英語(yǔ)-上海市閔行區(qū)2024屆高三上學(xué)期學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量調(diào)研試題（一模）試題和答案

2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三年級(jí)學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量調(diào)研(考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分)考生注意：1.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。2.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙規(guī)定的地方張貼條形碼并填寫考生號(hào)和姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inagrocerystore.B.Atthewedding.C.Inarestaurant.D.Atacafe.2.A.￡120.B.￡160.C.￡180.D.￡240.3.A.Bytakingtrains.B.Bytakingcoaches.C.Byrentingacar.D.Bytakingataxi.4.A.Exhausting.B.Pleasant.C.Boring.D.Educational.5.A.Thewoman’stourtoZhejiangprovince.B.Thewoman’suniversitylife.C.Thewoman’simpressionofthemuseum.D.Thewoman’suniversitytour.6.A.Sheistootiredtoenjoythefilm.B.Shehasseenthefilmbefore.C.Sheiseagertoseethenewfilm.D.Shehasnointerestinthefilm.7.A.Toexpresshersympathy.B.Tolifttheman’sspirits.C.Toshowherdisappointment.D.Tohighlighttheman’stalent.8.A.Shewasasconfidentasshelooked.B.Shesangwithallherheart.C.Shecouldhardlyfinishthesong.D.Shefeltextremelynervous.9.A.It’smuchbetterthanexpected.B.It’ssurprisinglyoutstanding.C.It’saverage,nothingtowritehomeabout.D.It’ssomethingterribleheneverfancied.10.A.Heregrettednothavingpreparedsufficiently.B.Heisn’tawareofthetopicsofthespeakingtest.C.Hehaspreparedeverythingfortheoralexam.D.Hediscussedthepreparedtopicsintheoralexam.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Low-incomeMexicanstudentswhowanttobepilots.B.Low-incomeCalifornianstudentswholiveinMexico.C.Low-incomeMexicanstudentswholiveneartheUSborder.D.Low-incomeCalifornianstudentswhowanttoattendcommunitycolleges.12.A.$1,500.B.$7,200.C.$8,000.D.$10,000.13.A.HelpingCaliforniansbecomelawmakersintheUS.B.IncreasingdiversityamongworkforceintheUS.C.MakingiteasyforMexicanstoachieveeducation.D.AvoidinglossoftalentintheUnitedStates.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingspeech.14.A.Toreduceunemploymentrates.B.Toincreaseworkers’salaries.C.ToattractinternationalcompaniestotheUK.D.Tocheckifashorterworkweekisachievable.15.A.Toreduceemployees’expenses.B.Tomeetemployees’preferences.C.Toincreaseproductivity.D.Tofollowgovernmentregulations.16.A.Awaytoattractandkeeptalent.B.Atrendintheworkplace.C.Atry-outofanewworkweekpolicy.D.Ademandforhigherpay.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.High-qualityequipment.B.Agreatamountofpractice.C.Personalphysicalcondition.D.Previoussportingexperience.18.A.Informsomeoneofyourreturntime.B.Staymindfulofyoursurroundings.C.Tellsomeonehowyoucanbeidentified.D.Usethemostadvancedboardandsail.19.A.Teachingandsharing.B.Connectionwithnature.C.Competitionsandchallenges.D.Speedandexcitement.20.A.Explorenewwindsurfingdestinations.B.Takepartinwindsurfingcompetitions.C.Develophigh-qualityboards.D.Startawindsurfingbusiness.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Therainforestsarealivewiththesoundofanimals.Besidesthepleasureofthenoise,itisusefultoecologists.Listeningoutforanimalcallsisconsideredamethodofmeasuringthebiodiversityofapieceofland.