PMI培訓(xùn)資料：PMB煉廠電站培訓(xùn)資料-動力分部鍋爐基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)資料

動力分部PowerdivisionPMB煉廠電站培訓(xùn)資料PMBplanttrainingmaterials概述

overview所謂“鍋”：就是汽水系統(tǒng)。Theso-called"pot":thesodasystem.所謂“爐”：就是給煤、煙風(fēng)系統(tǒng)組成的燃燒系統(tǒng)。Theso-called"furnace":itisthecombustionsystemcomposedofcoalandsmokewindsystem.鍋的任務(wù)是盡量把爐內(nèi)的熱量有效地吸收，爐的任務(wù)是盡可能組織高效的放熱，鍋和爐組成了一個完整的能量轉(zhuǎn)換和蒸汽生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。Thetaskofthepotistoeffectivelyabsorbtheheatinthefurnace.Thetaskofthefurnaceistoorganizetheefficientheatrelease,andthecookerandfurnacemakeupacompleteenergyconversionandsteamproductionsystem.目前的發(fā)電方式主要有火力發(fā)電、水力發(fā)電、核能發(fā)電和風(fēng)力發(fā)電等。由于我國的能源以煤為主，所以火力發(fā)電是我國目前主要的發(fā)電方式，占我國發(fā)電總量的70%以上。Themethodsofgenerationnowmainlyincludethermalpowergeneration,hydropowergeneration,nuclearpowergenerationandwindpowergeneration.Withtheenergyofourcountrydominatedbycoal,thermalpowergenerationisthemaingenerationmodeinChina,whichaccountsformorethan70%ofChina'stotalpowergeneration.利用燃料燃燒進(jìn)行發(fā)電的設(shè)備稱為火力發(fā)電機組，它主要有三大設(shè)備組成，即鍋爐、汽輪機和發(fā)電機。（1）燃料在鍋爐中燃燒，化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)變成煙氣的熱能；煙氣的熱能傳遞給工質(zhì)----水，產(chǎn)生高溫高壓的蒸汽。即在鍋爐中完成燃料的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎羝臒崮艿倪^程。TheequipmentthatUSESfueltogenerateelectricityiscalledathermalpowergeneratingset.Itconsistsofthreemaincomponents:boilers,steamturbinesandgenerators.(1)Whenthefuelburnsintheboiler,thechemicalenergywillbechangedintotheheatenergyofthefluegas;Theheatenergyofthefluegasistransferredtotheworkingsubstance-water,whichproduceshightemperatureandhigh-pressuresteam.Theprocessofconvertingthechemicalenergyofthefuelinaboilertotheheatofsteam.（2）高溫高壓蒸汽進(jìn)入汽輪機，體積膨脹，流速增大，蒸汽的熱能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎羝鲃拥膭幽?；高速氣流推動汽輪機葉片轉(zhuǎn)動，進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)換為汽輪機轉(zhuǎn)動的機械能（3）轉(zhuǎn)動的汽輪機直接驅(qū)動發(fā)電機，將機械能通過發(fā)電機的勵磁轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔堋?2)Withthehightemperatureandhighpressuresteamenteringtheturbine,thevolumeexpanding,andtheincreaseofvelocityoftheflow,theheatenergyofthesteamturnsintothekineticenergyofsteamflow.Thehigh-speedairflowpushestheturbinebladestoturn,thenconvertstothemechanicalenergyoftheturbine

(3)therotatingsteamturbinedrivesthegeneratordirectlyandturnsthemechanicalenergyintoelectricitywiththeexcitationofthegenerator.電站的生產(chǎn)過程循環(huán)流化床鍋爐

circulatingfluidizedbedboiler流化床的概念

在流化床中，當(dāng)固體顆粒中有流體通過時，隨著流體速度逐漸增大，固體顆粒開始運動，且固體顆粒之間的摩擦力也越來越大，當(dāng)流速達(dá)到一定值時，固體顆粒之間的摩擦力與它們的重力相等，每個顆粒可以自由運動，所有固體顆粒表現(xiàn)出類似流體狀態(tài)的現(xiàn)象，這種現(xiàn)象稱為流態(tài)化。

Theconceptofthefluidizedbed

Influidizedbed,whenthesolidparticlesgothroughthefluid,withthevelocityincreasinggradually,solidparticlesbegintomove,andthefrictionbetweensolidparticlesisbecomingbiggerandbigger.whenthevelocityreachesacertainvalue,thefrictionbetweensolidparticleswillbeequaltotheirgravity,theneachparticlecanmovefreely.Allsolidparticleswillhavethephenomenon,whichissimilartothestateoffluid,thisphenomenoniscalledfluidization.固體顆粒（床料）、流體（流化風(fēng)）以及完成流態(tài)化過程的設(shè)備稱為流化床。Theequipmentincludingthesolidparticles(bedmaterials),fluids(fluidizedwind),andwhichcancompletefluidizationprocessesiscalledfluidizedbeds.2、循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的構(gòu)成及工作過程

Thecompositionandworkingprocessofcirculatingfluidizedbedboiler循環(huán)流化床鍋爐是由鍋爐本體和輔助設(shè)備組成的。Circulatingfluidizedbedboileriscomposedofboilerbodyandauxiliaryequipment.

