2023-2024學(xué)年北京豐臺(tái)區(qū)高一（上）期中英語(yǔ)B卷試題及答案

2023北京豐臺(tái)高一（上）期中

英語(yǔ)（B卷）

考試時(shí)間：90分鐘

筆試（共三部分100分）

第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上

將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Iwasluckyenoughtotestintothebesthighschoolinthecity.Butthencamemy1:AmI

goodenough?Itwasaquestionthat2methroughmyfirstmonth,evenasIbegantosettlein,even

asIgotusedtotheearlymorningwake-upsandmovingbetweenbuildingsforclass.

IknewIhadtoworktogroundmyself.Myearlieststrategyinvolvedkeepingquietandtryingto

3_mynewclassmates.Whowerethesekidsanyway?Howdidtheylearninschool?AllIknewwas

thattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity,obviously.4wasn'tIaswell?Hadn'tIlandedhere

becauseIwassmartlikethem?ThetruthisthatIdidn'tknow.This5waslikeadeadlycell侈田胞）

thatthreatenedtodivideanddivideagain,unlessIcouldfindsomewaytostopit.

Fortunately,myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe6,andsodidmysecond.Overthecourse

ofmyfirsttwoyears,Ibegantobuildthesamekindof7I'dhadatmypreviousschool.Witheach

littleachievement,mydoubt8tookleave.

Ilovedanysubjectthatinvolvedwritingandlaboredthroughmath.Ihadclassmateswhowere

alwaysasteportwoaheadofme,whoseachievementsseemedeffortless,butItriednottoletthatget

tome.IwasbeginningtounderstandthatifIputinextrahoursofstudying,Icouldoften_9

thegap.Iwasn'tastraight-Astudent,butIwasalways10andImadeprogress.

1.A.excitementB.satisfactionC.angerD.worry

2.A.freedB.doggedC.warmedD.guided

3.A.observeB.admireC.supportD.calm

4.A.OrB.SoC.ButD.For

5.A.guessB.doubtC.interestD.risk

6.A.excellentB.averageC.differentD.typical

7.A.responsibilityB.friendshipC.confidenceD.teamwork

8.A.suddenlyB.frequentlyC.accidentallyD.slowly

9.A.closeB.noticeC.controlD.create

10.A.expectingB.tryingC.wonderingD.suffering

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

A

Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,I11(stand)bythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I

voicedmybiggestconcerntomymother,taHowwillImakefriends?^^She12(hand)meadvice,

“Beyourself“Forthepast20years,I13(live)bythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecome

partoftherealworld.Nervouslyfacing14(challenge),IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwo

simplewords“Beyourself.^^

B

SavingnatureisattheveryheartofwhatwedoasWorldWildlifeFund(WWF).Weprotect

wildlifeformanyreasons.Itisasourceofinspiration.Itboostsasenseofwonder.Itisfundamental(重

要的)tothebalanceofnature.Inourwork,WWF15(focus)onsavingpopulationsofthemost

importantspeciesinthewild.16(final),byprotectingspecies,wesavethisbeautifuland

irreplaceableplanet17iscalledhome.

C

AftercollegeIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworld,soIjoinedthePeaceCorpsand18

(become)avolunteerteacherinNamibia.Thiswasmyfirsttimegoingabroadandliving19local

people.Simplygettingusedtothelivingconditionswasabigchallenge.Honestly,myfirstchoice

wasn'tAfrica,butIamthankfulthatI20(send)there.BeforeNamibia,IneverthoughtIwould

adapttosuchasituation.Stepoutsideofyourcomfortzoneandfacethechallenge.Youwon'tregret

it.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

EcoCentral

Thiswebsiteisallaboutlookingaftertheearth.Therearefactsaboutdifferentanimals,aswellas

informationaboutforests,desertsandoceans.Youcanuploadyourownvideosontothesitefor

everyonetosee.

TeenPvess

Thisisoneofthebestsitesonthewebforteenagerswholovewriting.Youcanshareyourwork

withothers,andtherearemessageboardswhereyoucanchataboutthingsthatareimportanttoyou.

ChannelTwenty

Onthissiteyoucanwatchadailynewsprogramandsearchforinformationaboutbignewsstories.

Therearealsovideosondifferentsubjects,articlesaboutfamousbands,gamesandcompetitions.

Inside-the-cover

Findingoutaboutyourfavoritewritersiseasyonthissite.Therearelotsofinterestingarticles

andinformationaboutthelatestbooks.Youcanreadblogsbywell-knownwritersandpostquestions

tothem.Andyouarelikelytogetrepliesfromthem.

