話題拓展05.考古發(fā)現(xiàn)

05.考古發(fā)現(xiàn)一、閱讀理解1ThecooperationbetweentheTencent’sDigitalCultureLaboratory(DCL)andtheSichuan

InstituteofCulturalRelicsandArchaeologyisgroundbreaking.UsingdigitaltechnologiessuchasAI,bigdata,cloudputing,knowledgegraphsandputervision,thousandsofpiecesunearthedfromtheSanxingduiarebeingscanned,analyzedandcalculatedtodeterminewhetherorhowtheycanbepiecedbacktogether.Thisgreatlyimprovesefficiency(效率)andpresentsnewsituationsthatmaynothavebeenpossiblethroughtraditionalmeans.A4,500yearoldbronzestatuefromSanxingdui,forcenturiesinbrokenandbentpieces,nowappearsinitsimpressiveform.Therestoration(修復(fù))isanimportantdevelopmentforarchaeology—it’sdigital.Thebronzestatueshowsafourleggedbeastwithaworshipperkneelingonitsback.Thebeastandthekneelingworshipperwereunearthedseparatelyfromtwodifferentholesin2021.Throughmarkingsonthebeast’sbackandtheworshipper’sknees,theteamguessedtheymayhavebeenpartofthesamestatue.3DmodelingandAIanalysisofsize,weightandbalancehelpedtheteamtodecidethatthetwobelongedtogether.putervisionaidedinstraighteningthebentpartsandfillinginmissingpieces,suchasanearandanarm.SanxingduiisbelievedtobepartoftheancientShuKingdom.ThereisnowrittentextonhowtheShupeoplelivedorwhytheydisappeared.Cluestotheirexistenceefromrelics.

Whilesomerelicswerediscoveredinthelate1920s,detailedarchaeologicalexcavations(挖掘)beganonlyinthe1980swhenthefirsttwoholeswereunearthed.Sixmorecametolightin2021.Alluncoveredrelicssuggestacivilizationnotonlytechnologicallyadvanced,butalsoearlierthanfirstthought.“Thereismoretotheworkwearedoingthanjustarchaeology.”saidZhanShu,HeadofDCL.TheprojectwillincludetheShupeople’shistoryandcultureintovideogames,music,andliteraturesothatthepastcanbemorerelatedtotheyoungergenerations.1.Whatcanweknowabouttherestorationofthebronzestatue?A.Digitaltechnologiesprovidedanewsolution.B.Therestorationwaspletedbyhand.C.Traditionalwayshelpedfillinmissingparts.D.Majorpartswerediscoveredinonesinglehole.2.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusaboutSanxingdui?A.Itsnewlyfoundwrittentext. B.Itssuddendisappearance.C.Itsexcavationmethod. D.Itsarchaeologicalvalue.3.WhydoestheprojectincludeShuhistoryinmodernmedia?A.Toproviderelaxationmeans. B.Toreformmusiceducation.C.Toconnectyouthswithhistory. D.TohighlightShutechnology.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.DigitalTechnologies:ChangingArchaeologicalPracticesB.Sanxingdui:TheLostCivilizationoftheShuKingdomC.UncoveringtheSecretsofAncientBronzeStatueD.PromotingCultureThroughHistoryEducation【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。這段文章主要講述了騰訊數(shù)字文化實(shí)驗(yàn)室（DCL）和四川文物考古研究院之間的合作，以及他們?nèi)绾卫脭?shù)字技術(shù)對三星堆遺址進(jìn)行數(shù)字化修復(fù)和重建。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“UsingdigitaltechnologiessuchasAI,bigdata,cloudputing,knowledgegraphsandputervision,thousandsofpiecesunearthedfromtheSanxingduiarebeingscanned,analyzedandcalculatedtodeterminewhetherorhowtheycanbepiecedbacktogether.(利用人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算、知識圖譜和計(jì)算機(jī)視覺等數(shù)字技術(shù)，三星堆出土的數(shù)千塊碎片正在被掃描、分析和計(jì)算，以確定是否或如何將它們重新拼湊起來)”以及第二段“Thisgreatlyimprovesefficiency(效率)andpresentsnewsituationsthatmaynothavebeenpossiblethroughtraditionalmeans.(這大大提高了效率，并提出了通過傳統(tǒng)手段可能無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的新情況)”可知，關(guān)于銅像的修復(fù)我們能知道數(shù)字技術(shù)提供了一個(gè)新的解決方案。故選A。2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“SanxingduiisbelievedtobepartoftheancientShuKingdom.ThereisnowrittentextonhowtheShupeoplelivedorwhytheydisappeared.Cluestotheirexistenceefromrelics.