(21)itismucheasierthandiggingunderthebusheslookingfortracks,suchanalysisistime-consuming.Italsorequires(22)expertpairofears.InapaperpublishedinNatureCommunications,agroupofresearchersledbyJ?rgMüller,anecologistattheUniversityofWürzburg,describeabetterway:haveacomputerdothejob.Smartphoneappsalreadyexistthrough(23)thesoundsofbirdsormammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)canbeidentified.Theresearcherstookrecordingsfromacross43sitesintheEcuadoreanRainforest(厄瓜多爾雨林).Somesiteswererelativelyprimitive,old-growthforests.Otherswereareasthat(24)(clear)forpasture(牧場(chǎng))already.Soundrecordingsweretakenfourtimeseveryhour,overtwoweeks.Thevariouscallswereidentifiedmanuallybyanexpert,andthenusedtoconstructalistofthespeciespresent.Asexpected,thelongerthelandhadbeenfreefromagriculturalactivity,themoresignificantthebiodiversityithosted.Thenitwasthecomputer’sturn.Theresearchersfedtheirrecordingsto(25)(train)AImodels,usingsoundsamplesfromelsewhereinEcuador,toidentify75birdspeciesfromtheircalls.TheyfoundtheAItoolscouldidentifythesoundsaswellastheexperts.Noteverythinginarainforestmakesanoise.Havingusedlight-trapstocapturenight-flyinginsectsandDNAanalysis(26)(identify)them,DrMüllerandhiscolleaguesfoundthediversityofnoisyanimalswasareliableindicatorforthediversityofthequieter(27),too.Theresultsmayhaverelevanceoutsideecologydepartments,too.Underpressure(28)theircustomers,somemake-upcompaniesandoilfirmshavebeenspendingmoneyonforestrestorationprojects.DrMüllerhopesanautomatedapproachto(29)(check)ontheresultscouldhelpmonitorsuchefforts.Thismethodwouldalsoprovideastandardizedwaytomeasure(30)theyareworkingaswellastheirsponsorssay.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.mineF.anticipatingK.unfavorableB.criteriaG.comprisedC.catalogedH.perceivingD.candidateI.initiativeE.delayJ.compoundsWhatLiesBeneath“Earth”hasalwaysbeenanoddchoiceofnameforthethirdplanetfromtheSun.Afterall,analien(外星人)examiningitthroughatelescopewouldnotethattwo-thirdsofitssurfaceis 31notoflandbutofoceansofwater.Marinebiologiststhinktheoceansmighthostmorethan2,000,000speciesofmarineanimals,ofwhichtheyhavesofar32perhapsatenth.Anew33hopestochangethis.SmoothlylaunchedinLondononApril27th,OceanCensus(海洋普查)aimstodiscover100,000newspeciesofmarineanimaloverthecomingdecade.Theattemptishappeningnowfortworeasons.Oneisthat,thelongerscientists34,thefewertherewillbetodocument.Climatechangeisheatingtheoceans,aswellasmakingthemmoreacidicascarbondioxideisabsorbedintothewater.Thesecondoneistechnological.Marinebiologistsdiscoverabout2,000newspeciesayear,aratehardlychangedsinceDarwin’sday.OceanCensusis35itcangofaster.“Cybertaxonomy(網(wǎng)絡(luò)分類學(xué))”,forinstance,involvesfeedinganimalDNAinformationintocomputers,whichcanquicklydecidewhetheritmeetsthe36foranewspecies.Exactlywhattheneweffortmightturnup,ofcourse,isimpossibletoforecast.Buthistorysuggestsitwillbefruitful.Halfacenturyagoscientistsdetectedhotopeningsontheseabedthatwerehometoorganismslivinghappilyinconditionsthat,untilthen,hadbeenthought37tolife.Thesedays,suchopeningsareonecredible38fortheoriginofalllifeonEarth.Morepracticalbenefitscan’tbeignored.Manydrugs,forexample,comeoriginallyfrombiological39.Anoceanfullofunrecordedlifewillalmostcertainlyprovearichseam(礦層)fromwhichto40more.Tohelpmakeuseofitsdata,OceanCensusplanstomakeitattainabletoscientistsandthepublicwithoutcharge,whowillbeabletosearchitforanythingvaluableorunexpected.