（1）鍋爐本體主要包括啟動燃燒器、布風(fēng)裝置、爐膛、氣固分離器、物料回送裝置，以及布有受熱面的煙道、汽包、下降管、水冷壁、過熱器、省煤器及空氣預(yù)熱器等。Mainlyincludes:

boilerstart-upburner,ventilationequipment,furnace,gas-solidseparator,materialloopbackdevice,andtheclothwhichhasaflue,drum,droptubeofheatingsurface,waterwall,superheater,economizerandairpreheater,etc.

（2）輔助設(shè)備主要包括送風(fēng)機、引風(fēng)機、返料風(fēng)機、碎煤機、給煤機、冷渣器、除塵器、煙囪等。由于現(xiàn)在國家對環(huán)保的要求比較高，現(xiàn)在大部分電廠都上了（低氮燃燒）SNCR、SCR來對鍋爐進(jìn)行脫硝，引風(fēng)機后上脫硫裝置進(jìn)行脫硫。(2)auxiliaryequipmentmainlyincludesblower,fan,returnfan,coalcrusher,coalfeeder,coldslag,dustcatcher,chimneyetc.DuetothehighdemandforenvironmentalprotectioninChina,mostpowerplantsnowhave(lownitrogencombustion)SNCRandSCRequipmenttoremovethenitratefromtheboiler,aswellasthedesulfurizationdeviceafterthefan.循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的燃燒方式有以下特點：（1）燃料制備系統(tǒng)相對簡單。（2）燃料處于流化狀態(tài)下燃燒。（3）燃燒溫度較低，一般為850~950℃（4）有物料循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，燃料循環(huán)燃燒，使燃燒更完全。（5）能實現(xiàn)燃燒過程中脫硫。（6）采取分段送風(fēng)燃燒方式。Thecombustionmethodofcirculatingfluidizedbedboilerhasthefollowingcharacteristics:(1)thefuelpreparationsystemisrelativelysimple.(2)thefuelburnsinafluidizedstate.(3)thecombustiontemperatureislow,thegeneralis850~950℃(4)thereisamaterialcirculationsystem,andthefuelcycleburns,makingthecombustionmorecomplete.

(5)desulphurizationcanbeachievedduringcombustion.

(6)adoptthemodeofphasedairsupply.3、循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的典型工作條件

Typicalworkingconditionsofcirculatingfluidizedbedboiler項

目數(shù)

值

項目數(shù)

值床層溫度bedtemperature（℃）850～950床層壓降bedlayerpressuredrop（KPa）6～12流化速度fluidizingvelocity（m/s）4～8爐內(nèi)顆粒濃度Concentrationofparticlesinthefurnace（kg/m3）150～600（爐膛底部）床料粒度Bedmaterialgrainsize（ηm）100～7003～40（爐膛上部）床料密度Bedmaterialdensity（kg/m3）1800～2600Ca/S摩爾比1.5～3燃料粒度fuelparticalsize（mm）0～13壁面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)Wallheattransfercoefficient[W/(m2·K)]130～250脫硫劑粒度Desulfurizersize（mm）0～2汽包(steamdrum)作用(Function):(1)是工質(zhì)加熱、蒸發(fā)、過熱三個過程的連接樞紐．同時作為一個平衡器，保持水冷壁中汽水混合物流動所需壓力isthehingeofthreeprocess,whichincludefluidheating,evaporation,andoverheating.Atthesametimeasabalancer,itcanmeettherequirementofpressure,whichisusedforkeepingtheflowofthemixtureofwaterandsteam(2)容有一定數(shù)量的水和汽，加之汽包本身的質(zhì)量很大，因此有相當(dāng)?shù)男顭崃?，在鍋爐工況變化時．能起緩沖、穩(wěn)定汽壓的作用。Itcancontainsacertainamountofwaterandsteam,andthemassofdrumisverylarge.sothereisaconsiderableamountofheatstorage,whentheboilerconditionschange,itcanplayabufferandtheroleofstablevaporpressure(3)裝設(shè)汽水分離和蒸汽凈化裝置，保證飽和蒸汽的品質(zhì).Installedsteam-waterseparationandsteampurificationdevicetoensurethequalityofsaturatedsteam(4)裝置測量表計及安全附件，如壓力表、水位計、安全閥等保證鍋爐安全運行。Devicemeasuringtableandsafetyaccessories,suchaspressuregauges,waterlevelgauge,safetyvalvetoensuresafeoperationoftheboiler省煤器Economizer省煤器作用：利用鍋爐排煙余熱加熱給水的熱交換器。省煤器吸收排煙余熱，降低排煙溫度，提高鍋爐效率，節(jié)約燃料。另外，由于進(jìn)入汽包的給水，經(jīng)過省煤器提高了水溫，減小了因溫差而引起的汽包壁的熱應(yīng)力，從而改善了汽包的工作條件，延長了汽包的使用壽命。function

