awayburgersandsandwiches,butwe’regettingrequeststomakelargerandmorediversemeals.M:Great,I’llhelpexpandyourmenu.Iamgoodatit.Iusedtoworkatafancyrestaurant.W:Thanks.Thenwecanbuysomefreshingredientsinthenearbysupermarket.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whowasthelastpieceofcakefor?A.Theman. B.Thewoman. C.Grandma.7.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Anxious. B.Annoyed. C.Ashamed.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】M:Thatcakewasdelicious.Howcomeyounevermadeonelikethatbefore?W:Youdidn’teatthelastpiece,didyou?M:Yes.DidIdosomethingwrong?W:Youcertainlydid.IwassavingthatpieceforGrandma.ItwasherfavouritetypeofcakeandImadeitespeciallyforher.M:Ohno,I’msosorry.Ihadnoidea.W:I’lljusthavetomakeanotheroneforher.Luckily,itisnothardtodo.M:Ifeelterrible.Iwouldn’thavetoucheditifI’dknown.W:It’salwaysbesttoaskbeforegoingaheadandeatingsomething.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whyisthemanintrouble?A.Hisphoneisoutofbattery.B.He’sneverbeentothecitybefore.C.He’slateforanimportantmeeting.9.Wherewillthemanprobablygofirst?A.Toahotel. B.Tothepostoffice. C.Tothecitylibrary.10.Howmanystopsintotalwillthemantakeonthetrain?A.Three. B.Four. C.Eight.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【原文】W:Allright,Jim.Sinceyourphoneisdead,youwon’thaveaccesstoyourmaps.So,I’llgiveyoudirectionstohelpyougetbacktothehotel.M:I’veonlybeenhereacoupleoftimes—Idon’tknowmywayaround!Plus,Istillneedtogotothepostofficenow.CanIpleaseborrowyourphone?W:Sorry,Jim.I’llneeditforwork.Butdon’tworry,thedirectionsaresimple.Walkoutofmybuildingandturnleft.Thepostofficeisthreestreetsdown—it’soppositethecitylibrary.M:That’seasyenough.Where’sthemetrostation?W:You’llseeitonthecornerofthestreet.GetontheD-LinetrainandtakeitfourstopstoTimesSquareStation.M:Andthen?W:ChangetolineEthereandgofourmorestopsfurther.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whyshopsareathingofthepast.B.Howshopssurviveinthemodernworld.C.Whyshoppingonlineisbetterforpeople.12.WherecanthespeakershearlivemusiconSaturday?A.Atthebank. B.Atthebookshop. C.Atschool.13.Whereisthesportsstorelocated?A.Nexttotheschool. B.Oppositethegym. C.Acrossfromtheclothingstore.【答案】11.B12.B13.A【原文】M:Shopownershavetofindnewwaystoworkinthemodernworld.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Well,alotofpeopleareworkingfromhome,sotherearelesspeoplecomingintotheirstores.W:Soshopsneedtocreateanonlinewebsiteandstore.M:Exactly.Doyouknowwhatelsecanbedone?W:Ihavenoidea.M:Well,somepeoplearechangingtheirstorestootherpurposes.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Likethebookshopnearthebank.Itnowhasacafeinside.Andatweekends,theyhavelivemusic.W:Soithasanumberofdifferentpurposes.M:Exactly.W:Whathappensifashopcan’tservemorethanonepurpose?Likeastorethatsellsclothes?M:Theyjustneedtothinkoutsidethebox.Thesportsstoreneartheschoolhasnowopenedagymonthesecondfloor.W:That’ssmart,sopeoplebuysportswearandequipmentandthenuseit.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Whendidthemanhavethedreamhedescribes?A.OnWednesday. B.OnTuesday. C.OnMonday.15.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers. B.Classmates. C.Relatives.16.Whatdoesthewomanhopetodoforaliving?A.Beanastronaut. B.Beateacher. C.Beascientist.