高考英語閱讀方法：記敘文

高考英語閱讀方法：記敘文

高考英語閱讀方法：記敘文

導(dǎo)語：記敘文講解并描述的是發(fā)生在當(dāng)前或過去或?qū)硎虑榈慕?jīng)過。下面就由為大家介紹高考英語閱讀方法：記敘文，大家一起去學(xué)習(xí)吧！

不同體裁文章的閱讀方法

不同體裁的文章，的寫作手法不同，表達(dá)的方式千差萬別。體裁不同，要求運用的`閱讀方法也不一樣。因此，駕馭不同體裁的文章的閱讀方法有助于我們提高閱讀效率、加深對文章的理解、提高閱讀速度。下面分別談?wù)動洈⑽?、說明文、爭論文、應(yīng)用文的閱讀方法和技巧。

記敘文的閱讀方法

記敘文講解并描述的是發(fā)生在當(dāng)前或過去或?qū)硎虑榈慕?jīng)過。簡而言之，記敘文就是講故事，包括人物或故事情節(jié)。常見的記敘文依據(jù)其用途可分為文學(xué)記敘文和說明記敘文：文學(xué)記敘文以虛構(gòu)為主，如趣聞逸事、傳聞、寓言、傳奇故事、短篇小說、科幻小說等；說明記敘文以事實為依據(jù)，包括歷史、傳記、新聞報道、日記等。無論哪一種記敘文都要交代何人何時何地為什么、怎么樣、干了何事等等，這也就是我們常說的“5Wsand1H”。這是我們在閱讀記敘文時要首先了解的，接著依據(jù)線索弄清事情的來龍去脈，就能理解整個故事。

特殊值得留意的是：記敘文的敘事依次有順敘和倒敘兩種，有時候為了吸引讀者會接受倒敘的方法，即不依據(jù)事情進(jìn)展的先后依次來敘述，而是從最重要、最能引人入勝的事務(wù)起先，然后再回過頭來追敘故事的開端和經(jīng)過。閱讀時要學(xué)會從事情本身的進(jìn)展去理解故事情節(jié)而不要只看事務(wù)在文中出現(xiàn)的先后位置。

另外，講故事必定有其目的：或證明某一理論，或闡明某一概念，或贊美某種美德，或指責(zé)某種罪惡等等。我們在閱讀時要通過的重要細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)描寫聯(lián)系故事情節(jié)去領(lǐng)悟的意圖，對重墨潑就的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)描寫要重點關(guān)注。

概括起來一句話：讀記敘文的關(guān)鍵是抓情節(jié)。抓住了故事情節(jié)，就理解了文章的脈絡(luò)，其他的就迎刃而解了。

下面請閱讀一篇記敘文，看看你能不能抓住故事的主要情節(jié)。

（05浙江卷A篇）

Compassionisadesirewithinustohelpothers．Witheffort,wecantranslatecompassionintoaction．Anexperiencelastweekendshowedmethisistrue．Iworkpart-timeinasupermarketacrossfromabuildingfortheelderly．Theseoldpeopleareourmaincustomers,andit’snothardtolosepatienceovertheirslowness．ButlastSunday,oneagedgentlemanappearedtoteachmeavaluablelesson．Thisuntidymanwalkeduptomyregister(收款機(jī))withaboxofbiscuits．Hesaidhewasoutofcash(現(xiàn)金),hadjustmovedintohisroom,andhadnothinginhiscupboards．Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust．Hepromisedtorepaymethenextday．

Icouldn’thelpstaringathim．Iwonderedwhatkindofpersonhehadbeentenortwentyyearsbefore,andwhathewouldbelikeifluckhadgonehisway．Ihadahurtinmyheartforthiskindofhumansoul,allaloneintheworld．ItoldhimthatIwassorry,butstorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso．Ifeltstupidandunkindsayingthis,butIvaluedmyjob．

Justthen,anotherman,standingbehindthefirst,spokeup．Ifanything,helookedmorepitiable．“Chargeittome,”wasallhesaid．

WhatIhadbeenfeelingwaspity．Pityissoftandsafeandeasy．Compassion,ontheotherhand,iscaringinaction．Ithankedthesecondmanbuttoldhimthatwasnotallowedeither．ThenIreachedintomypocketandpaidforthebiscuitsmyself．Ireachedintomypocketbecausethesetwomenhadreachedintomyheartandtaughtmecompassion.