:Heatexchangerforheatingwatersupplyfromboilerexhaustheat.Economizercanabsorbexhaustheat,reduceexhaustgastemperature,improveboilerefficiency,andsavefuel.Inaddition,thetemperatureofthewaterincreaseswhenitgoesthroughtheeconomizer,whichreducesthetemperaturedifferencecausedbythethermalstressofthedrumwall,therebyimprovingtheworkingconditionsofthedrum,alsoextendingthelifeofthedrum為保護(hù)省煤器，設(shè)有省煤器再循環(huán)管路，在鍋爐起動過程中進(jìn)行必要的冷卻。Inordertoprotecttheeconomizer,itisequippedwiththeeconomizerrecirculationpipeline,tomakethenecessarycoolingduringthestartofboiler.過熱器Superherter過熱器系統(tǒng)由低溫過熱器、中溫過熱器、高溫過熱屏組成。Superheatersystemconsistoflowtemperaturesuperheater,mediumtemperaturesuperheater,andhightemperaturesuperheatscreencomposition在低溫過熱器與中溫過熱器、中溫過熱器與高溫過熱屏之間管道上，分別布置有一、二噴水減溫器。高溫過熱屏布置在爐膛內(nèi)，低溫過熱器和中溫過熱器布置在尾部煙道中Inthepipelinebetweenthelowtemperaturesuperheaterandthemediumtemperaturesuperheater,aswellasthemediuntemperaturesuperheaterandhightemperatureoverheatingscreen,thereisoneortwospraywaterdesuperheater.Thehightemperaturesuperheatscreenisarrangedinthefurnace,thelowtemperaturesuperheaterandthemediumtemperaturesuperheaterarearrangedinthetailflue.過熱器的作用Function：1).將汽包來的干飽和蒸汽進(jìn)一步加熱使之成為過熱蒸汽.當(dāng)汽水共存時,對汽水混合物加熱,加入的熱量只能用來使汽水混合物中的水蒸發(fā)成為蒸汽,而不能使蒸汽溫度升高成為過熱蒸汽.要想獲得過熱蒸汽,常采用的方法是將蒸汽從汽水混合物中分離出來,對其進(jìn)一步加熱,完成這一任務(wù)的部件成為過熱器.Thehotwaterofthesteam-watermixtureisheatedsothatthesteaminthesteammixturecanbeusedtoevaporatethewaterinthesoftdrinksmixtureintosteam,andthesteamtemperaturecannotberaisedTogetsuperheatedsteam,itisoftenusedtoseparatethesteamfromthesoftwatermixtureandtofurtherheatit,andthecomponentsthataccomplishthistaskbecomesuperheaters.2）降低煙氣溫度,回收煙氣中的熱量,提高鍋爐效率.爐膛出口的煙氣溫度比較高,為800---850度,其中含有很多熱量.煙氣經(jīng)過過熱器后,溫度降至700---800度,過熱器回收了一部分煙氣熱量。Reducethefluegastemperature,therecoveryoffluegasheat,improvetheefficiencyoftheboilerfurnaceoutletfluegastemperatureisrelativelyhigh,800---850degrees,whichcontainsalotofheatafterthesuperheater,thetemperaturedroppedto700--800degrees,thesuperheaterreclaimsapartofthefluegasheat.一次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)Primarywindsystem一次風(fēng)經(jīng)過一次風(fēng)機、管式空氣預(yù)熱器后，通過一次風(fēng)熱風(fēng)道，經(jīng)床下啟動燃燒器，分別進(jìn)入下部的水冷風(fēng)室內(nèi)，再由布風(fēng)板進(jìn)入爐內(nèi)，保證爐內(nèi)物料的流化，并將部分小顆粒物料提升起來。Afterthewindgoingthroughafanandatubularairpreheater,thenitgoesthroughtheprimarywindheatchannel,andstartstheburner,thenrespectivelycomesintothebottomwatercoolingindoor,thencomesintotheboilerbywindplate,toguaranteethefluidizationofthematerialintheboiler,andliftsomesmallgranularmaterial.一次風(fēng)主要是作為爐膛的物料流化風(fēng)。Theprimaryairismainlyusedasthematerialflowofthefurnace.作用：主要用于流化床料，并為燃料提供初始燃燒空氣。作用：主要用于流化床料，并為燃料提供初始燃燒空氣function:Itismainlyusedforfluidizedbedmaterialsandprovidesinitialcombustionairforfuel.二次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)secondaryairsystem主要是為分級燃燒使燃料燃盡、控制爐溫、抑制NOX的產(chǎn)生提供空氣。二次風(fēng)由二臺二次風(fēng)機供給，全部進(jìn)入空氣預(yù)熱器內(nèi)加熱，然后由二次熱風(fēng)道送到爐前墻、后墻，再由多只二次風(fēng)管分兩層不同高度進(jìn)入爐內(nèi)，起到補充燃燒和輸送床料的作用，并實現(xiàn)分級送風(fēng)，降低NOx排放。Mainlyprovideairforthehierarchicalcombustiontoburnout,tocontrolthefurnacetemperature,andinhibittheproductionofNOxThesecondaryairissuppliedbytwosecondaryfans,allpassesintotheairpreheaterheating,andthensenttothefrontwallandthebackwallofthefurnace,andthenpassesintothefurnaceintwodifferentheightbymanysecondaryairducts,toplaytheroleofaddingcombustionandtransportingbedmaterial,andachieving