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【原文】W:Haveyoueverhaddreamsthatyoucanremember?M:Yes.It’sfunnyyoushouldmentionthat.MostnightsIdreamaboutfootball.That’swhatIdreamedaboutthisMondayandTuesday—butonWednesdayitwassomethingcompletelydifferent.W:Whatwasthat?M:IdreamedIwasanastronaut,landingonMars.W:Thatmusthavebeenfun.M:Itwas,butitwasalsoscary.Ihadtodependonallthetechnologycreatedbyscientistsandcomputerpeople.Ihadtotrustthem,becausemylifedependedonit.W:Anddidyou?M:Yes,that’swhyIwasthereonMars—butitwassomethingIhadneverthoughtofbefore.Ihadtobesuretheyhaddonetheirjobsproperly.W:Wehaveasciencelessonthismorning.Youcantelltheteacheraboutyourdream.M:Maybe.NowIcan’tstopthinkingwhatanimportantjobscientistsdo.W:That’swhatIwanttodoforaliving.Isupposeyouwanttobeanastronaut,doyou?M:IdidbeforeIhadthatdream.NowI’mnotsosure.Itwascertainlyexciting,anditfeltveryreal.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.Whathavescientistsfound?A.Peoplearekind. B.Goodnessisimportant. C.Kindnesscanbeinfected.18.Howmanystudentshelpedwiththeresearch?A.104. B.114. C.140.19.Whatwerethestudentsrequiredtodointheexperiment?A.Watchvideos. B.Doheroicacts. C.Actinacomedy.20.HowdidDr.SarinaSaturndescribethebrainpatternsshesaw?A.Disappointing. B.Common. C.Unusual.【答案】17C18.A19.A20.C【原文】W:Weallknowthatseeingsomeoneperformanactofkindnesscanwarmyourheart.Itisafeelingmostpeoplehave.Butnowscientistshaveprovedthatkindnessreallyisinfectious.Hereiswhatwasdone.Scientistsfirstfound104collegestudents.Theywerethenaskedtowatchvideos.Thesevideosshowedeitherheroicactsofkindnessorhumoroussituations.Theirbrainactivityandheartratesweremeasuredduringtheexperiment.Theresearchersgottheresults.Whenthestudentswereviewingtheheroicacts,activityinthenervoussystemreachedtothehighestlevel.Whentheywerewatchingtheamusingvideos,therewerenochangesintheirbrain.“Thisisareallyuncommonpattern,”saidDr.SarinaSaturn,apsychologistatOregonStateUniversity.Thismaybebecauseviewingagoodactionrequiresustowitnesssuffering,whichbringsastressresponseandmakesthesympatheticnervoussystembecomeactive.Then,onceweseethesufferingreducedthroughanactofkindness,ourheartfeelscalmedandtheparasympathetic(副交感的)nervoussystembecomesactive.第二部分：閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑，ABACKTOSCHOOLBOOKGUIDEGoingbacktoschoolcaninvolvelotsofnewthings,includinguniforms,topics,teachers,andfriends.Sowhynottrysomenewbooksaswellandmaybefindyournewfavouriteauthortoo.Whetheryouwanttolearnaboutprotectingwildlife,discoversomeamazingweatherfacts,ordiveintoanaction-packedspymission,thisbacktoschoolbookguidehassomethingforyou.Clickheretogetadiscount.WhiletheStormRagesbyPhilEarleAturningadventuretomakeyoulaughandcry.NoahandhisfriendsfighttosaveanimalsfrombeingputdownattheoutbreakofWWII.AnexcitingwartimenovelthatpacksanemotionalpunchfromthebestsellingauthorofWhentheSkyFalls.Grimwood:LettheFurFly!Written&illustratedbyNadiaShireenAfunnyandsillynewGrimwoodadventure!FoxcubsiblingsTedandNancylovetheirnewlifeinGrimwood.ButthecruelmayorofTwinklenutsisonamissiontotakeitoverandkickeveryoneout.CanGrimwood’streebonkingskillssavethehometheylove?Amust-readforDogManandDavidWalliamsfans.AliceEclair,SpyExtraordinaire!bySarahToddTaylorBakerbyday,spybynight—AliceEclairleadsanexcitingdoublelife!AmysteriousmessagesendsAliceonamissionaboardFrance’smostfascinatingtrain.Shemustuncoveranenemyagentwhilebakingdesserts,armedonlywithherwhisk,wits,andwilltosucceed.Weather,Camera,ActionbyLiamDuttonDiscoverhurricanes,duststorms,volcaniclighteningandmore,allthroughthecameralensofTVweatherpresenterandworld-famousmeteorologist(氣象學家)LiamDutton.Thisadventurethroughtheatmosphereshowsoffthesplendorofourskiesintheirwildestandmostdramaticstatesanduncoversthesciencebehindweatherevents.21.Whichofthebooksmightinterestanimalprotectorsmost?A.WhiletheStormRages. B.Grimwood:LettheFurFly!C.AliceEclair,SpyExtraordinaire! D.Weather,Camera,Action.22.WhatmightbeincludedinthebookWeather,Camera,Action?A.Howtheatmospherewasformed. B.Whattheskylookslikeinstorms.C.Howtobeafamousmeteorologist. D.Whattopresentinaweatherforecast.23.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Awebsite. B.Abrochure.C.Amagazine. D.Aguidebook.【答案】21.A22.B23.A【21題詳解】推理判斷題。根據“WhiletheStormRages”下的詳細介紹的第二句“NoahandhisfriendsfighttosaveanimalsfrombeingputdownattheoutbreakofWWII.(Noah和他的朋友們在二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)時為拯救動物而戰(zhàn)。)”可知這本書講述了保護動物的故事，所以這本書可能是動物保護者最感興趣的書。故選A?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據“Weather,Camera,Action”詳細介紹中的第二句“Discoverhurricanes,duststorms,volcaniclighteningandmore,allthroughthecameralensofTVweatherpresenterandworld-famousmeteorologist(氣象學家)LiamDutton.Thisadventurethroughtheatmosphereshowsoffthesplendorofourskiesintheirwildestandmostdramaticstatesanduncoversthesciencebehindweatherevents.(通過電視天氣節(jié)目主持人、世界著名氣象學家LiamDutton的鏡頭，探索颶風、沙塵暴、火山閃電等。這次穿越大氣層的冒險展示了我們的天空在它們最狂野和最戲劇性的狀態(tài)下的壯麗，并揭示了天氣事件背后的科學。)”可知這本書展現(xiàn)了各種天氣狀態(tài)下的天空，并揭示了各種天氣事件后的科學，所以B選項“Whattheskylookslikeinstorms.(暴風雨中的天空是什么樣子的。)”在書中可能會看到。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段的最后一句“Clickheretogetadiscount.(點擊這里獲得折扣。)”可知這篇文章來自網站。故選A。BBornonherfamily’sfarminRay,NorthDakota,MaryShermanMorganhadbeenhelpingherfatherwithfarmworkbeforeshecouldattendthesmall-townschoolhouse.Beingafewyearsbehinddidn’tholdherbackandshegraduatedfromhighschoolwithhonors.Awareofherintelligence,sheranawayfromRaytoattendMinotStateUniversityasachemistrymajor,whereherskillwasevident.TheoutbreakofWorldWarIIresultedinanationalshortageofchemistsandscientists.Inspiteofthefactthatshewasstillastudentandawoman,shewasofferedajobasachemicalanalystduetohertalents,producingexplosives(爆炸物)forthewartimeeffort.SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.Afterthewarendedtherewasafallindemandforexplosives,soshemadeamovetothefieldofaeronautics,movingtoCaliforniatoworkforNAA(NorthAmericanAviation).Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropellants(推進劑)anddesigningspecialityfuelstoworkwithdifferentengines.However,neverhavingreturnedtocompleteherdegree,shewasnotaffordedtherankorhigherpayofanengineer,eventhoughshehadalltheskillsandknowledgeofone.HerexperiencewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnicalleadontheproject.Nationalpridewasontheline,soMorgansetaboutinvestigatingfuels.Aftercountlesstrails,shefinallydesignedherownmixture,whichwasnamedHydyne.HydynetestedwellwiththeRedstonemissilesandsubsequentlyotheraircraft(飛行器),suchasJupiter-Crockets,provingtobeaquicksolutiontogettingtospacewithoutatotalrocketredesign.ThefuelmadethefirstsuccessfulUSsatellitelaunchpossible,evenifMorgansilentlyslippedawayfromhersuccess,retiringtofocusonherfamilyandleavingherchemistrycareerbehind.24.WhatdoweknowaboutMary?ASheattendedschoolwhilehelpingwithfarmwork.B.Shewasofferedajobasachemistryanalystaftergraduation.C.Sheshiftedherworkingfocusasthedomesticdemandchanged.D.ShelaunchedthefirstUSsatellitebeforeretiringfromhercareer.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aeronautics”probablymean?A.Analyzingchemicals. B.Producingexplosives.C.Mixingandsavingfuels. D.Designingandbuildingaircraft.26.WhatmadeMarythetechnicalleadontheprojectofNAA?A.HerdiscoveryofHydyne. B.Herrankasanengineer.C.Herspecialknowledgeinfuels. D.Hersenseofnationalpride.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMaryShermanMorgan?A.Caringanddetermined. B.Courageousandcreative.C.Intelligentbutsensitive. D.Accomplishedbutproud.【答案】24.C25.D26.C27.B【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“TheoutbreakofWorldWarIIresultedinanationalshortageofchemistsandscientists.Inspiteofthefactthatshewasstillastudentandawoman,shewasofferedajobasachemicalanalystduetohertalents,producingexplosives(爆炸物)forthewartimeeffort.SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.(第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)導致全國化學家和科學家短缺。盡管她仍然是一名學生而且是一名女性，但由于她的才能，她獲得了一份化學分析師工作，為戰(zhàn)時生產炸藥。她暫時擱置了學位，搬到了俄亥俄州，從事分析不穩(wěn)定化學物質以生產武器的危險工作。”以及第四段的第一、二句“HerexperiencewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnicalleadontheproject.Nationalpridewasontheline,soMorgansetaboutinvestigatingfuels.(她在推進劑方面的經驗意味著，當NAA的任務是找到一種能夠將重新設計的Redstone導彈送入太空的燃料時，莫根被任命為該項目的技術負責人。民族自豪感岌岌可危，于是摩根著手研究燃料。)”可知Mary工作重心是隨著國內需求的變化而轉移。故選C?！?5題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據第三段“Afterthewarendedtherewasafallindemandforexplosives,soshemadeamovetothefieldofaeronautics,movingtoCaliforniatoworkforNAA(NorthAmericanAviation).Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropellants(推進劑)anddesigningspecialityfuelstoworkwithdifferentengines.(戰(zhàn)爭結束后，對炸藥的需求下降了，所以她轉到aeronautics領域，到加利福尼亞為北美航空公司工作。作為900名工程師中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一個涉及計算火箭推進劑性能和設計用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的職位。)”以及最后一段第一句“HydynetestedwellwiththeRedstonemissilesandsubsequentlyotheraircraft(飛行器),suchasJupiter-Crockets,provingtobeaquicksolutiontogettingtospacewithoutatotalrocketredesign.(Hydyne在Redstone導彈和隨后的其他飛行器上測試良好，如Jupiter-C火箭，證明是一個快速進入太空的解決方案，而無需全面重新設計火箭。)”可知MaryShermanMorgan進入的是航空航天領域，所以D選項“Designingandbuildingaircraft(設計和制造航天器)”符合詞義。故選D?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第二句“Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropellants(推進劑)anddesigningspecialityfuelstoworkwithdifferentengines.(作為900名工程師中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一個涉及計算火箭推進劑性能和設計用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的職位。)”和第四段第一句“HerexperiencewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnicalleadontheproject.(她在推進劑方面的經驗意味著，當NAA的任務是找到一種能夠將重新設計的Redstone導彈送入太空的燃料時，莫根被任命為該項目的技術負責人。)”可知是在燃料方面的專業(yè)知識讓Mary成為NAA項目的技術負責人。故選C?