Whilesomerelicswerediscoveredinthelate1920s,detailedarchaeologicalexcavations(挖掘)beganonlyinthe1980swhenthefirsttwoholeswereunearthed.Sixmorecametolightin2021.Alluncoveredrelicssuggestacivilizationnotonlytechnologicallyadvanced,butalsoearlierthanfirstthought.(三星堆被認(rèn)為是古蜀國的一部分。沒有關(guān)于蜀人如何生活或他們?yōu)槭裁聪У臅嫖淖?。它們存在的線索來自于遺跡。雖然在20世紀(jì)20年代末就發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些遺跡，但詳細(xì)的考古發(fā)掘工作直到20世紀(jì)80年代才開始，當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了最初的兩個(gè)洞。2021年又有6個(gè)浮出水面。所有出土的遺跡都表明，這個(gè)文明不僅在技術(shù)上先進(jìn)，而且比最初想象的要早)”可知，可知本段主要介紹了三星堆的考古價(jià)值。故選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheprojectwillincludetheShupeople’shistoryandcultureintovideogames,music,andliteraturesothatthepastcanbemorerelatedtotheyoungergenerations.(該項(xiàng)目將把蜀族的歷史和文化融入到電子游戲、音樂和文學(xué)中，以便讓年輕一代更多地了解過去)”可知，該項(xiàng)目將蜀史納入現(xiàn)代媒體是為了將年輕人與歷史聯(lián)系起來。故選C。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ThecooperationbetweentheTencent’sDigitalCultureLaboratory(DCL)andtheSichuan

InstituteofCulturalRelicsandArchaeologyisgroundbreaking.UsingdigitaltechnologiessuchasAI,bigdata,cloudputing,knowledgegraphsandputervision,thousandsofpiecesunearthedfromtheSanxingduiarebeingscanned,analyzedandcalculatedtodeterminewhetherorhowtheycanbepiecedbacktogether.(十分?jǐn)?shù)字文化實(shí)驗(yàn)室（DCL）與四川省文物考古研究所的合作是開創(chuàng)性的。利用人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算、知識圖譜和計(jì)算機(jī)視覺等數(shù)字技術(shù)，三星堆出土的數(shù)千塊碎片正在被掃描、分析和計(jì)算，以確定是否或如何將它們重新拼湊起來)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了數(shù)字技術(shù)在考古中的應(yīng)用，如何利用數(shù)字技術(shù)對三星堆進(jìn)行掃描、分析和計(jì)算，以及如何通過這種方式提高效率、呈現(xiàn)新的情況。因此，最適合的標(biāo)題是“數(shù)字技術(shù)：改變考古實(shí)踐”。故選A。2Asakid,PamelaAkukuspentherweekendsexploringtheNationalMuseumsofKenya,followingalongwithhermomwhoworkedthere.Akukubecamefascinatedwiththeresearchers.Shesawthemusingvariousequipmentandresearchingthefossilscarefully.“ButIdidn’tknowwhattheyweredoingatthetime,”shesays.“Ikeptaskingmymomaboutit.”Akuku’smomsawherdaughter’scuriosityandsignedherupforthemuseum’sYoungResearchersClub.Akukusoontookpartinmockexcavations(模擬挖掘)andreconstructedbones.“Ienjoyedreadingandpuzzles,”saysAkuku.“Andthiswasamixtureofthetwo.”Themuseumexperienceshelpedinspirehercareerasanarcheologist.Afterherfouryearsinuniversity,shewassurethatshewantedtostudyarchaeology.Shedidhermaster’sinSouthAfricaandmajoredinzooarchaeology(動物考古學(xué)).SheisnowattheCatalanInstituteofHumanPaleoecologyandSocialEvolutioninTarragona,Spain.There,shestudieshowancienthumansmodified(改良)animalbones.Herresearchishelpingtorevealmoreaboutwhereearlyhumanslived.She’scurrentlystudyingtheremainsfromTanzania’sOlduvaiGorge,whereresearcherspreviouslydiscoveredstonetoolsandevidenceofearlyhumanancestorsgoingbackasfaras2millionyears.Akukugivessomeadvicetopeoplewhowanttodoherjob.