tosupplyairhierarchically,aswellasreduceNOxemissions.返料風(fēng)系統(tǒng)systemofmaterial-returningairflow作用：返料風(fēng)是推動循環(huán)灰旋風(fēng)分離器分離下來的高溫物料重新返回爐膛的源動力,對自平衡回料裝置對應(yīng)的分離器料腿下方落灰側(cè)和回料斜腿側(cè)兩個區(qū)域的循環(huán)物料分別起到疏松和流化的作用.返料風(fēng)占總風(fēng)量的比例很小,但對壓力要求較高,一般配備獨立的低流量、高壓力的羅茨風(fēng)機。function:Thematerial-returningairisthesourcepowertodrivethehightemperaturematerialseparatedfromthecyclonetoreturntothefurnace,andplayaroleofloosefortheseparatedmaterialandfluidizationforthecirculationmaterialoftheself-balancedrecoverydevice.Thematerial-returningairaccountesfortheproportionoftotalairvolumeisverysmall,buttherequirementsofpressurearehigher,Generallyequippedwithanindependentlowflow,highpressureRootsblower空氣預(yù)熱器Airpreheater空氣預(yù)熱器是利用煙氣余熱，加熱燃料所需空氣的設(shè)備。采用空氣預(yù)熱器使鍋爐排煙溫度降低，鍋爐熱效率升高；由于采用高溫空氣燃燒，改善燃燒條件，使燃料的不完全燃燒熱損失下降，從而可進(jìn)一步提高鍋爐熱效率；此外，采用熱空氣燃燒后，爐內(nèi)溫度升高，輻射傳熱加強，可節(jié)省蒸發(fā)受熱面，這相當(dāng)于以廉價的空氣預(yù)熱器受熱面，取代部分價格較高的蒸發(fā)受熱面，這在鍋爐制造的經(jīng)濟(jì)性上是很合算的。Theairpreheateristheequipmentthatusesthewasteheatofthefluegastoheattheairneededforthefuel.Theairpreheaterisusedtoreducethesmoketemperatureoftheboiler.andtheheatingefficiencyoftheboilercanbeimprovedfurtherly.withthehightemperatureaircombustionusing,theconditionsofthecombustionimproves,andtheheat

lossoftheincompletecombustionreducesandthe

heatingefficiencyoftheboilercanalsobeimprovedfurther.Inaddition,afterthehotairburning,thetemperatureofthefurnacerisesandtheradiationheattransferisstrengthened,whichcansaveevaporationheatingsurface.Thisisequivalenttotheheatingsurfaceofthecheapairpreheater,whichreplacessomehighevaporationheatingsurface,whichisveryeconomicalintheeconomyofboilermanufacturing4.3、燃燒系統(tǒng)combustionsystem燃燒系統(tǒng)的核心部件：燃燒室、旋風(fēng)分離器、返料裝置Thecorecomponentsofthecombustionsystem:Combustionchamber,cycloneseparator,materialrerturnerdevice爐膛（燃燒室）作用:提供燃料燃燒的空間爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)（膜式水冷壁、下部敷設(shè)耐磨耐火材料）旋風(fēng)分離器的作用：1、把從爐膛飛出的固體顆粒從煙氣中分離出來2、實現(xiàn)了燃料循環(huán)燃燒，提高了燃燒效率3、保留足量的固體顆粒，順利完成傳熱Thefunctionofcycloneseparator:1.Toseparatethesolidparticlesflyingoutofthefurnaceareseofthefurnacefromthefluegas2.Torealizethecyclecombustionoffuelandimprovethecombustionefficiency返料裝置的作用：回料器位于分離器的下方,它也是組成主循環(huán)回路的重要部件?；亓掀髯饔檬菍⒎蛛x器分離下來的灰粒子連續(xù)、穩(wěn)定地送回到爐膛實現(xiàn)循環(huán)燃燒，同時，通過在立管及回料器中建立一定高度的循環(huán)物料料位，來實現(xiàn)負(fù)壓運行狀態(tài)下的分離器和正壓運行狀態(tài)下的爐膛密相區(qū)之間的密封，防止?fàn)t內(nèi)煙氣返竄進(jìn)入分離器。Thefunctionofthematerialrerturnerdevice:Thedeviceislocatedatthebottomoftheseparatorandisanimportantpartofthemainloopcircuit.Thefunctionofreurneristosendtheashparticlesseparatedfromtheseparatorcontinuouslyandsteadilytothefurnacetorealizecircularcombustion,meanwhile,acertainheightofcirculatingmaterialsisestablishedintheriserandthebackertorealizethesealingbetweentheseparatorunderthenegativepressureoperatingconditionandthechamberofthefurnaceinthepositivepressureoperation,and

preventthefluegasfromreturningtotheseparator.返料裝置的作用：回料器和回料立管均由鋼板卷制而成，內(nèi)側(cè)敷設(shè)有防磨和絕熱保溫材料層?；亓掀鞣邓臀锪系膭幽?，來自于回料器上升段和下降段的不同配風(fēng)，其用風(fēng)由單獨的高壓流化風(fēng)機提供，高壓風(fēng)通過其底部風(fēng)箱以及布置在回料器閥體上的三層充氣口進(jìn)入回料器。進(jìn)入回料器風(fēng)箱的管道和每層充氣管路上都設(shè)有各自的風(fēng)量測點，以便測量出流經(jīng)各管道的準(zhǔn)確風(fēng)量，并由調(diào)節(jié)閥來調(diào)節(jié)、分配風(fēng)量，實現(xiàn)定量送風(fēng)。在回料器閥體和立管上設(shè)有壓力測點，用以實現(xiàn)對壓差的監(jiān)控。

