考研真題：《英語一》2023年考試真題與參考答案

考研真題：《英語一》2023年考試真題與參考答案

一、完形填空

UseofEnglish

CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareas

including

China,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically_1_outsidethewallsof

acityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbygovernmentsof_2_.

Thisword“Caravanserais"isa_3_ofthePersianword"karvan”,whichmeans

agroupoftravellersoracaravan,andseray,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.ThePerm

caravanwasusedto_4_groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrossthe

ancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,—5—merchants,travellersorpilgrims.

Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemore

developed,the_6_oftheCaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafeplace

forpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoad_7—possibilityofbeingattacked

bythievesorbeing_8_toextremeconditions.Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswere

strategicallyplaced_9_theycouldbereachedinaday'straveltime.

Caravanseraisservedasaninformal_10_pointforthevariouspeoplewhotravelled

theSilkRoad._11_,thosestructuresbecameimportantcentersforculture_12_

andinteraction,withtravelerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,_13_talking

knowledgew計(jì)hthem,greatly_14—thedevelopmentofseveralcivilizations.

i

Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommoditiesand_15—in

thetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad._16_,itwasfrequentlythefirststop

merchantslookingtoselltheirwaresand_17_suppliesfortheirownjourneys.Itis

—18—thataround120000to15000caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,

19—onlyabout3000areknowntoremaintoday,manyofwhicharein_20.

參考答案：

1、C.located2、A.privately3、D.combination4、C.describe

5、C.suchas6sA.construction7、B.faced8、B.subjected

9、A.sothat10、D.meeting11、D.Asaresult12、C.exchange

13sC.aswellas14、B.influencing15、A.aided16、B.indeed

17sD.stockupon18、A.believed19、D.although20、A.ruins

二、閱讀理解

Text1

TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,butthe

temperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustinthismonth

asofficialsdebatehowclimatechangeistaughtinTexasschools.

PatHardy,whosympathizedwithviewsoftheenergysector,isresistingtheproposed

changetosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.Thesewouldemphasisetheprimacy

ofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionofmitigation

measures.

2

MostscientistsandexpertssharplydisputeHardy'sviews."Theycasuallydismissthe

careerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedopinion.wsaysDan

Quinn,seniorcommunicationsstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-profit

groupthatmonitorspubliceducation,“WhatmillionsofTexaskidslearnintheir

publicschoolsisdeterminedtoooftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisanboard

members,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship."

SuchdebatereflectsfiercediscussiondiscussionsacrosstheUSandaroundtheworld,

asresearchers,policymakers,teachersandstudentsstepupdemandsforagreater

focusonteachingaboutthefactsofclimatechangeinschools.

AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,anon-profitgroupof

scientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthecountry

addressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+

orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformersweresomeofthemostpopulousstates,

includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionate

influencebecauseitstextbooksarewidelysoldelsewhere.

GlennBranch,thecentre'sdeputydirector,cautionsthatsettingstate-levelscience

standardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythatdecentralisesdecisionsto

localschoolboards.Evenifastateisconsideredahighperformerinitsscience

standards,"thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught",hesays.

Anotherissueisthatwhileclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosomesubjectsand

atsomeages—suchasearthandspacesciencesinhighschools—itisnotaswell

3

representedincurriculaforyoungerchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidely

taught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocialstudies

courses.

Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesandtextbooks

reflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducationalmaterialsthat

conveymoreslantedperspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyinclude

materialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustryassociations.

21.Inparagraph1,theweatherinTexasismentionedto

答案:C.indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting

22.WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?

答案:B.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.

23.ThestudymentionedinParagraph5

答案:A.Climateeducationisinsufficientatstatepublicschool

24.AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUS

答案：C.havelimitedinfluence

25.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsomeschools

答案:D.canbeswayedbyexternalforces

Text2

Communitiesthroughouttheregionhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-term

rentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Now,withrecord-highhomeprices

4

andhistoricallylowinventory,there'sanincreasedurgencyinsuchregulation,

particularlyamongthosewhoworrythatdeveloperswillcomeinandbuyupswaths

ofhousingtoflipforafortuneontheshort-termrentalmarket.

InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1percent

housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurtherpressureonan

alreadystrainedmarket.ThestateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthat

would'vemade計(jì)illegalfortownstocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-termrentals.