Tune-in

Therearemillionsofsongsonthiswebsiteforyoutodownloadorlistentoonline.Youcansave

yourfavoritesongsinyourownlist.Ifyou'reinaband,youcanrecordyourmusicanduploadit.The

websiteislarge,butthemenusareeasytouse.

ScienceZone

There'slotsofinformationonthissiteaboutmaths,chemistryandbiology.Youcanvisitsomeof

theworld'smostfamousmuseums,orwatchwildlifeviawebcams.Therearealsosomeverycool

games,suchasSavethePlanet.

21.TeenPressisawebsiteforteenagerswho.

A.areinterestedinmusicB.enjoywriting

C.likewatchingthenewsD.careabouttheearth

22.OnInside-the-cover,youcan.

A.shareyourarticlesB.takewritingclasses

C.learnaboutthelatestbooksD.answerthewriters9questions

23.Ifyoulikevisitingonlinemuseums,whichwebsiteisbestforyou?

A.EcoCentral.B.Tune-in.

C.ChannelTwenty.D.ScienceZone.

24.Theauthorwritesthepassageto.

A.introducewebsitestoteenagers

B.teachteenagerstodesignwebsites

C.encourageteenagerstocreatewebsites

D.comparedifferentwebsitesforteenagers

B

Itwasaweekaftermymomhadpassedaway,andIdidn'tknowhowtogoonwithlife.Sowhen

Ireceivedanemailfromafriendaboutaracebenefitingcancerresearch,Iignoredit.Itseemedtoo

closetotheheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.

ButsomethingaboutmyfHend'swords一"Icanhelporganizethewholething”-stuckwithme.

Ifeltobliged（有義務(wù)的）toagree.Intheweekstocome,Imanagedtore-entertheworldoftheliving.

Icheckedourteam'swebsitedaily,feelingproudeachtimeadonationtickedupourtotal.Iknewmy

momwouldhavewanteditthatway.Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspirit

thathelpedmegetby.

Whentheraceended,Inoticedtherunnersallhadonethingincommon:Therewerebigsmiles

ontheirfaces.Theymadeitlooksorewardingandeffortless.Iwantedin.

SoIenrolled（報(bào)名）inanotherracetwomonthslater.ConsideringIcouldbarelyrunamile,itwas

ambitious.ButmyfriendandImadeatrainingplansoIwouldn'tcomeinlast.Ifolloweditreligiously

anddidn'tletanythinggetinmyway.

Runningupanddownthecity'shills,Iwasfloodedwithmemories.Ihadlivedthereaftercollege

andmymotherhadvisitedoften.IpassedBloomingdale's,recallingthetimesheandIhadgotteninto

ascreamingargumentthere.

IwasabouttobeatmyselfupwhenIrememberedwhatMomhadsaidafterherdiagnosis（診斷）

ofcancer.UIdon'twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.^^Herpaper-thinhandshadheldmetightly.

Aweightliftedfrommyshoulders.

Whentheracedayarrived,Igaveitmyallformymomandforallshehadtaughtmeand

continuedtoteachme.AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.

Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.

25.Whydidtheauthorignoretheemailinthebeginning?

A.Shefeltithardtofinishtherace.

B.Shehadnotimetojoinintheevent.

C.Shethoughttheresearchmeaningless.

D.Shewasremindedofhermother'sdeath.

26.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorrecoverfromhermom'sdeath?

A.Thecompanyofherfriends.

B.Theinspirationfromhermom.

C.Thepleasureingoingforarun.

D.Thesuccessinorganizinganevent.

27.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribetheauthor'smom?

A.Considerateandpolite.B.Braveandhumorous.

C.Strong-willedandcaring.D.Outgoingandpatient.

28.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowIGotHealedinRunning

B.TheLossofSweetMemories

C.WhatMattersMostinRunning

D.TheRewardsofGreatFriendship

C

Wedependonourmemorynotonlyforsharingstorieswithfriendsorlearningfromourpast

experiences,butwealsouseitforimportantthingslikecreatingasenseofpersonalidentity（身份）.Yet

evidenceshowsthatourmemoryisn'tasconsistent（一致的）aswe'dliketobelieve.

Therearecountlessreasonswhysmallmistakesmighthappeneachtimewerecallpastevents,

rangingfromwhatwebelieveistrueorwishweretrue,towhatsomeoneelsetoldusaboutthepast

event,orwhatwewantthatpersontothink.Andwheneverthesemistakeshappen,theycanhavelong-

termeffectsonhowwe'llrecallthatmemoryinthefuture.