在回料器下部，設(shè)有事故排灰口，用于回料器的停爐檢修及緊急情況下的排灰。Thefunctionofthematerialrerturnerdevice：Thebackerandbackfeedriseraremadeofsteelplate,andtheinnerlayerisequippedwithanti-wearandadiabaticinsulationmaterial。Thekineticenergyofthematerialreturnedfromthereflectorcomesfromthedifferentdistributionofthematerialintherisinganddescendingsegmentsofthereflector，andthewindisprovidedbyaseparatehigh-pressureflowfan,thehighpressurewindentersthefeederthroughitsbottombellowsandthethree-plyinflatableinletonthebodyofthebacker。Thepipesofthehopperandeachofthegas-filledtubeshavetheirownairvolumepoints,tomeasuretheaccurateairflowthroughthepipes,andadjustanddistributetheairquantitybyregulatingvalvetoachievethequantitativedelivery。Pressuremeasuringpointsareprovidedonthebodyofthebackerandtheriser,toimplementthemonitoringofdifferentialpressure.。

Inthelowerpartofthebackfeeder,thereisanaccidentdischargeport,whichisusedforthestoppingfurnaceofthefeeder.三、PMB電站主要工藝介紹1、鍋爐部分（本期共上5臺鍋爐）(1)、鍋爐采用室外露天布置，運轉(zhuǎn)層設(shè)大平臺，爐頂設(shè)輕型屋蓋。(2)鍋爐燃燒系統(tǒng)一次風(fēng)機、二次風(fēng)機和引風(fēng)機按照雙風(fēng)機設(shè)置，均采用帶液偶調(diào)速的離心式風(fēng)機，高壓羅茨風(fēng)機三臺。(3)每臺鍋爐設(shè)置兩臺鋼制原煤倉，所儲煤量能夠保證每臺鍋爐在額定負(fù)荷下燃用設(shè)計煤質(zhì)運行10小時。給煤機型式為電子稱重皮帶式給煤機。(4)每臺鍋爐設(shè)一臺高效電袋除塵器，煙塵排放濃度不大于25mg/Nm3。

TheintroductionofthemainprocessofPMBpowerplant1、Thepartofboiler(5boilersintotal)(1)Theboileradoptsoutdoorlayout,theoperatingfloorhasalargeplatform,andtheroofofthefurnaceisprovidedwithlightroof(2)theprimaryairfan,thesecondaryairfanandtheincludeddraftfanoftheboilersystemaresetaccodingtothedoublefans.Andusethecentrifugalventilatorwiththespeedofthebelt,aswellasthreeHighpressurerootsblower。(3)Eachboilersetstwosteelcoals,theamountofcoalreservescanensurethateachboilercanrunfor10hoursundertheratedload。Thecoalmachinetypeistheelectronicweighingbeltfeeder。(4)Eachboilersetsupahighefficiencyelectricbag,theconcentrationofsootisnotgreaterthan25mg/Nm3.

(5)脫硫采用爐外濕法海水脫硫，爐內(nèi)脫硫本期僅預(yù)留鍋爐接口。爐后煙氣采用海水脫硫系統(tǒng)，5臺鍋爐配2套海水法煙氣脫硫裝置（FGD），處理全部煙氣，SO2排放濃度不大于100mg/Nm3。；引風(fēng)機與脫硫增壓風(fēng)機合二為一；不設(shè)置煙氣再熱器（GGH），脫硫后的凈煙氣經(jīng)煙囪排放，考慮主設(shè)備安全運行因素，設(shè)置煙氣旁路系統(tǒng)。(6)鍋爐補充床料采用機械+氣力輸送加料系統(tǒng)，用斗式提升機把床料提升到料倉，通過料倉下部的倉泵將床料輸送到爐膛。(7)鍋爐煙氣脫硝采用非選擇性催化還原法（SNCR），NOx排放濃度不大于100mg/Nm3，還原劑采用尿素溶液。(8)采用兩座100m鋼筋混凝土單筒煙囪，每個內(nèi)筒出口內(nèi)徑4.0m，采用賓高德玻璃磚防腐。(5)Desulphurizationisappliedtothedesulphurizationofseawaterfromtheoutsideofthefurnace，thefurnacedesulfurizationisonlyreservedforboilerinterface。Afterthefurnace,thefluegasbehind

thefurnaceistreatedbythesystemofdesulfurizationbyseawater，5boilersareequippedwith2FGD，totreatallfluegas，theemissionconcentrationof