“Bepreparedtoeacrosshardconditions.Workinginthisfieldischallenging.Youhavetoworktwiceashardjusttoberecognized,”Akukusaid.Butshehaslearnedtodealwithit.Nowshealwaystellseveryonetheeffortsareworthy.5.WhydidAkuku’smotherletherjoinintheYoungResearchersClub?A.Akukushowedinterestintheclub. B.Akuku’smomwascuriousabouttheclub.C.Akuku’smomwantedAkukutohelpwithherjob. D.Akukuhopedtobeanarchaeologist.6.WhatisAkuku’spresentresearchabout?A.Whyzooarchaeologyispopular. B.WhentherelicsofTarragonaappeared.C.Whatcanbefoundfromancientfossils. D.Howancientpeoplemodifiedanimalbones.7.WhatcanweknowaboutTanzania’sOlduvaiGorge?A.Manystonetoolsremaintobefoundthere. B.Ancienthumanmaylivethere2millionyearsago.C.Therearefewrelicsleftatpresent. D.Fewresearchersshowinterestinit.8.InAkuku’sopinion,ifyouwishtobeanarchaeologist,youshould______.A.dealwithchallengeswithcolleagues B.learntobeverysmartC.dothejobharderthanotherpeople D.believewhatyoudoisimportant【答案】5.A6.D7.B8.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了PamelaAkuku在孩提時(shí)代一次去博物館的經(jīng)歷，激發(fā)了她成為考古學(xué)家的夢想。后來，她選擇了考古學(xué)作為專業(yè)，她覺得考古領(lǐng)域方面的工作很有挑戰(zhàn)性，需要付出加倍的努力才能成功。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Akuku’smomsawherdaughter’scuriosityandsignedherupforthemuseum’sYoungResearchersClub.Akukusoontookpartinmockexcavations( 模擬挖掘 )andreconstructedbones.(Akuku的媽媽看到了女兒的好奇心，為她報(bào)名參加了博物館的青年研究者俱樂部)”可知，Akuku的媽媽看到了她對于博物館研究人員的好奇，覺得她對這個(gè)俱樂部非常的感興趣，所以為她報(bào)名參加了博物館的青年研究者俱樂部。故選A。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“There,shestudieshowancienthumansmodified(改良)animalbones.Herresearchishelpingtorevealmoreaboutwhereearlyhumanslived.(在那里，她研究了古代人類是如何改造動物骨骼的。她的研究有助于揭示更多關(guān)于早期人類生活的地方)”可知，Akuku現(xiàn)在正在研究古人是如何改造動物骨骼的。故選D。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“She’scurrentlystudyingtheremainsfromTanzania’sOlduvaiGorge,whereresearcherspreviouslydiscoveredstonetoolsandevidenceofearlyhumanancestorsgoingbackasfaras2millionyears.(她目前正在研究坦桑尼亞奧杜瓦伊峽谷的遺跡，研究人員之前在那里發(fā)現(xiàn)了石器和早在200萬年前就有早期人類祖先的證據(jù))”可知，根據(jù)對坦桑尼亞奧杜瓦伊峽谷的遺跡的研究可知，早在200萬年前就有早期人類祖先居住在那里。故選B。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Bepreparedtoeacrosshardconditions.Workinginthisfieldischallenging.Youhavetoworktwiceashardjusttoberecognized,”Akukusaid.(Akuku說：“要準(zhǔn)備好面對艱苦的條件。在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域工作很有挑戰(zhàn)性。你必須加倍努力才能得到認(rèn)可?！?”可知，Akuku認(rèn)為，做考古學(xué)方面的工作要比其他人付出更多的努力。故選C。3Everydaypeoplejoinedarchaeologistsandartistsinfindingsomeoftheyear’smostdramaticdiscoveries.Belowaresomeexamplesof2023.“Naughtypupils”ancientpunishmentmethodresurfacesArchaeologistsdiscovered18,000inkcarvedpiecesofpotteryknownas“ostraca”—atthesiteofAthribisearlythisyear,andamongthemwerehundredsoffragments(碎片)withasinglesymbolrepeatedfrontandback.Thosescribbles(潦草的文字)areevidenceof‘naughty“pupils”beingmadetowritelines,accordingtoresearchersaGermany’sUniversityofTuebingen.Thefragmentsalsoincludedreceipts,schooltexts,tradeinformationandlistsofnames.VanGoghpeersoutinhiddenportraitThereisonemoreknownvanGogh’sselfportraitintheworld,anditwashiddenbehindapaintingofapeasantwoman.PeoplemadethediscoverywhentheytookanXrayofoneofhisportraitsfrom1885anddiscoveredtheartist’sownimagebehindlayersofcardboardandglue.WhileXraysoftenrevealhowartistschangedtheirpositions,thefullselfportraitofvanGoghcameasahugesurprise,whowasknowntoreusecanvase(畫布)tosavemoney.AnothertreasurecollectionfromSanxingduiTheSanxingduiarchaeologicalsitehasproducedthousandsofrelics.Thelatestdiscovery,reportedbyChinesestatemediainJuneincludes3,155objects,aturtleshellshapedboxandasacrificialaltaramongthem.Ateamhasbeendiggingsixplacesofthesite,turningupmorethan13,000objectssofar.Lastyear,therelicstheyuncoveredincludedagoldenmask,ivoryartifacts(手工藝品)andajadeknife.TheSanxingduiculturestillremainsmysterious,asitleftbehindnowrittenrecordsorhumanremains,thoughmanybelieveittobepartoftheancientkingdomofShu,whichruledalongtheupperstreamoftheYangtzeRiveruntilitwasconqueredin316BC.9.Whatledtotheresearchers’conclusionaboutthefragments?A.Therepeatedsymbol. B.Tradeinformation.C.Listsofpupils’names. D.Themarkofink.10.WhydidvanGoghhidehisselfportraitinapainting?A.TokeepawayfromXrays.B.Tosavemoney.C.Tomakehisworksmoremysterious.D.Tohelppeoplefindhisposition.11.Whichisthenewlyunearthedrelicof2023inSanxingduisite?A.Ajadeknife. B.Agoldenmask.C.Awrittenrecord. D.Aturtleshellshapedbox.【答案】9.A10.B11.D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了三個(gè)考古新發(fā)現(xiàn)。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Naughtypupils”—ancientpunishmentmethodresurfaces部分“amongthemwerehundredsoffragments(碎片)withasinglesymbolrepeatedfrontandback.(其中有數(shù)百個(gè)碎片，正面和背面都重復(fù)著一個(gè)符號。)”以及“Thosescribbles(潦草的文字)areevidenceof‘naughty“pupils”beingmadetowritelines,accordingtoresearchersaGermany’sUniversityofTuebingen.(據(jù)德國圖賓根大學(xué)的研究人員稱，這些涂鴉是“淘氣的”學(xué)生被強(qiáng)迫寫臺詞的證據(jù)。)”可知，研究人員是根據(jù)這些碎片上的重復(fù)的符號得出結(jié)論，證明這些碎片的內(nèi)容是調(diào)皮的學(xué)生所寫。故選A。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VanGoghpeersoutinhiddenportrait部分“WhileXraysoftenrevealhowartistschangedtheirpositions,thefullselfportraitofvanGoghcameasahugesurprise,whowasknowntoreusecanvase(畫布)tosavemoney.(雖然X射線經(jīng)常揭示藝術(shù)家是如何改變他們的作品的,但梵高的完整的自畫像是一個(gè)巨大的驚喜,他被認(rèn)為重用畫布來省錢。)”可知，梵高是為了省錢才將自畫像隱藏在一幅畫中。故選B。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AnothertreasurecollectionfromSanxingdui部分“Thelatestdiscovery,reportedbyChinesestatemediainJuneincludes3,155objects,aturtleshellshapedboxandasacrificialaltaramongthem.(據(jù)中國官方媒體6月份報(bào)道，最近的發(fā)現(xiàn)包括3155件物品，其中包括一個(gè)龜殼形狀的盒子和一個(gè)祭祀祭壇。)”可知，2023年三星堆遺址新出土的器物包括一個(gè)龜殼形狀的盒子。故選D。4Althoughliteracyappearedindependentlyinseveralpartsoftheprehistoricworld,theearliestevidenceofwritingisthecuneiformSumerianscriptontheclaytabletsofancientMesopotamia,which,archaeologicaldetectiveworkhasrevealed,haditsoriginsintheaccountingpracticesofmercialactivity.Researchersdemonstratedthatpreliteratepeople,tokeeptrackofthegoodstheyproducedandexchanged,createdasystemofaccountingusingclaytokensassymbolicrepresentationsoftheirproducts.Overmanythousandsofyears,thesymbolsevolvedthroughseveralstagesofabstractionuntiltheybecamewedgeshaped(cuneiform)signsonclaytablets,recognizableaswriting.Theoriginaltokenswerethreedimensionalsolidshapes—tinyspheres,cones,disks,andcylinders.Adebtofsixunitsofgrainandeightheadoflivestock,forexample,mighthavebeenrepresentedbysixconicalandeightcylindricaltokens.Tokeepbatchesoftokenstogether,aninnovationwasintroducedwherebytheyweresealedinsideclayenvelopesthatcouldbebrokenopenandcountedwhenitcametimeforadebttoberepaid.Butbecausethecontentsoftheenvelopescouldeasilybeforgotten,twodimensionalrepresentationsofthethreedimensionaltokenswereimpressedintothesurfaceoftheenvelopesbeforetheyweresealed.Eventually,havingtwosetsofequivalentsymbols—theinternaltokensandexternalmarkings—cametoseemredundant,sothetokenswereeliminated,andonlysolidclaytabletswithtwodimensionalsymbolswereretained.Overtime,thesymbolsbecamemorenumerous,varied,andabstractandcametorepresentmorethantrademodities,evolvingeventuallyintocuneiformwriting.Theevolutionofthesymbolismisreflectedinthearchaeologicalrecordfirstofallbytheincreasingplexityofthetokensthemselves.Theearliesttokens,datingfromabout10,000to6,000yearsago,wereofonlythesimplestgeometricshapes.Butabout3500B.C.E.,moreplextokenscameintomonusage,includingmanynaturalisticformsshapedlikeminiaturetools,furniture,fruit,andhumans.