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.MantheHunter,akeyideainhumansciences,proposesthathuntingwasamajordriverofhumanevolutionandthatmenconductedthisactivity,leavingwomenout.Itholdsthathumanancestorshadadivisionof41,rootedinbiologicaldifferencesbetweenmalesandfemales,inwhichmalesevolvedtohuntandprovide,andfemalestendedtochildrenanddomesticduties.Itassumesthatmalesare42superiortofemalesandthatpregnancy(懷孕)andchild-caringreduceoreliminate(根除)afemale’sabilitytohunt.MantheHunterhasdominatedthestudyofhumanevolutionfornearlyhalfacenturyandspreadthroughpopular43.Itisrepresentedinmuseumdisplaysandtextbookfigures,Saturdaymorningcartoonsandfeaturefilms.Thethingis,it’s44.Researcherslookatthedamageonourancestors’remainsforcluestotheir45.Neandertalfemalesandmalesdonotvaryin46patternsorexhibitsexdifferencesindiseasesfromrepetitiveactions.Theirskeletonsshowthesamemodesofwearandtear.Thisdiscoveryimpliesthattheywereengagingin47activities,fromhuntinglargegameanimalstoprocessingfurforleather.Observationsofrecentandcontemporarysocietiesprovidedirectevidenceofwomen48 hunting.AgtapeopleofthePhilippines,49,huntwhilepregnantandbreastfeeding,andtheyhavethesamehuntingsuccessasAgtamen.Arecentstudyofcross-culturalobservationaldatalastingthepast100years—muchofwhichwas50byMantheHuntercontributors—foundthatwomenfromawiderangeofcultureshuntanimalsforfood.79percentofthe63societieswithcleardescriptionsoftheirhuntingstrategiesreportedlyfeaturewomen51.Thewomenareinvolvedinhuntingregardlessoftheirchildbearingstatus.Muchaboutfemaleexercisescienceandthe52ofprehistoricwomenremainstobediscovered.Buttheideathatinthepastmenwerehuntersandwomenwerenotisabsolutely 53evenbythelimitedevidencewehave.Nowwhenyouthinkof“cavepeople”,wehope,youwillimaginea(n)54groupofhunterssurroundingadeerorhittingstonetoolstogetherratherthanaheavy-browedmanwithaheavystickoveroneshoulder.Huntingmayhavebeenremadeasa55activityinrecenttimes,butformostofhumanhistory,itbelongedtoeveryone.41.A.foodB.laborC.resourceD.power42.A.technicallyB.sociallyC.physicallyD.intellectually43.A.cultureB.beliefC.scienceD.awareness44.A.wrongB.unbelievableC.simpleD.reasonable45.A.emotionB.appearanceC.dietD.behavior46.A.injuryB.interactionC.growthD.settlement47.A.variousB.identicalC.outdoorD.manual48.A.takingoverB.sufferingfromC.longingforD.participatingin49.A.infactB.asawholeC.forinstanceD.asaresult50.A.quotedB.ignoredC.collectedD.stored51.A.supportersB.pioneersC.leadersD.hunters52.A.hobbiesB.statusC.livesD.rights53.A.establishedB.unsupportedC.developedD.misguided54.A.ever-growingB.self-governingC.mixed-sexD.multi-cultural55.A.teamB.sportingC.leisureD.maleSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)CanadageeseareacommonandplentifulNorthAmericanbirdfoundinmanyurbanparks,golfcourses,airports,orareaswithlargelawnsnearwater.Theyarealargewaterbirdwithafairlybrownbody,palebreast,andlongblackneckwithwhitecheeks.Canadageeseareparticularlyattractedtourbanareasforthemanygrassylawnsnearsmallbodiesofwater.Theycanoftenbeseenfeedingonlawnsorplayinginshallowwaterbytippingforwardandextendingtheirnecksunderwatertoreachforplants.Canadageeseprefertogatheringinlargeflocks(群)andcanbeseenflyingoverintheclassicVformation.InChicago,Canadageesemayremaininthecitythroughouttheyear,althoughsomegeesegetusedtomovinglongdistancestomoresouthernsectionsforthewinterornorthwardinspringtobreed.Eachbreedingseason,pairsbuildlargeopencupgroundnestsandlay2to8eggswhichareraisedinasinglebrood(窩).Urbanhabitatsarealsoattractivetothisspeciesasneatly-maintainedlawnsmakeiteasywhengrazingwithyoungtokeepwatchforapproachingenemies.Itis,however,theiruseoftheseurbanareasthatoftenleadstoconflictswithhumans.AsCanadageesenumbersrise,sodotheirconflictswithhumans.Canadageese’sdailyactivitiesmaydamagegardensandlandscaping.Geesemayalsocrossroadswhensearchingforfoodorwalkingbetweennestingsitesandbodiesofwater,slowingmovementorposingapotentialriskontheroadway.Althoughdirectinjuriesbyfiercegeeseareuncommon,peoplesometimesfallandpickupinjurieswhensurprisedbyacharginggoose.Additionally,peopleoftenfeedthebirds.Notonlyarethetypesoffoodpeopletypicallyprovide,suchasbread,unhealthyforthebirds,butthisencourageshighconcentrationsofgeeseleadingtomoreharmfulbehaviorandhigherriskofdiseases.Lastly,plane-birdconflictsareestimatedtoberising,likelyduetoincreasingnumbersofplanes,butalsoincreasesinpopulationsofcertainbirdspecies,includingCanadageese.Althoughcrashesrarelyresultinanaccident,theyoftencausecostlydamagetoplanes.56.WhatdoweknowaboutCanadageesefromthefirstandsecondparagraph?A.Theyareavaluedandrarespecies.B.Theyliketospendtimenearwater.C.Theyalwayslivequietlyandseparately.D.Theirappearanceisinauniformandsinglecolor.57.Whichofthefollowingwordsfromthepassageissimilarinmeaningto“grazing”(paragraph3)?A.feeding(paragraph2)B.playing(paragraph2)C.gathering(paragraph2)D.moving(paragraph3)58.Fromthesentence“Althoughdirectinjuries…”(inthelastparagraph),weknowthatCanadageesearelikelyto.A.adorehumansB.threatenhumansC.frustratehumansD.safeguardhumans59.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingisnotthetroublecausedbyanincreasingnumberofgeese?A.Frequentaircrashes.B.Damagetocityview.C.Trafficjamanddanger.D.Indirecthumaninjuries.(B)15THOCT2023CULTUREGazelleTwin,acomposer,producer,andmusician,opensupaboutbeingaconceptualartistandestablishingauniqueidentityaheadofthereleaseofhernewalbum(專輯),BlackDog.Q:Wouldyoudescribeyourmusicasconceptual?A:Conceptualisagoodterm.Idon’tmakemusicjustforthesakeofmakingmusic.Myrecordsareinspiredbythemes.Ispendaconsiderableamountoftimebeforewritingthemusic,learningaboutsubjectsrelatedtothetheme.ThenIworkonthestructureofthealbum.Ideascanchange.Forexample,BlackDogwasoriginallyaboutghosts(幽靈),butIendedupwithanalbumaboutmychildhoodexperiences,throughtoadulthoodandparenthood,andtheanxietyandfearthathasbeenwithmeduringthattime.Q:Throughoutthealbum,thereisasenseofanobserver.Isthatpersonyourself,oranotherpresence?A:Both.Thereisthevoiceofdepressionandanxiety,andalsothisotherpersonyouknowisalwaysthere.Ithoughtofhavingthisominouspresence(不祥之兆)aroundyou.Thereisalsothatsenseofbeingoutintheworld,asawoman,awareofmyvulnerability(脆弱).Forexample,justgoingforawalkisneversimple.Wehavetobuildprotectiveinstinctsaroundourselves.Q:Whenyoustartedout,didyouhaveanyideaofthekindofartistyouwantedtobe?A:IknewIdidn’twanttofitafixedstyleorberestrictedbybeingfemale.Iwantedtobeflexible.IliketothinkinscaleandofmorethanIcanachieveasoneperson.Ilikeartistswithuniqueidentities.Q:Whatwouldbeyouradvicetoanyonewithambitionstobecomeamusician?A:Followyourinstincts.Putyourselfouttherewithoutpressuretobe“finished”.Absorbthings,experiment,andallowyourselftofollowajourneywhereyoudon’tknowwhereyouwillendup.Beingsuccessfulcommerciallytakesateamandtime.Youhavetoloveitandbeinitforthelongjourney.Q:Fastforwardtenyears,wheredoyouwanttobe?A:Iwouldlovetocarryonfollowingmyinstinctsandmakingalbums.IwouldlikemoreofacollectionofTVandfilmscoresbecauseIenjoywritingscoresandcooperativework.60.WhyisGazelleTwin’smusicconceptual?A.Herrecordsareusuallyaboutghosts.B.Thealbum’sstructureisatoppriority.C.Theword“conceptual”itselfisattractive.D.Hermusicishighlymotivatedbythemes.61.Inthesecondpartoftheinterview,“thisotherperson”mostlikelyrepresents.A.spiritualgrowthB.vividimaginationC.innerself-awarenessD.externalintervention62.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromGazelleTwin’sresponseintheinterview?A.Shetendstotakethebiggerpictureintoaccount.B.Herfutureplanningisprofit-driventosomeextent.C.BlackDoghasalreadybecomeahitalbumworldwide.D.Sheexpresseswillingnesstohelpthepotentialmusicians.(C)HowtoRecruit(招聘)withSofterSkillsinMindSoftskillsmattertoemployers.Ananalysisofalmost5000jobdescriptionsshowedcompanieshaveshiftedawayfromemphasizingfinancialandoperationalskillstowardssocialskills—anabilitytolisten,reflect,communicateandempathise(共情).Thetroubleisthatsoftskillsarehardtomeasure.Worsestill,theconventionalprocessforrecruitingpeopleisoftenbetteratrecognizingotherqualities.Theearlyphasesofrecruitmentfocusonscreeningcandidatesbasedontheirexperiencesandhardskills,criteriathatareeasiesttoassessremotely.Thelaterphases,whencandidatesandemployersengageinactualconversation,arebettersuitedtoassessinganapplicant’ssofterskills.Thinkofhowfundamentallyunsocialthesituationis!Candidatesareexpectedtotalk,notlisten;toimpress,notempathise.Structuredinterviewscriptsenablelike-for-likecomparisonsbuttheyalsolimitthespacefornaturalness.Tworecentstudiesofwhatmakesforagoodteammemberagreeonwhatmightbedescribedasanabilitytoreadtheroom.Oneresearchfoundpeoplewhocanaccuratelyjudgethelevelofinfluenceheldbyvariousteammemberspossessamagicpowercalled“statusacuity”.Suchroom-readersreducegroupconflictandenhanceteamperformance.Theyaccordinglydesignedatest,inwhichparticipantswatchedavideoofagroupperformingatask.Theparticipantsthenratedmembersofthegroupbasedonhowmuchrespecteachwasperceivedtohold.Peoplewhoseratingswereclosesttotheassessmentsoftheteammembersthemselveshadthequalityofstatusacuity.Theotherstudyfoundthatcertainindividualsconsistentlymadetheirgroupsperformbetterthanexpected.Suchpeoplearegenuineteamplayers,capableofmakingthewholegreaterthanthesumoftheparts.ThesewonderfulcreaturesdidnotstandoutfromtheirpeersonIQtests.Buttheydidsignificantlybetteronthe“ReadingtheMindintheEyes”test,anassessmentinwhichparticipantsareshownpicturesofvariousfacialexpressionsandthenhavetopickthewordthatbestdescribeswhateachpersonisfeeling.Bettertestsarenottheonlywaytogathermoreinformationaboutsoftskills.Don’tjusthavepeoplehigherupthefoodchainaskinterviewquestions.Askthepeoplewhointeractcasuallywithapplicants,fromtheassistantstothereceptionists,whattheythoughtofthem.Undeniably,peoplemaysucceedinfakingtheirwaythroughtheprocess.Andtheremaybemoreroomforinterviewers