SO2isnotgreaterthan100mg/Nm3。Thefaniscombinedwiththedesulfurizationturbofan,anditdosenotsetthefluegasreheater，thenetfluegasafterdesulfurizationisdischargedbychimney，Consideringthesafetyoperationfactorofthemainequipment,itshouldsetupthefluegasbypasssystem.(6)Theboilerreplenishingbedmaterialadoptsmechanical+pneumaticconveyingfeedingsystem，andliftthebedmaterialintothehopperwithabucketelevator，aswellasconveythebedmaterialtothefurnacebythelowerpartofthesilopump.(7)TheSNCRisusedfordenitrationofthefuelgas，NOxemissionconcentrationisnotgreaterthan100mg/Nm3，Thereducingagentadoptsureasolution。(8)Two100-meterreinforcedconcretesinglechimneysareused，eachinnertubeoutlethasadiameterof4.0meters，anditusethebingoidglassbrickforcorrosionprevention。（9）輸煤系統(tǒng)分入庫和入爐兩個系統(tǒng)。

入庫系統(tǒng)由門型吊、皮帶輸送機、堆取料機組成。

入爐系統(tǒng)由堆取料機、雙路皮帶輸送機、兩級破碎機、兩級振動篩等組成

（10）輸灰系統(tǒng)采用正壓濃相氣力輸灰

（11）輸渣系統(tǒng)采用冷渣機+皮帶輸送機+渣倉（9）Thecoal-conveyingsystemisdividedintotwosystems:thewarehousingandtheentranceintothefurnace。

Thewarehousingsystemconsistofdoortypecrane,beltconveyorandpilecollectingunit。

Thefurnacesystemconsistofstackingmachine,doublebeltconveyor,two-stagecrusherandtwo-stagevibratingscreen

（10）Theashsystemadoptsthepositivepressureconcentrationtotransporttheash

（11）Theslagsystemadoptsthecoldslagmachine+beltconveyor+slagbin3、公用部分(1)本工程設(shè)一臺燃油快裝式啟動鍋爐、Q=50t/hP=1.0MPa(g),t=230℃。(2)鍋爐點火燃料為#0輕柴油，設(shè)油泵房和1座100m3的鋼制輕油罐。(3)壓縮空氣系統(tǒng)分儀用和廠用兩個系統(tǒng)，壓縮空氣氣源由除灰空壓站統(tǒng)一提供，壓縮空氣壓力約為0.5～0.8MPa（g）。(4)主廠房設(shè)置一套閉式循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)，為汽機專業(yè)、鍋爐專業(yè)及煤灰專業(yè)的輔機提供冷卻水，冷卻水介質(zhì)為除鹽水。