解析：故事接受順敘的敘事方法，主要情節(jié)進(jìn)展如下：Oneagedgentlemanbeggedmetohavethefoodontrustandpromisedtorepaythenextday.----Itoldhimthestorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso.----Anothermanwantedmetochargethefoodtohim.----Ipaidforthebiscuitsmyself.用第一人稱講解并描述自己親身經(jīng)驗的這段故事，讓人覺得親切可信，同時也增加了文章的感染力。說自己通過這段故事學(xué)會了compassion（憐憫），事實上也是在號召讀者多伸出憐憫之手，共建和諧社會。

抓住了故事的情節(jié)，了解了的寫作意圖。再來做理解題，就簡單多了。請看看下面幾道理解題：

41．Theagedgentlemanwhowantedtobuythebiscuits______.

A．promisedtoobeythestorerules

B．forgottotakeanymoneywithhim

C．hopedtohavethefoodfirstandpaylater

D．couldnotaffordanythingmoreexpensive

42．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheoldgentleman?

A．kindandluckyB．poorandlonely

C．friendlyandhelpfulD．hurtanddisappointed

43．Thewriteracteduponthestorerulesbecause______.

A．hewantedtokeephispresentjob

B．hefeltnopityfortheoldgentleman

C．heconsideredtheoldmandishonest

D．heexpectedsomeoneelsetopayfortheoldman

44．Whatdoesthewriterlearnfromhisexperience?

A．Wealthismoreimportantthananythingelse.

B．Helpingothersiseasiersaidthandone.

C．Experienceisbettergainedthroughpractice.

D．Obeyingtherulesmeansmorethancompassion.

（參考答案：CBAB）

（05天津卷C篇）

Thehousewasquietat5A．m.andTim’smotherwasasleep.Onlythesoundofthebigfreezerbrokethequiet.He’ddreamtofthecavelastnight?Thepurring(稍微抖動聲)ofthefreezerhadbeenthesea.

Timpulledonasweaterandputsomeapplesintohisschoolbag.Itwastooearlyforbreakfast.He’deatafterhe’dbeenthroughthecave,sittingontherocksandstaringattheseA．

Hewishedhehadaproperpack.Hisschoolbagwouldhavetodo.Whatelse?Sandwiches—buthismothermightwakeupifhestartedpullingoutbreadforsandwiches,she’dwanttoknowwhyhehadtoleavesoearly.Hesettledforsomebiscuits,andleftanotestucktothetable.

GonetoMichael’sBacktonight.Tim.

Theskywashighandsoftandlightoutside,thoughthesunstillwasn’tup.Eventhehighwayupthehillwasquietashemadehiswaydownthestreet.Thewindfromtheseawasfreshandsweet.

Thesandhillsstillbreathedheatfromyesterday’ssun,thoughthetopofthesandwascool.Herandowntothebeachimpatiently,buttherewasnoone,justdrysanddancingintheearlywindandseabirdsmarchingupanddownwatchingthewaves.

Thelightchangedsuddenly.Thefirstraysofsunlightstretched(延長)acrossthesea.Thesunwaspushingitswayovertheedgeoftheworld．

Overthefirstrocks,alongtothepoint.Timglancedback.Thebeachwasstillempty.Thesunsailedhigherinthesky.

Hecouldseethecavenow,evendarkerinthemorninglight.Thesandturnedsilverthendarkgoldasthewaterflowedawayfromit.Hehadtoforcehimselftogocloser.Whywasitsomuchmoremysterious(神奇)now?Butitwouldbesillytogobacknowaftersomuchtrouble.Heneedn’tgoinalltheway…

43．WhatdidTimdoatthebeginningofthestory?

A．Heleftthehousequietly.B．Hehadbreakfastathome.

C．Heleftanoteonthefreezer.D．Heputasweaterinhisschoolbag.

44．“Hesettledforsomebiscuits”(inParagraph3)meansthatTim.

A．hadtoleavethebiscuitsonthetable.

B．likedbiscuitsbetterthansandwiches

C．hadtotakebiscuitsinsteadofsandwiches

D．couldonlyfindsomebiscuitsinthekitchen

45．WhatmadeitpossibleforTimtoseetheentrytothecave?