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段的最后一句“SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.(她暫時擱置了學位，搬到了俄亥俄州，從事分析不穩(wěn)定化學物質以生產武器的危險工作。)”和第四段的最后一句“Aftercountlesstrails,shefinallydesignedherownmixture,whichwasnamedHydyne.(經過無數次的嘗試，她終于設計了自己的混合物，并命名為Hydyne。)”可知Mary勇敢且具有創(chuàng)造性。故選B。CScientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.Thisdiscoveryhaschangedwhatweknowofhumanhistory.Theskull,whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”,isfromanape-likehumanrelativefromaspeciescalledAustralopithecusafricanus(南方古猿).ItwasfoundnearJohannesburgin1947and,basedonevidencefromitssurroundings,wasthoughttobebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsold.Thispuzzledscientists,becausealthoughMrsPleslookslikeapossibleearlyancestorofearlyhumans,thefirsttruehumanshadalreadyevolvedbythetimesheapparentlylived.Forthisreason,scientistshaddecidedthatAustralopithecusafarensis,asimilarspeciesfromEastAfricathatlivedabout3.5millionyearsago,wasourmostlikelyancestorinstead.TogetamoreaccurateageforMrsPles,ateamledbyProfessorDarrylGrangerofPurdueUniversityinIndiana,US,usedanewmethodtodatethesandyrockswheretheskulllay.Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks,whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicrays(宇宙射線)onEarth’ssurface.Oncerocksareburied,thesechemicalsstopformingandslowlydisappear;thesurvivingamountrevealshowmuchtimehaspassedsincetherock(orbones)wereonthesurface.ThenewstudyshowsthatMrsPlesandotheraustralopithecinebonesnearbyarebetween3.4and3.7millionyearsold.ThismeanstheylivedatthesametimeastheirEastAfricanrelatives,sothateithergroupcouldhavegivenrisetomodernhumans.However,teammemberDrLaurentBruxellespointedoutthatovermillionsofyears,atonly2,500milesaway,thesegroupshadplentyoftimetotravelandtobreedwitheachother.Inotherwords,thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet,hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.28.WhatcanwelearnaboutMrsPlesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.ItisaskullfoundinEastAfrica.B.Itisthemostpossibleancestorofhumans.C.Itisamillionyearsolderthanscientistsexpected.D.Itisprovedtolivebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsago.29.Howdidscientistsgettheaccurateageof“MrsPles”?A.Bystudyingtheeffectofcosmicrays.B.Bycalculatingtheformingrateofchemicals.C.Bylocatingthesandyrockswheretheskulllay.D.Bymeasuringthesurvivingamountofchemicals.30.Whatcanweinferfromthenewstudy?A.ModernhumanscameintobeinginEastAfrica.B.MrsPlestravelledandhadchildrenwithEastAfricanrelatives.C.Thehistoryofmodernhumansmightbegin3.5millionyearsago.D.Ape-likespeciesfromAfricacouldhaveinteractedwitheachother.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HistoricalPuzzleUnsolved B.AncestorMysterySolvedC.MrsPles:TheEarliestHumanBeing D.MrsPles:AFamousSkull【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是科學家們解開了一個關于現(xiàn)代人的謎題，研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個著名的人類祖先頭骨比專家們認為的要早100萬年。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)改變了我們對人類歷史的認識。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.(科學家們解開了一個關于現(xiàn)代人的謎題，研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個著名的人類祖先頭骨比專家們認為的要早100萬年)”和第二段的“Theskull,whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”(這個被科學家命名為“Ples夫人”的頭骨)”可知，“Ples夫人”比科學家預期的要早100萬年。