4、主機技術(shù)參數(shù)4.1、鍋爐

鍋爐型號：Boilermodel:SG-380/9.8鍋爐最大蒸發(fā)量（B-MCR）：Boilermaximumevaporationcapacity(B-MCR):380t/h過熱蒸汽壓力：Pressureofsuperheatedsteam:9.81MPa過熱蒸汽溫度：Superheatedsteamtemperature:540℃給水溫度（B-MCR）：Feedwatertemperature(B-MCR):193℃空預(yù)器進(jìn)風(fēng)溫度：Inletairtemperatureofairpre-heater:42℃鍋爐正常排污率：Normalboilerblowdownrate:<1%5、燃料制備系統(tǒng)及設(shè)備選擇本工程鍋爐燃料通過給煤機及管道輸送兩種方式同時入爐燃燒。燃煤（破碎后的粒徑＜10mm）由輸煤專業(yè)的雙路皮帶送至主廠房煤倉間內(nèi)的原煤倉，然后經(jīng)落煤管由稱重式皮帶給煤機送入鍋爐。污泥通過污泥輸送系統(tǒng)輸送，由污水處理單元送至鍋爐接口。每臺鍋爐設(shè)2只方錐形金屬煤倉，每個煤倉的有效容積為438m3，燃燒設(shè)計煤種時能滿足鍋爐BMCR負(fù)荷下10小時的耗煤量，符合《小型火力發(fā)電廠設(shè)計規(guī)范》（GB50049-2011）的要求。本工程采用爐前一級給煤，每臺鍋爐的爐前設(shè)有4臺耐壓稱重式皮帶給煤機，給煤機采用扇形布置，當(dāng)停用1臺給煤機時，給煤線路的總?cè)萘磕軡M足鍋爐BMCR工況時耗煤量。每臺給煤機輸送能力3-27t/h。5、FuelpreparationsystemandequipmentselectionThefuelofthisengineeringboilerisfiredbyfeedingthecoalmachineandpipeintwowayssimultaneously。thecoal（thebrokenparticlesize＜10mm)issenttotheoriginalcoalbunkerinthecoalwarehouseofthemainworkshopbythedualbeltofcoaltransportation，thenthecoaltubeissenttotheboilerbytheweighingbelt。Thesludgeistransportedthroughsludgeconveyingsystem，thesewagedisposalunitisdeliveredtotheboilerinterface。Eachboilersets2conicalmetalcoalbunker,eachofwhichhasaneffectivecapacityof438mcubed，andthecombustiondesigncansatisfythecoalconsumptionoftheboilerBMCRundertheloadof10hours，andmeettherequirementsofthedesignspecificationforsmallthermalpowerplant(gb50049-2011)。Theprojectadoptsthewaywhichprovidecoalatthefrontofthefurnace，eachboilerisequippedwithfourpressureweighingbeltfeederbelts，andthecoalfeedertakethefanlayout.Whenoneofthemisdeactivated，thetotalcapacityofthecoallinecansatisfythecoalconsumptionduringBMCRworkingcondition。Eachmachinecandeliver3-27t/htothecoalmachine。原煤供給系統(tǒng)采用正壓給料，運行時，為防止煙氣反竄，落煤口設(shè)有播煤風(fēng)，播煤風(fēng)采用熱一次風(fēng)，通過氣力播煤將燃料送進(jìn)爐膛。為防止煤粉外漏，對給煤機采用密封風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，密封風(fēng)氣源為冷一次風(fēng)。在每個用氣點前有隔離閥。為確保給煤機的安全，給煤機出口的落煤管設(shè)有電動密封關(guān)斷門。6、風(fēng)煙系統(tǒng)及設(shè)備選擇鍋爐采用平衡通風(fēng)，空氣系統(tǒng)采用分段送風(fēng)，燃燒系統(tǒng)根據(jù)鍋爐廠提供的鍋爐煙風(fēng)系統(tǒng)擬定。Therawcoalsupplysystemadoptspositivepressurefeeding，Whenitruns,thedistributingairissetinthecoaloutlet,，topreventthefluegasfromrunning.Thedistributingairusestheprimarywind,tosendthefueltothefurnacebymeansofthepneumaticcoal.Inordertopreventtheleakageofcoalpowder,thesealingwindsystemisadoptedforthecoalmachine,andthesourceofwindisthecoldprimarywind。Theisolationvalveisinfrontofeachgaspoint.Inordertoensurethesafetyofthecoalmachine,thecoaloutletofthecoalseamisprovidedwithanelectricsealtoshutoffthedoor。6、SmokesystemandequipmentselectionTheboileradoptsbalancedventilation，theairsystemissentinsections，thecombustionsystemisdevelopedaccordingtotheboilersmokewindsystemprovidedbytheboilerplant。鍋爐采用管式空氣預(yù)熱器，一次風(fēng)和二次風(fēng)同時在空氣預(yù)熱器內(nèi)被加熱。本工程一、二次風(fēng)均不設(shè)暖風(fēng)器。6.1、一次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)一次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)主要是為循環(huán)流化床鍋爐提供流化介質(zhì)的動力，使煤在鍋爐爐膛內(nèi)實現(xiàn)流化狀態(tài)燃燒，并作為燃料給料系統(tǒng)的輸送介質(zhì)。一次風(fēng)由兩臺50%容量定速電機驅(qū)動的單吸雙支承離心式風(fēng)機供給。一次風(fēng)風(fēng)量通過風(fēng)機入口調(diào)節(jié)檔板以及液力偶合器兩種方式來調(diào)節(jié)。Boileradoptstubularairpreheater,theprimarywindandthesecondarywindareheatedintheairpreheater.Noairheaterisusedinthisproject.6.1、PrimarywindsystemAwindsystemismainlyforcirculatingfluidizedbedboilertoprovidethepoweroffluidizedmedia，thecoalisburnedintheboilerfurnace，andasthetransportmediumoffuelfeedsystem。Asinglesuctiondualsupportedcentrifugalfansuppliedbytwo50%capacity-speedmotors.thewindairvolumeisadjustedbythefaninletadjustingdamperandhydrauliccoupling.6.2、二次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)二次風(fēng)系統(tǒng)主要是為循環(huán)流化床鍋爐提供煤粒足夠的燃燒用空氣，同時實現(xiàn)燃料分級燃燒。空氣經(jīng)二次風(fēng)機升壓后，分兩路進(jìn)入管式空氣預(yù)熱器加熱，加熱后的熱二次風(fēng)進(jìn)入爐膛兩側(cè)的環(huán)形二次風(fēng)箱，每路風(fēng)道上均設(shè)有流量測量裝置和電動調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)門。二次風(fēng)由兩臺50%容量定速電機驅(qū)動的單吸雙支承離心式風(fēng)機供給。二次風(fēng)風(fēng)量通過風(fēng)機入口調(diào)節(jié)檔板以及液力偶合器兩種方式來調(diào)節(jié)。6.2、SecondarywindsystemThesecondaryairsystemismainlyforthecirculatingfluidizedbedboilertoprovidecoalgranulesufficientcombustionair，andalsoachievesthefuelfractionalcombustion.Thepressureofairisincreasedbythesecondarywindsystem,thenenterstubeairpreheaterheatingfromtwochannels.Afterheating,thehotsecondarywindgoesintotheringdoublebellowsonbothsidesofthefurnace，eachchannelisequippedwiththeflowmeasurementdeviceandelectricregulatingdamper.Thesecondarywindissuppliedbytwo-half-capacity-speedmotor-drivensingle-suctiondual-supportedcentrifugalfan。