’prejudicetoemerge.Findingsomeoneannoyingmaybeasignalthatsomeonelackssocialskills.Butitmayalsomeanthattheyarenervousorthatinterviewersarebad-tempered.Recruitmentissettochangeandisunlikelytobecomelesschallenging.63.Whatmakestherecentrecruitmentprocessdistinctfromthetraditionalone?A.Prioritizationofsoftskills.B.Focusonascreeningmethod.C.Dependenceonstructuredinterviewscripts.D.Emphasisuponfinancialandoperationalskills.64.Accordingtothethirdandfourthparagraph,apersonwiththeabilitytoreadtheroomiscapableof.A.adjustingone’sbehaviororattitudeswiftlytofitthecontextB.understandingtheindividual’sperspectivetorespondappropriatelyC.resolvinggroupconflictorjudgingfacialexpressionsinasituationD.interpretingindividual’srolewithinateamortheirmood65.Whatisthepurposeofthetwostudiesmentionedinthepassage?A.Toidentifywaystoperfectstructuredinterviewscripts.B.Todiscovershortcutsfortestingandidentifyingsoftskills.C.Toexplorerecipesforcultivatingaqualifiedteammember.D.Tointroducemethodsofimprovingcandidates’non-technicalskills.66.Whatcanbeimpliedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Integratingsoftskillsassessmentintoahiringprocesswon’tintroducesideeffects.B.Employeesinlowerpositionsmayprovideuselessinsightsintoapplicants’softskills.C.Interviewers’prejudicemayinfluencetheirfairassessmentsandperceptionsofcandidates.D.Thereisnopossibilityofindividualssuccessfullydeceivingothersduringtheinterview.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Odoursarealsoessentialsignalsinsocialbonding.B.Besides,odoursaregranteddifferentculturalvalues.C.Human’sperceptionofsmellfacilitatesthespreadofhumanculture.D.Ournosescanperceiveodourspresentinextremelysmallquantities.TheMeaningandPowerofSmellAsurveyrevealedthatsmellcancausestrongemotionalresponses.Asmellconnectedwithagoodexperiencecanpleaseus,whileanodour(氣味)bondedwithabadmemorymaydisgust(使惡心)us.67Suchassociationscanbesopowerfulthatodoursgenerallylabelledunpleasantbecomeagreeable,andthosegenerallyconsideredsweetbecomedisagreeableforparticularindividuals. 68Onerespondentbelievesthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithoutsmellingalovedone.Infantsrecognizetheirmothers’odourssoonafterbirth.Individualswereabletodistinguishbythesmellaloneclothingwornbytheirpartnersfromsimilarclothingwornbyotherpeople.Despiteitsimportancetoouremotionalandsensorylives,smellisprobablythemostundervaluedsenseinmanycultures.Whileourolfactory(嗅覺(jué)的)powersarenothinglikeasfineasthosepossessedbycertainanimals,theyareremarkablysensitive.69Odours,unlikecolours,can’tbenamedinmanylanguagesbecausethespecificvocabularysimplydoesn’texist.“Itsmellslike...,”wehavetosaywhendescribinganodour,strugglingtoexpressourolfactoryexperience.Norcanodoursberecorded:thereisnoeffectivewaytocaptureorstorethemovertime.70Smellsconsideredoffensiveinsomeculturesmaybeacceptableinothers.Therefore,oursenseofsmellisameansofinteractingwiththeworld.Thestudyoftheculturalhistoryofsmellisindeedaninvestigationintotheessenceofhumanculture.Ⅳ.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.EmotionalPreparedness:ManagingLife’sChallengesExpectingtheworsttoavoidfeelingbadlaterisknownas“bracing”.Itmayhelppeopleprepareforemotionallychallengingsituations,particularlyinthemomentsbeforethesesituationsoccur.Pe