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutclayenvelopes?A.Theycontainedbatchesoftokens. B.Theycouldbereusedfrequently.C.Theyhadmarkingsontheoutside. D.Theycouldbeusedtorecorddebts.13.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutthedifferencebetweenearliertokensandlatertokens?A.Latertokensweremadeofmanydifferentmaterials,butearlieronesweremadeonlyofclay.B.Latertokensoftenlookedlikethemoditiesthattheyrepresented,butearlieronesdidnot.C.Latertokensrepresentedagriculturalproducts,butearlieronesrepresentedfinishedproducts.D.Latertokenswerebasedonpictographs,butearlieroneswerebasedonnaturalisticforms.14.Whichofthesentencesbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentence?A.Sumerianscript,theearliestknownformofwritingamongprehistoricwritingsystems,wasfirstusedonclaytabletsforaccountingpurposes.B.AlthoughtheearliestSumeriansengagedinmercialactivityandpracticedaccounting,theywerenotasliterateaspeopleinotherpartsoftheprehistoricworld.C.Archaeologistshavediscoveredthatliteracywasdevelopedinseveralpartsoftheworld,includingancientMesopotamia.D.ArchaeologicaldetectiveworkhasrevealedthemercialaccountingpracticesoftheSumeriansofancientMesopotamiaandprovidedawrittenrecordoftheirintensemercialactivity.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.EvidenceoftheEarliestWriting B.AlonghistoryoftokensC.Evolutionofthesymbolism D.Originsofthesymbols【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了史前文字系統(tǒng)中已知最早的書寫形式——古代美索不達(dá)米亞粘土板上的楔形蘇美爾文字的起源與歷史演變。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Tokeepbatchesoftokenstogether,aninnovationwasintroducedwherebytheyweresealedinsideclayenvelopesthatcouldbebrokenopenandcountedwhenitcametimeforadebttoberepaid.Butbecausethecontentsoftheenvelopescouldeasilybeforgotten,twodimensionalrepresentationsofthethreedimensionaltokenswereimpressedintothesurfaceoftheenvelopesbeforetheyweresealed.”（為了將代幣保持在一起，引入了一種創(chuàng)新方法，即將代幣密封在粘土信封中，當(dāng)需要償還債務(wù)時(shí)，可以打開并計(jì)數(shù)。但是因?yàn)樾欧饫锏臇|西很容易被遺忘，所以在封緘之前，這些三維符號的二維表示就被印在了信封的表面。）可知，粘土信封可用于保存代幣，可用于記錄債務(wù)，為了防止遺忘，信封表面被印上了二維符號，文章沒有提到它能重復(fù)使用。故選B項(xiàng)。13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句“Theoriginaltokenswerethreedimensionalsolidshapes—tinyspheres,cones,disks,andcylinders.Adebtofsixunitsofgrainandeightheadoflivestock,forexample,mighthavebeenrepresentedbysixconicalandeightcylindricaltokens.”（最初的代幣符號是三維的固體形狀——微小的球體、錐體、圓盤和圓柱體。例如，6單位谷物和8頭牲畜的債務(wù)可以用6個(gè)圓錐形和8個(gè)圓柱形的代幣來表示。）及最后一段最后兩句“Theearliesttokens,datingfromabout10,000to6,000yearsago,wereofonlythesimplestgeometricshapes.Butabout3500B.C.E.,moreplextokenscameintomonusage,includingmanynaturalisticformsshapedlikeminiaturetools,furniture,fruit,andhumans.”（最早的代幣可以追溯到大約1萬到6000年前，只有最簡單的幾何形狀。但在公元前3500年左右，更復(fù)雜的代幣符號開始普遍使用，包括許多形狀像微型工具、家具、水果和人的自然形式。）可知，早期的代幣符號只有最簡單的幾何形狀，后期的符號變得更復(fù)雜，形式多樣，通?？雌饋硐袼鼈兯淼纳唐?。故選B項(xiàng)。14.