Thesecondaryairvolumeisadjustedbythefaninletadjustingdamperandhydrauliccoupling.6.3、高壓流化風(fēng)系統(tǒng)高壓流化風(fēng)機提供高壓流化風(fēng)至旋風(fēng)分離器、回料器，將分離器分離出來的物料再送入爐膛進(jìn)行循環(huán)燃燒。本工程的高壓流化風(fēng)機選用3臺50%容量的羅茨風(fēng)機，兩運一備.6.3HighpressurefluidizedwindsystemHighpressurefluidizedfanprovideshighpressurefluidizedwindtocycloneseparatorandfeeder,andsendsthematerialseparatedfromtheseparatortothefurnaceforcircularcombustion.Andthehighpressurefluidizedfanofthisprojectuses350%capacityoftherootsblower,andtwoofthemareworking,aswellasoneisinreserve.6.4煙氣系統(tǒng)鍋爐燃燒產(chǎn)生的高溫?zé)煔馐紫冉?jīng)高效汽冷式旋風(fēng)分離器分離，煙氣中大的顆粒飛灰被分離后返回爐膛，而煙氣攜帶的飛灰小顆粒流經(jīng)鍋爐尾部受熱面，進(jìn)入管式空氣預(yù)熱器，再進(jìn)入布電袋除塵器收塵后，由引風(fēng)機送入脫硫系統(tǒng)，煙氣經(jīng)脫硫后進(jìn)入煙囪排大氣。引風(fēng)機輸送含塵且溫度較高的煙氣，工作條件較差。本工程鍋爐本體系統(tǒng)阻力相比煤粉爐較大，爐后采用電袋除塵器，同時又考慮到尾部濕法脫硫的增壓風(fēng)機與引風(fēng)機合并，風(fēng)機的壓升很高。因此本工程引風(fēng)機選用2臺50%容量的單吸雙支撐離心式風(fēng)機。為了增加引風(fēng)機的調(diào)節(jié)性能，本工程引風(fēng)機采用入口調(diào)節(jié)擋板及液力偶合器兩種調(diào)節(jié)方式。6.4FluegassystemThehightemperaturefluegasproducedbyboilerisseparatedbyhighefficiencysteamcycloneseparatorfirstly，andthelargeparticlesoffluegasareseparatedandreturnedtothefurnace，Andtheflyashparticlesofthefluegascarriesthroughtheboilertailheatingsurface,passesintothetubeairpreheater，thenenterstheclothbagdustcollector，andissenttodesulfurizationsystembyfan,andthefluegasentersthechimneyairafterdesulfurization。Theexhaustgaswithhightemperatureanddustcanbetransportedbythefan,andtheworkingconditionsarepoor。Thesystemresistanceoftheengineeringboilerislargerthanthatofcoaldustfurnace，andadoptstheelectricbagfilterafterthefurnace，atthesametime,consideringthecombinationofthesuperchargingfanwiththetailwetmethoddesulfurizationandthefan,thepressureofthefanishigh。Therefore,thisprojectisusedtoselect250%capacitysinglesuctiondoublesupportcentrifugalfan。Inordertoincreasetheregulationperformanceofthefan,thisprojectisusedtoadjustthedamperandhydrauliccoupling.7、啟動床料系統(tǒng)在鍋爐首次啟動、放空全部或部分床料檢修后再次啟動、正常運行時，需要向爐膛內(nèi)加入或補充床料；在啟動過程中，投入煤前，為了彌補床料損失，也需加入啟動床料，維持料位的穩(wěn)定。本工程采用固定機械式+氣力輸送加床料系統(tǒng)。在鍋爐旁設(shè)置床料斗，用斗提機將床料送至料斗，然后通過倉泵將床料送至回料器；7、ThestartingsystemofbedmaterialWhentheboilerstartsup,emptiesallorpartofthebedmaterialtostartagain,andnormaloperation,itneedstoaddthebedmaterialtothefurnace,Inthestart-upprocess,beforethecoalputinto,inordertocompensateforthelossofthebedmaterial,italsoneedstobeaddedtothebedmaterialtomaintainthestabilityofthefeedingposition。Theprojectadoptsfixedmechanical,pneumaticconveyingandfeedingsystem。Andsetupthebedhoppernexttotheboiler,feedthebedmaterialtothehopperwiththebucket,andthensendthebedmaterialtothehopperthroughthewarehousepump；8、電袋除塵器

本工程采用電袋除塵器，本工程的煙囪出口煙塵排放濃度限值為25mg/Nm3。根據(jù)燃燒計算結(jié)果，滿足環(huán)保要求時，電袋除塵效率應(yīng)不低于99.9%。根據(jù)本工程場地條件、入口含塵濃度及除塵效率要求，每臺鍋爐選用一臺電袋除塵器，除塵器設(shè)計以鍋爐BMCR工況為基準(zhǔn)，并留有下述裕量：煙氣量+10%，煙氣溫度+15℃。8、electric-bagfilterThisprojectadoptselectricbagdustcollector，andtheconcentrationlimitofsmokeemissioninthechimneyofthisprojectis25mg/Nm3。Accordingtothecombustioncalculationresults,theefficiencyofelectricbagdustremovalshouldnotbelessthan99.9%,tomeettheenvironmentalrequirements。Andaccordingtotheconditionsofthesite,theconcentrationofdustandtheefficiencyofdustremoval,eachboilershouldbeusedasadustcollector，andfilterdesignisbasedonboilernamelyBMCRcondition,andhasthefollowingallowance:smokega