A．Theheightofthefirstrocks.

B．Theupsanddownsofthewaves.

C．Thechangeinthepositionofthesun.

D．Thevaststretchofthesunlitbeach.

46．WhishofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothestory?

A．Thesealookedlikeapieceofgold．

B．SeabirdsflewawaywhenTimarrived．

C．Timwastheonlypersononthebeach.

D．TheskygotdarkasTimreachedthecave.

47．Inthestory,Tim’smood(心情)changedfrom.

A．lonelinesstocrazinessB．a(chǎn)nxiousnesstoexcitement

C．helplessnesstohappinessD．eagernesstonervousness

（05上海卷B篇）

“Comein.Kim.Haveaseat,please.”saidBillWilliams,themanager.ThiswasKim’sfirstexperiencewithanassessment.Afteronlysixmonthshewasdueforaraiseifthisassessmentwassatisfactory.

“Kim,”beganBillWilliams.“Iamverypleasedwiththequalityofyourwork.Ihavenothingbutpraiseforyourdevotionandyourhardwork.Myonlyconcernisthatyouarenotactiveenoughinputtingforwardyoursuggestions.”

“But,”RepliedKim,“Ihavealwayscompletedeveryassignmentyouhavegivenme.Mr.Williams.”

“Iknowthat,Kim.Andplease,callmeBill.ButwhatIexpectisforyoutothinkindependentlyandintroducenewideas.Ineedmoreinputfromyou—morefeedbackonhowthingsaregoingIdon’tneeda“yesman”.Younevertellmewhatyouthink.Youjustsmileasthougheverythingisfine.”

“But,”saidKim,“Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”

“I’mnotaskingyoutotellmewhattodo,butwhatyouthinkwecoulddo.Tomakesuggestions.IemployedyoubecauseIrespectyourexperienceinthisfield,butyouarenotcommunicatingyourthoughtstome.”

“Yes.IseeI’mnotaccustomedtothis,butIwilltrytodoasyousay…,Bill”

“Good,then,Iexpecttohearmorefromyouatstaffmeetingsoratanyothertimeyouwanttodiscussanideawithme.”

“Yes,ofcourse.ThankyouMr.Will…Bill.”

69．Kimisthesortofemployeewho.

A．doesnotspeakouthisownideasB．isnotdevotedtothejob

C．laughstoomuchoverworkD．cannotfinishhisworkontime

70．Theword“presumptuous”inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“”.

A．fullofrespectB．tooconfidentandrude

C．lackinginexperienceD．tooshyandquiet

71．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A．Kimhasbeeninvitedtotakechargeofthestaffmeetings

B．themanagerappreciatesthosewhojustdowhathetellsthemtodo

C．themanagerispleasedwithKim’shardworkandhissuggestions

D．Kimislikelytohaveahighersalaryifhecanpasstheassessment

（06安徽卷B篇）

PeoplefellinlovewithElizabethTaylorin1944,whenshestarredinNationalVelvet-thestoryofVelvetBrown,ayounggirlwhowinsfirstplaceinafamoushorserace,Atfirst,theproducersofthemovietoldTaylorthatshewastoosmalltoplaythepartofVelvet.However,theywaitedforherforafewmonthsassheexercisedandtrained—andaddedthreeinchestoherheightinfourmonths!HeractinginNationalVelvetisstillconsideredthebestbyachildactress.

ElizabethTaylorwasborninLondonin1932．Herparents,bothAmericans,hadmovedthereforbusinessreasons.WhenWorldwarIIstarted,theTaylormovedtoBeverlyHills,California,andthereElizabethstartedactinginmovies.Afterhersuccessasachildstar,Taylorhadnotroublemovingintoadult(成人)rolesandwontwiceforBestActress:Butterfield8(1960)andWho’sAfraidofVirginiaWoolf?(1966)

Taylor’sfame(名聲)andpopularitygaveheralotofpowerwiththemovieindustry,soshewasabletodemandveryhighpayforhermovies.In1963,shereceived$1millionforherpartinCleopatra—thehighestpayreceivedbyanystaruptothattime.

ElizabethTaylorisalegend(傳奇人物)ofourtime.LikeVelvetBrowninNationalVelvet,shehasbeenlucky,shehasbeauty,fameandwealth.Butsheisalsoahardworker