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Althoughliteracyappearedindependentlyinseveralpartsoftheprehistoricworld,theearliestevidenceofwritingisthecuneiformSumerianscriptontheclaytabletsofancientMesopotamia,which,archaeologicaldetectiveworkhasrevealed,haditsoriginsintheaccountingpracticesofmercialactivity.”（雖然識字能力在史前世界的幾個(gè)地方獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)，但最早的文字證據(jù)是古代美索不達(dá)米亞粘土板上的楔形蘇美爾文字，考古偵探工作揭示，它起源于商業(yè)活動的會計(jì)實(shí)踐。）可知，古代美索不達(dá)米亞粘土板上的楔形蘇美爾文字是史前文字系統(tǒng)中已知最早的書寫形式，最初是為了記帳。故選A項(xiàng)。15.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Althoughliteracyappearedindependentlyinseveralpartsoftheprehistoricworld,theearliestevidenceofwritingisthecuneiformSumerianscriptontheclaytabletsofancientMesopotamia,which,archaeologicaldetectiveworkhasrevealed,haditsoriginsintheaccountingpracticesofmercialactivity.”（雖然識字能力在史前世界的幾個(gè)地方獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)，但最早的文字證據(jù)是古代美索不達(dá)米亞粘土板上的楔形蘇美爾文字，考古偵探工作揭示，它起源于商業(yè)活動的會計(jì)實(shí)踐。）及后文對其代幣符號的歷史演變的介紹可知，本文主要介紹了史前文字系統(tǒng)中已知最早的書寫形式存在的證據(jù)。故選A項(xiàng)。5Believeitornot,sheepareplayinganimportantroleinprotectingtheruinsofPompeii,anancientRomancitythatwasburiedundervolcanicashabout2,000yearsago.Archaeologistshavebeendiggingtheruinsforover250years,butonlytwothirdsofthe66hectareareahavebeenexplored,reportedCNN.Topreventtheunexcavated(未發(fā)掘的)partsoftheruinsfrombeingnaturallydamagedovertime,archaeologistshaveturnedtoagroupof150sheepforhelp.Manygrassyhillstherearedotted(布滿)withtheremainsofoldhousesandshops.Grassandotherplantscancauseproblemsiftheyarelefttogrowonancientwallsandhouses.Therefore,thetaskofthesesheepistoeatupthegrass,preventinganyovergrowththatmayharmtheruins.Besides,turningtosheepinsteadofherbicides(除草劑)costslessandismoreenvironmentfriendly.ThissheepysolutionispartofthePompeiiArchaeologicalPark’sprotectionefforts.Since2018,newexcavationshavebeenlaunched(啟動)inRegioVarea,thenorthernpartofthecity.Ithasresultedinexcitingdiscoveriessuchasfrescoes(壁畫),asnackshop,andtheskeletalremains(遺骸)ofpeoplewhodiedinthedisaster.GabrielZuchtriegel,directorofthePompeiiArchaeologicalPark,toldGoTopNewsthatthesheepinitiative(倡議)isasustainable(可持續(xù)的)projectthatsavesmoneyandprotectsthelandscape.Besides,thesheephavebeepartofthelandscapeitself,bringingtheancientcitybacktolife.“It’salsosomethingthatreallygivesanideaofwhatPompeiiwaslikewhenitwasrediscovered,”saidZuchtriegel.“Itwasforests,vineyards,sheepandthatkindofruralsetting,andinthemiddleofitwasPompeii.”16.Whydothearchaeologistsusesheep?A.ToexcavatePompeiiquickly. B.Toreduceovergrowthofgrass.C.Tosaveherbicides. D.Topromoteeconomyofthisarea.17.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Thesheepsolutionhascausedsometrouble. B.Ithascostalotofmoneytoexcavatetheruins.C.Thediscoverieshavepuzzledarchaeologists. D.MuchworkhasbeendonetoprotectPompeii.18.HowdidZuchtriegelfindtheinitiative?A.Helpful. B.Worrying. C.Annoying. D.Doubtful.19.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NewDiscoveryinRuins B.SheepRescuingPompeiiC.Archaeologists’Achievements(成就) D.PeopleWorryingaboutPompeii【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了綿羊在保護(hù)大約2000年前被火山灰掩埋的古羅馬城市龐貝遺址方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Manygrassyhillstherearedotted(布滿)withtheremainsofoldhousesandshops.Grassandotherplantscancauseproblemsiftheyarelefttogrowonancientwallsandhouses.Therefore,thetaskofthesesheepistoeatupthegrass,preventinganyovergrowththatmayharmtheruins.Besides,turningtosheepinsteadofherbicides(除草劑)costslessandismoreenvironmentfriendly.