故選C?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的“Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks,whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicraysonEarth’ssurface.(他們測量了巖石中某些化學物質的含量，當它們暴露在地球表面的宇宙射線中時，這些化學物質會以穩(wěn)定的速度形成)”可知，科學家通過測量化學物質的含量來得到“Ples夫人”的準確年齡。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“Inotherwords,thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet,hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.(換句話說，這兩個群體很容易相遇，一起生兒育女，都是現(xiàn)代人類歷史的一部分)”可知，我們能從這項新研究中推斷出來自非洲的類人猿物種可能相互交流。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.(科學家們解開了一個關于現(xiàn)代人的謎題，研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個著名的人類祖先頭骨比專家們認為的要早100萬年)”可知，本文主要講的是科學家們解開了一個關于現(xiàn)代人的謎題，研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個著名的人類祖先頭骨比專家們認為的要早100萬年，因此最好的題目是B選項“AncestorMysterySolved(祖先之謎已解)”。故選B。DHaveyoueverwalkedthroughadoorandthoughttoyourself,“WhatwasIgoingtodo?”Ifyouhave,youarenotalone.Psychologistsbelievethatwalkingthroughadoorandenteringanotherroomcreatesa“mentalblock”inthebrain.Thisisgenerallyreferredtoasthedoorwayeffect.Intheearlyyearsofbrainresearch,scientiststhoughtthathumanmemorywaslikeacloset,withmanysectionsinwhichwecouldstorelittleboxesofexperiencesfromourlives.Boxeswouldremainthereforever,andwheneverwehadtolookintothem,wecouldjustgotothatparticularsectionandfindthatboxofmemory.Beautifulasthisdescriptionofhumanmemoryformationsounds,itisnottrue.Ourbrainismuchmorecomplexthanthat.Psychologicalstudiessuggestthatourmemoriesareepisodic(情節(jié)性的)ingeneral.Ifyouthinkbackonanything,you’llprobablyquicklyrealizeourmemoriesdon’tfunctionasclearnarratives.Instead,they’remoreepisodicanddividedintoparts.AnewresearchledbypsychologistOliverBaumannfromBondUniversityinAustraliasuggeststhatit’snotsomuchthedoorwaysthatcauseamemorywipe,asmovingfromonelocationtoasignificantlydifferentone—it’stheabruptchangeofscenethatpreparesourmindsforsomethingnew.“Agoodexampleismovingaroundinadepartmentstore,”saysBaumann,“Takingtheelevatorbetweenfloorsmayhavenoeffectonourmemory,butmovingfromthestoretotheparkinglotmightcauseustoforgetsomethingthatweneedtobuy.”Baumannalsopointsoutthatabusyandperhapsoverloadedbraindoesseemtoplaysomepartinthisphenomenon.Inotherwords,walkingthroughopendoorsisthoughttoresetmemorytomakeroomforanewepisode.Thegoodnewsisthatexperiencingsuchforgettableepisodesafterenteringanotherroomdoesnottellyouanythingaboutyourmemoryandintelligence.Sowhenyouenteraroomandsuddenlyforgetwhyyouarethere,youshouldnotthinkthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseiscreepinguponyou!32.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybe“doorwayeffect”?A.Youmissedacallandforgottoringback.B.Youreadabookandforgetwhatitisabout.C.Youenteredtheofficeandforgotwhattoget.DYousawamanyearsagoandforgetwhoheisnow.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Allmemoriesarelinkedinthebrain.B.Memoriesareclearlyseparatedinthebrain.C.Notallthememoriescanbefoundinthebrain.D.Memoriesarestoredinparticularsectionsofthebrain.34.WhatcanweinferfromBaumann’sresearch?A.Takinganelevatorstimulatesnewmemory.B.Walkingthroughopendoorsresultsinmemoryloss.C.Asuddenchangeofthesceneboostsintelligencedevelopment.D.Anoverloadedbrainincreasesthepossibilityofdoorwayeffect.35.