Takestorytellingforexample.Whenwedescribeourmemoriestootherpeople,wemightask

ourselveswhetherifsvital（重要的）togetthefactsstraight,orwhetherweonlywanttomakethe

listenerlaugh.Andwemightchangethestory'sdetailsdependingonthelistener'sattitudes.Itisn't

onlythemessagethatchanges,butsometimesit'salsothememoryitself.Thisisknownasthe

"audience-tuningeflecf\showingushowourmemoriescanchangeautomaticallyovertime,asa

productofhow,when,andwhyweaccessthem.

Infact,sometimessimplytheactofrehearsing（復(fù)述）amemorycanbeexactlywhatmakesit

susceptible（易受影響的）tochange.Thisisknownas"retrieval-enhancedsuggestibility”.Inatypicalstudy

ofthiseffect,participantswatchedashortfilm,thentookamemorytestafewdayslater.Butduring

thedaysbetweenwatchingthefilmandtakingthefinaltest,twootherthingshappened.First,halfof

theparticipantstookapracticememorytest.Second,alloftheparticipantsweregivenadescription

ofthefilmtoread,whichcontainedsomefalsedetails.Participantswhotookapracticememorytest

shortlybeforereadingthefalseinformationweremorelikelytoreproducethisfalseinformationinthe

finalmemorytest.

Whymightthisbe?Onetheoryisthatrehearsingourmemoriesofpasteventscantemporarily

makethosememoriesmalleable.Inotherwords,retrieving（找回）amemorymightbeabitliketaking

ice-creamoutofthefreezerandleavingitindirectsunlightforawhile.Bythetimeourmemorygoes

backintothefreezer,itmighthavenaturallybecomealittlemisshapen,especiallyifsomeonehas

influenceditpurposelyinthemeantime.

Thesefindingsleadustowonderhowmuchourmosttreasuredmemorieshavechangedsincethe

veryfirsttimewerememberedthem.Rememberingisanactofstorytelling,afterall.Andour

memoriesareonlyeverasreliableasthemostrecentstorywetoldourselves.

29.Accordingtothe"audience-tuningeffect”,ourmemoriescan.

A.changeourpersonalidentity

B-correctmistakesontheirown

C.determineourattitudestoothers

D.beaffectedbyhowwedealwiththem

30.Whatcanweinferfromthestudyof"'retrieval-enhancedsuggestibility”?

A.Practicecanmakeimperfect.

B.Storytellingbringsbackmemories.

C.Rehearsingcontributestobettermemories.

D.Memoryabilitiesdifferfrompersontoperson.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malleable“inParagraph5probablymean?

A.Acceptable.B.Valuable.C.Changeable.D.Controllable.

D

Overmillionsofyears,humanshaveresponded（做出反應(yīng)）tocertainsituationswithoutthinking

toohard.Ifourancestorsspottedmovementinthenearbyforest,theywouldrunfirstandquestion

later.Atthesametime,theabilitytoanalyzeandtoplanispartofwhatseparatesusfromotheranimals.

Thequestionofwhentotrustyourinstinct（直覺(jué)）andwhentothinkslowmattersintheofficeasmuch

asinthesavannah（草原）.

Slowthinkingisthefeatureofawell-managedworkplace.Yetinstinctalsohasitsplace.Some

decisionsaremoreconnectedtoemotionalresponsesandlesstoanalysis.Indemandingcustomer-

serviceorpublic-facingsituations,instinctisoftenabetterguidetohowtobehave.

Instinctcanalsobeimproved.Plentyofresearchhasshownthatinstinctbecomesmoreuneirinc

withexperience.Inonewell-knownexperiment,volunteerswereaskedtoassesswhetheraselection

ofdesignerhandbagswererealornot.Somewereinstructedtooperateoninstinctandothersto

deliberate（深思熟慮）overtheirdecision.Instinctworkedbetterforthosewhoownedatleastthree

designerhandbags;indeed,itoutperformedanalysis.Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryour

instincttendstobe.

However,therealreasontoembracefastthinkingisthatitis,well,fast.Itisoftentheonlyway

togetthroughtheday.Totakeoneexample,whenyourinboxfloodswithnewemailsatthestartofa

newday,thereisabsolutelynowaytoreadthemallcarefully.Instinctiswhathelpsyoudecidewhich

onestoanswerandwhichtodeleteorleaveunopened.Fastthinkingcanalsohelptheentire

organization.Thevalueofmanymanagerialdecisionsliesinthesimplefactthattheyhavebeenmade

atall.Yetasdataexplodes（數(shù)據(jù)爆炸），thetemptation（誘惑）toaskforonemorebitofanalysishas

becomemuchhardertoresist.Managersoftensufferfromoverthinking,turningasimpleprobleminto

acomplexone.

