網絡常用測試工具的應用實驗報告

常用網絡工具的應用一、實驗目的：1．了解系統網絡命令及其所代表的含義，以及所能對網絡進行的操作。2．通過網絡命令了解運行系統網絡狀態(tài)，并利用網絡命令對網絡進行簡單的操作。二、二、實驗儀器設備及器材WindowXP局域網實驗相關理論1．PING命令是檢查網絡連接狀況的網絡工具，可以用它來檢測數據包到達目的主機的可能性。2．Win98：winipcfg或Win2000以上：Ipconfig/all命令顯示DNS服務器地址、IP地址、子網掩碼地址、默認網關的IP地址。3．Netstat是顯示網絡連接和有關協議的統計信息的工具。Netstat主要用于：網絡接口的狀況；程序表的狀況；協議類的統計信息的顯示三個方面。4．ARP：地址解析協議命令，用于將IP地址解析為MAC地址。實驗要求：驗前認真預習TCP/IP協議內容，尤其應認真理解WINDOWS網絡相關原理；在進行實驗時，應注意愛護機器，按照試驗指導書的要求的內容和步驟完成實驗，尤其應注意認真觀察試驗結果，做好記錄；實驗完成后應認真撰寫實驗報告。五、實驗原理六、實驗步驟1、最常用的網絡測試工具－PING.EXE（1）判斷本地的TCP/IP協議棧是否已安裝成功C:\DocumentsandSettings\student>pingPingingwith32bytesofdata:用32個數據字節(jié)驗證本機與計算機的連接Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128返回本機：字節(jié)為32個時間小于10毫秒生存時間為128Pingstatisticsfor:統計本機的數據：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包數：發(fā)送為4，接收為4，丟失為0（丟失率為0%）Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概回路行程時間在毫秒Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小為0毫秒，最大為0毫秒，平均為0毫秒（2）判斷能否到達指定IP地址的遠程計算機C:\DocumentsandSettings\student>pingPingingwith32bytesofdata:用32個數據字節(jié)驗證網關與計算機的連接Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64返回網關：字節(jié)為32個時間小于10毫秒生存時間為64Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64Replyfrom:bytes=32time=34msTTL=64Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64Pingstatisticsfor:統計網關的數據：Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126返回網絡：字節(jié)為32時間小于10毫秒生存時間為126Pingstatisticsfor8:統計網絡的數據：Packets:Sent=30,Received=30,Lost=0(0%loss),包數：發(fā)送為30，收回為30，丟失為0（丟失率為0%）Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循環(huán)時間在毫秒：Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小值為10毫秒，最大值為0毫秒，平均值為0毫秒（7）用400字節(jié)長的包Ping指定的IP地址C:\DocumentsandSettings\student>ping-l4000Pinging0with400bytesofdata:用400個數據字節(jié)驗證網絡與計算機的連接Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62返回網絡：字節(jié)為400時間小于10毫秒生存時間為62Pingstatisticsfor0:統計網絡的數據：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包數：發(fā)送為4，收回為4，丟失為0（丟失率為0%）Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循環(huán)時間在毫秒：Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小值為0毫秒，最大值為0毫秒，平均值為0毫秒2、網絡配置查看程序－IPCONFIG.EXE（1）查看所有配置信息：Winipcfg或Ipconfig/allC:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>Ipconfig/allWindowsIPConfigurationHostName............:r5-045PrimaryDnsSuffix.......:NodeType............:UnknownIPRoutingEnabled........:NoWINSProxyEnabled........:NoEthernetadapter本地連接:Connection-specificDNSSuffix.:Description...........:RealtekRTL8139FamilyPCIFastEthernetNICPhysicalAddress.........:00-E0-4C-4C-A9-DBDhcpEnabled...........:NoIPAddress............:5SubnetMask...........:DefaultGateway.........:54DNSServers...........:03、網絡連接統計工具－NETSTAT.EXE（1）顯示所有連接C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>netstat-aActiveConnectionsProtoLocalAddressForeignAddressStateTCPr5-045:epmapr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:microsoft-dsr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:1161r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:8177r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:netbios-ssnr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:102899:10018ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:1045r5-045:10019ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:16811:httpSYN_SENTTCPr5-045:168222:7211SYN_SENTTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:1027CLOSE_WAITTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:1045ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:1031r5-045:0LISTENINGUDPr5-045:microsoft-ds*:*UDPr5-045:isakmp*:*UDPr5-045:ms-sql-m*:*UDPr5-045:4500*:*UDPr5-045:5412*:*UDPr5-045:5999*:*UDPr5-045:6000*:*UDPr5-045:6002*:*UDPr5-045:ntp*:*UDPr5-045:netbios-ns*:*UDPr5-045:netbios-dgm*:*UDPr5-045:1900*:*UDPr5-045:ntp*:*UDPr5-045:1099*:*UDPr5-045:1900*:*（2）顯示所有協議的統計信息C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>netstat-sIPv4StatisticsPacketsReceived=142692ReceivedHeaderErrors=0ReceivedAddressErrors=94DatagramsForwarded=0UnknownProtocolsReceived=0ReceivedPacketsDiscarded=21591ReceivedPacketsDelivered=121098OutputRequests=137681RoutingDiscards=0DiscardedOutputPackets=12OutputPacketNoRoute=0ReassemblyRequired=0ReassemblySuccessful=0ReassemblyFailures=0DatagramsSuccessfullyFragmented=0DatagramsFailingFragmentation=0FragmentsCreated=0ICMPv4StatisticsReceivedSentMessages805811Errors00DestinationUnreachable06TimeExceeded00ParameterProblems00SourceQuenches00Redirects00Echos75847EchoReplies47758Timestamps00TimestampReplies00AddressMasks00AddressMaskReplies00TCPStatisticsforIPv4ActiveOpens=17741PassiveOpens=12445FailedConnectionAttempts=13063ResetConnections=171CurrentConnections=4SegmentsReceived=110285SegmentsSent=120741SegmentsRetransmitted=9516UDPStatisticsforIPv4DatagramsReceived=10002NoPorts=59ReceiveErrors=0DatagramsSent=66084、操縱網絡路由表的工具－ROUTE.EXE（1）顯示全部路由信息：C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeprint===========================================================================InterfaceList0x1...........................MSTCPLoopbackinterface0x2...00e04c4ca9db......RealtekRTL8139FamilyPCIFastEthernetNIC-數據包計劃程序微型端口======================================================================================================================================================ActiveRoutes:NetworkDestinationNetmaskGatewayInterfaceMetric5452055205552055555520155205555551DefaultGateway:54===========================================================================PersistentRoutes:None（2）添加一個路由C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeADDMASKMETRIC3IF2Manipulatesnetworkroutingtables.ROUTE[-f][-p][command[destination][MASKnetmask][gateway][METRICmetric][IFinterface]-fClearstheroutingtablesofallgatewayentries.Ifthisisusedinconjunctionwithoneofthecommands,thetablesareclearedpriortorunningthecommand.-pWhenusedwiththeADDcommand,makesaroutepersistentacrossbootsofthesystem.Bydefault,routesarenotpreservedwhenthesystemisrestarted.Ignoredforallothercommands,whichalwaysaffecttheappropriatepersistentroutes.ThisoptionisnotsupportedinWindows95.commandOneofthese:PRINTPrintsarouteADDAddsarouteDELETEDeletesarouteCHANGEModifiesanexistingroutedestinationSpecifiesthehost.MASKSpecifiesthatthenextparameteristhe'netmask'value.netmaskSpecifiesasubnetmaskvalueforthisrouteentry.Ifnotspecified,itdefaultsto55.gatewaySpecifiesgateway.interfacetheinterfacenumberforthespecifiedroute.METRICspecifiesthemetric,ie.costforthedestination.AllsymbolicnamesusedfordestinationarelookedupinthenetworkdatabasefileNETWORKS.ThesymbolicnamesforgatewayarelookedupinthehostnamedatabasefileHOSTS.IfthecommandisPRINTorDELETE.Destinationorgatewaycanbeawildcard,(wildcardisspecifiedasastar'*'),orthegatewayargumentmaybeomitted.IfDestcontainsa*or?,itistreatedasashellpattern,andonlymatchingdestinationroutesareprinted.The'*'matchesanystring,and'?'matchesanyonechar.Examples:157.*.1,157.*,127.*,*224*.DiagnosticNotes:InvalidMASKgeneratesanerror,thatiswhen(DEST&MASK)!=DEST.Example>routeADDMASKIF1Therouteadditionfailed:Thespecifiedmaskparameterisinvalid.(Destination&Mask)!=Destination.Examples:>routePRINT>routeADDMASKMETRIC3IF2destination^^mask^gatewaymetric^^Interface^IfIFisnotgiven,ittriestofindthebestinterfaceforagivengateway.>routePRINT>routePRINT157*....Onlyprintsthosematching157*>routeCHANGEMASKMETRIC2IF2CHANGEisusedtomodifygatewayand/ormetriconly.>routePRINT>routeDELETE>routePRINT5、地址解析工具－ARP.EXE（1）顯示當前ARP項C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeDELETETheroutespecifiedwasnotfound.C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-aInterface:5---0x2InternetAddressPhysicalAddressType200-e0-4c-75-22-3adynamic700-e0-4c-75-22-5ddynamic5400-19-aa-e7-0a-46dynamic（2）添加一個靜態(tài)入口C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-s1200-aa-00-62-c6-09C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-s1200-aa-20-a2-25-58-aeC:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-aInterface:5---0x2In