“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,soanytimeyou'retaking

thetooloutofthetoolkitforcommunitiestoaddressthis,you'repotentiallytaking

supplyoffthemarketthat'salreadyincrediblystressed/'saidNickTaylor,

executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.

WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNewHampshiretowns,"employers

arehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,andworkersarehavingahardtime

findingaplacetolive,''Taylorsaid.

However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,acrucialpartofthe

economiesinplaceslikeNantucket,CapeCod,orthetownsthatmakeupNew

Hampshire'sSeacoastandLakesRegion,pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOoftheCape

Cod&IslandsAssociationofRealtors."Alotofworkersareservicingthetourist

industry,andthetourismindustryisservicedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm,''

Castlesaid,“andso計(jì)'sacyclicaleffect/'

Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKerenHorn,an

5

affordablehousingpolicyexpertattheUniversityofMassachusettsBoston.a\think

individualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.Ififstheir

vacationhomeanyway,and計(jì)'sjustempty,whycan1tyoumakemoneyoff計(jì)？''

Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocreatelarge-scaleshort-

termrentalfacilities—defactohotels—tobypasstaxesandregulations.u\thinkthe

questionis,shouldn'tadeveloperwho'sreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitas

notahotel,betreatedandtaxedandregulatedlikeahotel?''Hornsaid.

Attheendof2018,GovernorCharlieBakersignedabilltoreininthosepotential

investor-buyers."Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestate,

mandatestheycarryinsurance,andopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofa

newstatelevy/'theGlobereported.Bostontookthingsevenfurther,limitingwho

isauthorizedtorentouttheirhome,andrequiringrenterstoregisterwiththecity's

InspectionalServicesDepartment.

Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitotherstrugglingcitiesand

towns.Theonlywaytosolvetheissue,however,isbycreatingmorehousing."Ifwe

wanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalot

more.''

26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?

答案:A.Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.

27.ThebillmentionedintheParagraph2wasintendedto?

答案:D.allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.

6

28.ComparedwithCastle,Tailorismorelikelytosupport?

答案:Binincreaseinaaffordablehousing

29.WhatdoesHornemphasizeinparagraph3?

答案:Cthenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.

30.Hornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsis

答案:Daninadequatesolution.

Text3

Ifyou'reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstonesinsearchoftheDuchessof

Sussex'snewchildren'sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobepreparedtohunt

aroundabit;thesamemaybetrueofThePresident'sDaughter,thenewthrillerbyBill

ClintonandJamesPetterson.Bothofthesebooksarepublishednextweekby

PenguinRandomHouse,acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offwith

Waterstones.

Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPenguinRandomHouseconfirmedthatit

hadintroducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones"ataverysignificantlevel".Thetrade

magazineTheBooksellerreportedthatWaterstonesbranchmanagerswerebeing

toldtoremovePRHbooksfromprominentareassuchastables,displayspacesand

windows,andwere"quietlyretiringthemtotheirrelevantsections".

PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonforWaterstonestoldme:

"WaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredittermsfromPRH,theonly

7

publisherintheUKtoplaceanylimitationsonourabilitytotrade.Wearenot

boycottingPRHtitlesbutwearedoingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityfor

customersremainsgooddesp計(jì)etheloweroveralllevelsofstock.Wedothisgenerally

bygivingtheirtitleslessprominentpositioningw計(jì)hinourbookshops."Wearehopeful

withourshopsnowopenagainthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwewillbeallowed

tobuyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusyandbooksalesare

verystrong.ThesalesforourMayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince2018."

Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers-ashavecustomers,whomight

expectthenewtitlesfromthecountry1sbiggestpublishertobeprominently

displayedbyitsbiggestbookretailer.Big-namePRHauthorsmaysufferabit,butifs

thosemid-listauthors,whonormallyrelyonWaterstonesstaffspassionforpromoting

booksbylesser-knownwriters,whowillbeprayingforanendtothedispute.

Itcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedabouttheconsequencesofthe

proposedmergerbetweenPRHandanotherbigpublisher,Simon&Schuster-the

reductioninthenumberofunalignedUKpublishersislikelytoleadtofewerbidding

wars,loweradvances,andmoreconformityintermsofwhatispublished.Andone

wondersifPRHwouldhavebeenconfidentenoughtodealwithWaterstonesinthe

wayithasifitweren'tquitesuchabigcompany(itwasformedwiththemergerof

PenguinandRandomHousein2013)andlikelytogetbigger.

uThisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofpowerandcartels.

L計(jì)eraryagenciesarege甘ingbiggertohavetheclouttonegotiatebettertermswith

8

publishers,publishersconsolidatingtodealwithAmazon,"saysLownie."The

publishingindustrytalksaboutdiversityintermsofauthorsandstaffbutitalsoneeds

apluralityofwaysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,choiceanddifferentvoices.After

all,manyofthemostinterestingbooksinrecentyearshavecomefromsmall

publishers.w

Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneedamongpublishers

tobebigenoughtotakeonall-comers.

31.theauthormentionstwobooksintheparagraph1topresent

答案：A.anongoingconflict

32.WhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsections?

答案:C.torespondtoPRH'sbusinessmove

33.WhatmessagedidthespokesmanofWaterstonesseemtoconvey?

答案：A.theircustomersremainroyal

34.Whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?

答案:ASalesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably

35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie'sview?

答案:DThemergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend

Text4

Scientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Eachyearresearchers

publishmillionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.Thescientificcommunity

9

measuresthequalityofthosepapersinanumberofways,includingtheperceived

qualityofthejournal(asreflectedbythetitle'simpactfactor)andthenumberof

citationsaspecificpaperaccumulates.Thecareersofscientistsandthereputation

oftheirinstitutionsdependonthenumberandprestigeofthepaperstheyproduce,

butevenmoresoonthecitationsattractedbythesepapers.

Inrecentyears,therehavebeenseveralepisodesofscientificfraud,including

completelymade-updata,massagedordoctoredfigures,multiplepublicationsof

thesamedata,theftofcompletearticles,plagiarismoftext,andself-plagiarism.And

somescientistshavecomeupwithanotherwaytoartificiallyboostthenumberof

citationstotheirwork.

Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstitutionsconspiretoinflatecitation

numbers,haveexistedforalongtime.In2016,researchersdevelopedanalgorithm

torecognizesuspiciouscitationpatterns,includinggroupsofauthorsthat

disproportionatelyciteoneanotherandgroupsofjournalsthatciteeachother

frequentlytoincreasetheimpactfactorsoftheirpublications.Recently,Icame

acrossyetanotherexpressionofthispredatorybehavior:so-calledsupportservice

consultanciesthatprovidelanguageandothereditorialsupporttoindividualauthors

andtojournalssometimesadvisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheir

articlesandthearticlesofcolleagues.Someoftheseconsultanciesarealsoactivein

organizingconferencesandcanadvisethatcitationsbeaddedtoconference

proceedings.Inthismanner,asingleeditorcandrivehundredsofcitationsinthe

10

directionofhisownarticlesorthoseofcolleaguesthatmaybeinhiscircle.

Howinsidiousisthistypeofstationmanipulation?Inoneexample,anindividual—

actingasauthor,editor,andconsultant-wasabletouseatleast15journalsas

citationproviderstoarticlespublishedbyfivescientistsatthreeuniversities.The

problemisrampantinScopus,whichincludesahighnumberofthenew

“international"journals.Infact,alistinginScopusseemstobeacriteriontobe

targetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.

36Accordingparagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbedeterminedby

答案:Bhowmanytimestheirpapersarecited

37Thesupportserviceconsultanciestendto.

答案:Caskauthorstoincludeextracitation

38thefunctionofthemilkcowtojournalsisto.

答案:Aboostcitationcountsforcertainauthors

39.WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraph?

答案:[B]Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitation

40.Whatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulation?

答案：[D]Revealtheirmisconduct

三、新題型

ReadingPartB

A.Lastyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstonephotographsbythe

ii

renownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.Hecapturedthefirst-

evershotsoficoniclandmarkssuchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandtheColorado

Rockies.

B.Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasa

novelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforland

conservationefforts—andrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregion

inparticular—cameintheformofvividphotographs.

CAsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecouldcapitalizeon

theexpedition'sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesand

distributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofMoran'spaintings,toeachmember

ofCongress."Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethat

thisissomethingthathastobeprotected,wsaysMurphy.

DThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognized

thearea'sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That;swhyHayden'sexpeditionaimed

toproduceafullerunderstandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotsprings

andwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageof

scientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographer

WilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeauty

andsharingitwiththeworld.

EThejourneyofficiallybeganinOgden,Utah,onJune8,1871.Overnearlyfourmonths,

dozenofmanmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontanaandtraversedalongthe

12

YellowstoneRiverandaroundYellowstonelake.Thatfall,theyconcludedthesurvey

infortBridger,Wyoming

FThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognized

thearea'sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That'swhyHayden'sexpeditionaimedto

produceafullerunderstandingoftheyellowstoneriverregion,fromit'shotspringsand

waterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourgeofscientists,the

teamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerJacksonwere

chargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.

GThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlargemajoritiesin

favor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassedlegislationprotecting

yellowstoneinearly1872.ThatMarch,PresidentUlyssesS.Grantsignedanactintolaw

thatestablishedYellowstoneastheworld'sfirstnationalpark,whilesomelocals

opposedtothedesignation,thedecisionwaslargelyaccepted-andJackson's

photosplayedakeyroleinthefighttoprotectthearea.Idon'tbelievethatthelegal

protectionwouldhavehappenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthoseimages,

saysHeatherHansen,journalistandauthorofProphetsandMoguls,Rangersand

Rogues,BisonordBears:100yearsofthenationalParkService.

HPerhapsmostimportantly,theimagesprovideddocumentaryevidencethatlater

madeitswaytogovernmentofficials.Weeksaftercompletingtheexpedition,

Haydencollectedhisteam'sobservationintoanextensiverepaimedatconvincing

SenatorsandRepresentatives,alongw計(jì)hcolleaguesatgovernmentagencylikethe

13

departmentofInteriorthatYellowstoneoughttobepreserved.

答案：BAFEDHCG;41.B42.F43.D44.C45.G

四、英譯漢

(46)Alcanalsobeusedtoidentifythelifestyleschoicesofcustomersregardingtheir

hobbies,favoritecelebrities,andfashionstoprovideuniquecontentinmarketing

messagesputoutthroughsocialmedia.

【參考譯文】人工智能還可以用來識別出消費(fèi)者生活方式的選擇，包括他們的愛好、最喜歡的

名人和時(shí)尚，從而通過社交媒體發(fā)布的營銷信息來提供獨(dú)特的內(nèi)容。

(47)SomebelievethatAlisnegativelyimpactingonthemarketer'srolebyreducing

creativityandremovingjobs,buttheyareawarethatitisawayofreducingcostsand

creatingnewinformation.

【參考譯文】一些人認(rèn)為，人工智能通過減少創(chuàng)造力和工作機(jī)會對營銷人員產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響,

但他們也意識到，這是一種降低成本和創(chuàng)造新信息的方式。

(48)Algorithmsusedtostimulatehumaninteractionsarecreatingmanyofthese

concerns,especiallyasno-oneisquitesurewhattheoutcomesofusingAltointeract

withcustomerswillbe.

【參考譯文】用于刺激人際互動的算法正在引發(fā)許多此類擔(dān)憂，尤其是在沒有人非常確定使用

人工智能與客戶互動的結(jié)果會是什么情況下。

(49)lfcustomersarenotwillingtosharedata.AIwillbestarvedofessentialinformation

andwillnotbeabletofunctione甘ectivelyoremploymachinelearningtoimproveits

14

marketingcontentandcommunication.

【參考譯文】如果客戶不愿意分享數(shù)據(jù)，人工智能將缺乏必要的信息，無法有效地發(fā)揮作用,

也無法使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)來改善其營銷內(nèi)容和傳播。

(50)Thenon-intrusivedeliveryofthemarketingmessageinawaythatissensitiveto

theneedsoftargetcustomersisoneofthecriticalchallengestothedigitalmarketer.

【參考譯文】以一種對目標(biāo)客戶需求敏感的方式非侵入式地傳遞營銷信息是數(shù)字營銷人員面臨

的關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)之一。

五、小作文

小作文考查告示，主題是為教授關(guān)于校園體育活動的研究項(xiàng)目招募助手，給出助手工作責(zé)任和

要求，難點(diǎn)在于容易審題錯(cuò)誤，要弄清楚是為研究項(xiàng)目招募學(xué)生，不是校園體育活動。

WritingPartA

Directions:

WriteanoticetorecruitastudentforProf.Smith'sresearchprojectoncampussports

activities.Specifythedutiesandrequirementsofthejob.

D。notsignyourownnameattheendoftheIe甘er.Use“LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

【參考范文】

Notice

December24,2022

ProfessorSmithislookingforastudenttojoinhisresearchprogramregardingcampus

15

sportsactivities.Thedutiesofthepositionrequirethatthestudentcollectsdataon

campussportsactivitiestobeanalyzedbytheresearchteam.Thisinclude