Whentouseinstinctintheworkplacerestsonitsownformofpatternrecognition.Doesthe

decision-makerhaverealexpertiseinthisarea?Isthisafieldinwhichemotionmattersmorethan

reasoning?Aboveall,isitworthdelayingthedecision?Slowthinkingisneededtogetthebigcalls

right.Butfastthinkingisthewaytostopdeliberationturningtoawasteoftime.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unerring“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Exact.B.Creative.

C.Controllable.D.Obvious.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Managerscanaffordthecostofslowthinking.

B.Fastthinkingcanincreaseworkefficiency.

C.Slowthinkingwillholdusbackinthelongrun.

D.Toomuchdataistoblameforwrongdecisions.

34.Whatistheauthor9spurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.Toexplainhowinstinctworks.

B.Tocompareinstinctandslowthinking.

C.Tohighlightthevalueofinstinctintheworkplace.

D.Toshowthedevelopmentofdifferentthinkingpatterns.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選

項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Itwon'tsoundlikeabigsurprisewhenItellyouthatkindnessplaysanimportantroleina

person9swell-being.Itcanleadtochangeslikehigherself-esteem（自尊心）andlowerbloodpressure.

Evenjustwitnessingactsofkindnesscanmakeushappier.

35"Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab,those

performinganactofkindnessconsistentlyunderestimated（低估）howpositivetheirreceiverswould

feel,thinkingtheiractwasoflessvaluethanreceiversthoughtittobe,“statesastudy.

36Yet,whyistherethisdifferencebetweenwhatwethinksomeonewillfeelfromanactof

kindnessversuswhattheydofeel?Whydoweunderestimatetheinfluencewehaveonothers?

Manyofusdon'thavearealsenseofourvalue.It'sbeenestimatedthatasmanyas85percentof

peoplestrugglewithlowself-esteem.37Thistavoice^^tendstoshiftourfocusinward,assessing（評(píng)

估）oureverymove,andhavingbadeffectonourrelationships.

Unlikeaconscience（良心、）,thisinnercriticdoesn'tmotivatepositivebehavior.38Itencourages

ustoholdback,feedingusthoughtslike,"Don'tstickyourneckout”;“Noonewantstohearfrom

you";and"You'regoingtomakeafoolofyourself.99

Onewonderfulwaytofightagainstourcriticalinnervoiceisthroughactsofbeingkindtoothers.

39Wemustalsotrytoseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofthepeopleweaffect.Thedegreetowhich

we'reabletodothatwillhelpdetermineourownhappinessalongwiththehappinesswelightupin

others.

A.However,theworkdoesn'tstopthere.

B.Peoplemaylowerthevalueoftheirownkindcomments（評(píng)價(jià)）.

C.Weallcarryarounda"criticalinnervoice^^thattendstoputusdown.

D.Insteadofseeingwhatwehavetooffer,wemaythinkofourselvesasaburden（負(fù)擔(dān)）.

E.Thismisunderstandingsuggeststhatpeopledevaluetheirownactionsinrelationtoothers.

F.Instead,itturnsusagainstourselves,makingusunderestimateourbeneficialeffectonothers.

G.Yet,peoplemaynottrulyknowtheinfluencethateventhesmallestofkindactscanhaveonanother

person.

第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共12小題，共18分）

閱讀下面文段，在設(shè)空處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯或短語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

40.1doawiderangeofthingsonline.Ishopforvariousthingsonline,suchasbooks,computer

hardwareandothernecessities.Ifssotobeabletocomparethequalityandprices

fromdifferentonlineshopsbeforeIbuy.

41.Itusuallytakesme20minutestogethomebybus.IoftenusethetimetoreviewEnglishwords.

Asthepopularsayinggoes,"Everyminute!”

42.Atschool,IdomyhomeworkwhenIhavesparetime.Afterschool,Itrytouseanypossibletime

tothethingsIhavelearntduringtheday.

43.ZhangTian'sfirstyearisalmostover.Ithasbeenatoughyear,buthehasenjoyedworkingwith

thechildren.TheZhangTianmadetothevillagewasgreat,sohebecameverypopular

amongthevillagersandtheytreatedhimasoneofthem.

44.Hehadmetwonderfulteachersfromsmallvillagesduringhisearlyschoolyearsandhewas

bythemtogoandteachwherehewasneededthemost.

45.Livinginthevillagewasalsomorethanhehadthought.Thepowerandwatersupplies

wereunstable,sohecouldonlyshowereverythreeorfourdays,andhehadtolearnhowtocook.

46.Pauljumpedupandrushedontothecourt.Andclearly,alltheextrahoursthathe'dspentpracticing