(許多長滿草的小山點(diǎn)綴著老房子和商店的遺跡。草和其他植物如果長在古老的墻壁和房屋上，就會造成問題。因此，這些羊的任務(wù)是吃完草，防止任何可能損害廢墟的雜草。此外，用綿羊代替除草劑成本更低，更環(huán)保。)”可知，由于龐貝遺址長了很多草和其他植物，這些植物會給遺址造成危害，因此考古學(xué)家決定用羊來減少該地區(qū)草的生長。故選B。17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThissheepysolutionispartofthePompeiiArchaeologicalPark’sprotectionefforts.Since2018,newexcavationshavebeenlaunched(啟動)inRegioVarea,thenorthernpartofthecity.Ithasresultedinexcitingdiscoveriessuchasfrescoes(壁畫),asnackshop,andtheskeletalremains(遺骸)ofpeoplewhodiedinthedisaster.(這種笨拙的解決方案是龐貝考古公園保護(hù)工作的一部分。從2018年開始，在城市北部的第五區(qū)開始了新的挖掘工作。在此期間，還發(fā)現(xiàn)了壁畫、小吃店、遇難者遺骨等令人興奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可判斷，為了保護(hù)龐貝遺址，考古學(xué)家們已經(jīng)做了大量的工作。故選D。18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“GabrielZuchtriegel,directorofthePompeiiArchaeologicalPark,toldGoTopNewsthatthesheepinitiative(倡議)isasustainable(可持續(xù)的)projectthatsavesmoneyandprotectsthelandscape.Besides,thesheephavebeepartofthelandscapeitself,bringingtheancientcitybacktolife.“It’salsosomethingthatreallygivesanideaofwhatPompeiiwaslikewhenitwasrediscovered,”saidZuchtriegel.“Itwasforests,vineyards,sheepandthatkindofruralsetting,andinthemiddleofitwasPompeii.”(龐貝考古公園的負(fù)責(zé)人GabrielZuchtriegel告訴GoTopNews，羊的倡議是一個(gè)可持續(xù)的項(xiàng)目，既節(jié)省了資金，又保護(hù)了景觀。此外，羊已經(jīng)成為景觀本身的一部分，使古城重新煥發(fā)生機(jī)。Zuchtriegel說：“這也讓我們真正了解了龐貝被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)的樣子。那里有森林、葡萄園、羊群和那種鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境，而龐貝就在它們的中間?！?”可知，Zuchtriegel認(rèn)為用羊來保護(hù)龐貝遺址不僅僅節(jié)省了資金，還保護(hù)了景觀，使古城煥發(fā)生機(jī)。由此可推測，Zuchtriegel認(rèn)為這一倡議是很好，有助于保護(hù)龐貝遺址。故選A。19.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Believeitornot,sheepareplayinganimportantroleinprotectingtheruinsofPompeii,anancientRomancitythatwasburiedundervolcanicashabout2,000yearsago.(信不信由你，綿羊在保護(hù)大約2000年前被火山灰掩埋的古羅馬城市龐貝遺址方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了在龐貝遺址保護(hù)工作中，羊群被用來幫助保護(hù)遺址不受自然損害的故事。故選B。6“Someinconspicuous(不起眼的)artifacts,onceunearthedandcleaned,cantransportmebackacrosstimeasItouchthem.It’sasthoughIwereinthesamespacewithancientpeoplewholivedmillionsofyearsago.”ThisiswhatXuDanyang,ayoungmemberofthemunistPartyofChinaresponsibleforexcavationoftheNo.4sacrificialpit(祭祀坑)attheSanxingduiruinssiteinDeyang,Sichuanprovince,saysofhisviewofhisjob.Archaeologyusedtobeafieldfewuniversitystudentswantedtostudy,Xusays.However,discoveriesatSanxingduihavechangedstudents’preconceptions.TheincreasingpopularityofSanxingduiisagoodthing,Xusays.ThereasonwhythesitehasattractedinternationalattentionisthatbronzewareandgolddecorationsunearthedtherehavegivenpeoplefreshglimpsesoftheancientShuKingdom,illustratingtheinclusivenessofChinesecivilization.Speakingofthepitteam,Xusaysmorethanhalfthememberswereborninthe1990s.ThedailyworkofXuandhisteamcanbesplitintotwoparts:theindoorworkofreorganizingmaterialsandconductingresearch,andtheoutdoorarchaeologicalfieldwork,bothofwhichrequiregreatmeticulousness(謹(jǐn)小慎微).Theprocessofdigneedscarefulteamwork,andeveryoneperformstheirdutiesextremely.Onedoesnotexpectquicksuccessorinstantrewards.Sopatienceisamust.Theinfinitenatureofhumanhistorycanbereflectedasoneconnectsseeminglyinsignificantdiscoveries.20.