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“doorwayeffect”?A.Insignificant. B.Beneficial.C.Influential. D.Damaging.【答案】32.C33.C34.D35.A【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了門口效應（doorwayeffect）以及其產生的原因。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Haveyoueverwalkedthroughadoorandthoughttoyourself,‘WhatwasIgoingtodo?’Ifyouhave,youarenotalone.Psychologistsbelievethatwalkingthroughadoorandenteringanotherroomcreatesa‘mentalblock’inthebrain.Thisisgenerallyreferredtoasthedoorwayeffect.(你有沒有穿過一扇門，心中在想：‘我是要去干什么？’如果你有，你并不孤單。心理學家認為，穿過一扇門進入另一個房間會在大腦中造成‘精神障礙’。這通常被稱為門口效應)”可知，進入一個房間忘記自己要做的事情被稱作門口效應。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Intheearlyyearsofbrainresearch,scientiststhoughtthathumanmemorywaslikeacloset,withmanysectionsinwhichwecouldstorelittleboxesofexperiencesfromourlives.Boxeswouldremainthereforever,andwheneverwehadtolookintothem,wecouldjustgotothatparticularsectionandfindthatboxofmemory.(在早期的大腦研究中，科學家們認為人類的記憶就像一個壁櫥，有很多區(qū)域，我們可以在其中存儲我們生活中的經歷。盒子會永遠留在那里，每當我們需要查看它們的時候，我們就可以去那個特定的區(qū)域，找到那個記憶盒子)”以及第三段中的“Beautifulasthisdescriptionofhumanmemoryformationsounds,itisnottrue.Ourbrainismuchmorecomplexthanthat.Psychologicalstudiessuggestthatourmemoriesareepisodic(情節(jié)性的)ingeneral.Ifyouthinkbackonanything,you’llprobablyquicklyrealizeourmemoriesdon’tfunctionasclearnarratives.Instead,they’remoreepisodicanddividedintoparts.(這個關于人類記憶形成的描述聽起來很美，但它是不真實的。我們的大腦比這復雜的多。心理學研究表明，我們的記憶通常是情節(jié)性的。如果你回想什么事情，你可能很快就會意識到我們的記憶并不是清晰的敘事。相反，它們更有情節(jié)性，被分成了多個部分)”可知，并不是所有的記憶都是可以在大腦中找到的。故選C?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段第一句“Baumannalsopointsoutthatabusyandperhapsoverloadedbraindoesseemtoplaysomepartinthisphenomenon.(Baumann還指出，一個忙碌且可能超負荷的大腦似乎確實在這種現(xiàn)象中發(fā)揮了一些作用)”可知，超負荷的大腦會增加門口效應的可能性。故選D。【35題詳解】推理判斷題，根據最后一段“Thegoodnewsisthatexperiencingsuchforgettableepisodesafterenteringanotherroomdoesnottellyouanythingaboutyourmemoryandintelligence.Sowhenyouenteraroomandsuddenlyforgetwhyyouarethere,youshouldnotthinkthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseiscreepinguponyou!(好消息是，在進入另一個房間后經歷這種遺忘的插曲不會告訴你任何關于你的記憶力和智力的事情。所以，當你走進一個房間，突然忘記了自己為什么在那里時，你不應該認為阿爾茨海默病正在悄悄靠近你！)”可知出現(xiàn)門口效應并不表示記憶力或智力出現(xiàn)問題，沒有什么影響。故選A。第二節(jié)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtostopglassesfoggingupwithafacemaskWearingamaskkeepsyousafeduringthepandemic,butitcomewithitsownsetofchallenges.And,oneofthebiggestdrawbacksofwearingamaskishowmuchyourglassesfogupandaffectyourvision.Takingoffyourglassestowipethemcleaneachtimeitfogsupisnotonlyfrustrating,butitcanalsoincreasetheriskofinfection.___36___Herearesometrickstostopit.Twistyourmaskstrings.Fromtheside,onceyoutwistit,thestringswilllooklikethefigureeight.Thisisgreatforstoppingfoggingbecauseitredirectsyourbreathbyputtingslightdownwardpressureonthetoppartofthemask.___37___Thismayleaveyouinfectedbyvirus.___38___Ifyouwashyourglasseswithsoap,thiscreatesathinfilmonyourlenseswhichlimitsfogging.Useafragrance-freesoapandmixitwithwarmwater.Putyourglassesinitandletitairdry.Whenyouwearyourglassesnext,soapmoleculesonyourlensesshouldblockfogging.Usetissues