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“excavation”inparagraph1mean?A.Discovery. B.Dig. C.Invention. D.Breakthrough.21.WhateffecthavethediscoveriesatSanxingduihadonstudents’viewofarchaeology?A.Decreasedinterestinstudyingarchaeology.B.Nochangeinpeople’sview.C.DecreasedattentiononSanxingdui.D.Increasedinterestinstudyingarchaeology.22.WhathasattractedinternationalattentiontotheSanxingduiruinssite?A.Unearthedbronzewareandgolddecorations.B.Carefulteamwork.C.XuDanyang’sviewofhisjob.D.TheinclusivenatureofChinesecivilization.23.Whatqualityiscrucialforsuccessinthefieldofarchaeology?A.Quicksuccessandinstantrewards.B.Carefulteamworkandpatience.C.Decreasedattention.D.Reorganizingmaterials.【答案】20.B21.D22.A23.B【解析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，文章講述了負(fù)責(zé)挖掘四川省德陽市三星堆遺址4號祭祀坑的徐丹陽談?wù)撍麑脊艑W(xué)的看法，考古過程需要精心的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和耐心。20.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Someinconspicuous(不起眼的)artifacts,onceunearthedandcleaned,cantransportmebackacrosstimeasItouchthem...ThisiswhatXuDanyang,ayoungmemberofthemunistPartyofChinaresponsibleforexcavationoftheNo.4sacrificialpit(祭祀坑)attheSanxingduiruinssiteinDeyang(一些不起眼的文物，一旦出土并清理干凈，當(dāng)我觸摸它們時(shí)，就能把我送回過去……這是負(fù)責(zé)excavation德陽三星堆遺址4號祭祀坑的中國共產(chǎn)黨青年黨員XuDanyang所說的話)”可推知，XuDanyang是負(fù)責(zé)四川德陽三星堆遺址4號祭祀坑挖掘工作的，因此劃線詞excavation的意思是“挖掘”，和Dig意思相近，故選B。21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Archaeologyusedtobeafieldfewuniversitystudentswantedtostudy,Xusays.However,discoveriesatSanxingduihavechangedstudents’preconceptions.(徐說，考古學(xué)曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)很少有大學(xué)生想學(xué)的領(lǐng)域。然而，三星堆的發(fā)現(xiàn)改變了學(xué)生們的先入為主的觀念。)”可知，考古曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)很少有大學(xué)生想學(xué)的領(lǐng)域。然而，三星堆的發(fā)現(xiàn)改變了學(xué)生們的成見，由此可知，三星堆的發(fā)現(xiàn)對學(xué)生的考古學(xué)觀的影響是學(xué)生對學(xué)習(xí)考古的興趣增加了。故選D。22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThereasonwhythesitehasattractedinternationalattentionisthatbronzewareandgolddecorationsunearthedtherehavegivenpeoplefreshglimpsesoftheancientShuKingdom,illustratingtheinclusivenessofChinesecivilization.(該遺址吸引國際關(guān)注的原因是，那里出土的青銅器和金飾讓人們對古蜀國有了新的認(rèn)識，說明了中華文明的包容性。)”可知，中華文明的包容性吸引了國際社會對三星堆遺址的關(guān)注。故選A。23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theprocessofdigneedscarefulteamwork,andeveryoneperformstheirdutiesextremely.Onedoesnotexpectquicksuccessorinstantrewards.Sopatienceisamust.(挖掘的過程需要細(xì)致的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，每個(gè)人都恪盡職守。一個(gè)人不指望一蹴而就或立竿見影。所以耐心是必須的。)”可知，在考古領(lǐng)域取得成功的關(guān)鍵素質(zhì)是細(xì)心的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和耐心。故選B。7OnApril18—theInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites,ChinaDaily’sdigitalemployeeYuanxiandDunhuangMogaoGrottoes’officialvirtualcartoonfigureJiayaotogetherintroducedaninteractivedigitalplatformthathostsavirtualcopyoftheMogaoGrottoes’LibraryCave(藏經(jīng)洞)totheworld.TheplatformwasdevelopedjointlybytheDunhuangAcademyandtheChinesetechfirmTencent.ItusesgamingtechnologiestoshowthehistoricalscenesoftheLibraryCaveinthedigitalworld.TheLibraryCaveinMogaoGrottoeswasdiscoveredin190