對大自然的熱愛竟是遺傳的

名師精講外刊對大自然的熱愛竟是遺傳的？Loveofnatureisinthegenes,sayscientists名師精講外刊有人喜歡宅在家中，有人喜歡親近自然，這到底是后天養(yǎng)成的習慣，還是先天的基因表達，近期有科學家對此進行了研究。該研究是如何進行的？運用了怎樣的方法？得出了怎樣的結(jié)論？一起來看今天的外刊文章。課前問題1.如何表示“同卵雙胞胎”和“異卵雙胞胎”？2.該研究最終認為哪兩個因素影響了對大自然的熱愛？導讀名師精講外刊Loveofnatureisinthegenes,sayscientists名師精講外刊StudyoftwinssuggestsdesiretobeinnaturalspacesisinfluencedbygeneticfactorsAperson'sloveofnatureispartiallyinherited,alarge-scalestudyoftwinshasfound.【基礎(chǔ)解析】partialadj.1）部分的；不完全的【釋】notcompleteorwhole【例】Itwasonlyapartialsolutiontotheproblem.那只是部分地解決了這個問題。2）偏向一方的，偏袒的，偏心的【釋】influencedbythefactthatyoupersonallypreferorapproveofsomething,sothatyoudonotjudgefairly【例】Thereportinginthepapersisentirelypartial.報紙上的報道完全不客觀。名師精講外刊Aperson'sloveofnatureispartiallyinherited,alarge-scalestudyoftwinshasfound.【拓展延伸】biasedadj.偏袒一方的；有偏見的【釋】showinganunreasonablelikeordislikeforapersonbasedonpersonalopinions【例】Thenewspapersgaveaverybiasedreportofthemeeting.報紙對會議的報道明顯偏袒一方。名師精講外刊ScientistsfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporestudiedhowmuchtimetwinsspentinnaturalspacescomparedwitheachotherandfoundthattheysharedasimilarlevelofdesiretobeinnature.【基礎(chǔ)解析】sharev.共有(特點)【釋】Ifonepersonorthingsharesaqualityorcharacteristicwithanother,theyhavethesamequalityorcharacteristic.【例】Theysharedacommoninterestinbotany.他們都對植物學感興趣。精講試聽結(jié)束"Thereasonwedecidedtostudythisintwinsisthatwecouldestimateheritabilitybasedonthegeneticsimilaritiesinidenticaltwins(100%)versusgeneticsimilaritiesinnon-identicaltwins(50%),"saidChia-chenChang,wholedthestudy.【長難句分析】"Thereason(賓語從句主語)wedecidedtostudythisintwins(定語從句，修飾主語)is(系動詞)thatwecouldestimateheritability(表語從句)basedonthegeneticsimilaritiesinidenticaltwins(100%)versusgeneticsimilaritiesinnon-identicaltwins(50%)(過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作方式狀語),"said(主句謂語)Chia-chenChang(主句主語),wholedthestudy(定語從句)."Ifatrait,suchasthedesiretobeinnature,isclearlymoresimilarbetweenidenticaltwinsthannon-identicaltwins,thiswillthensuggestatraitisheritable."【基礎(chǔ)解析】traitn.（個人的）特征，特性，品質(zhì)【釋】aparticularcharacteristicthatcanproduceaparticulartypeofbehaviour【例】Hissenseofhumourisoneofhisbettertraits.具有幽默感是他更討人喜歡的特點之一?！就卣寡由臁匡@性性狀：dominanttrait隱性性狀：recessivetraitShesaidthatthosewholiveinurbanenvironmentswithoutaccesstonaturecouldenduphavingalesserappreciationofit,explaining:"Wedidnottestthisinourstudybutitispossiblebecausepreviousstudieshaveshownthatspendingtimeinnatureislinkedtoincreasedloveofnature."【基礎(chǔ)解析】endup最后處于；最后成為；以……告終【釋】tofinallybeinaparticularplaceorsituation【例】Afterworkingherwayaroundtheworld,sheendedupteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage.靠打工游遍世界后，她最后做了教師，教外國人學英語。UsingtheTwinsUKregistry,researcherssurveyed1,153pairsoftwins-identicalandnon-identical-abouthowtheyexperiencednature.Thetwinswereaskedtoratetheirfamiliaritywithanddesiretobeinnature,andhowfrequentlytheyvisitnaturalspacessuchaspublicparksandprivategardens.Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【長難句分析】Thestudy(主句主語),publishedinPlosBiology(過去分詞短語作后置定語),found(主句謂語)thatidentical(monozygotic)twins(賓語從句主語),whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes(定語從句，修飾identicaltwins),were(賓語從句系動詞)moresimilar(賓語從句表語)toeachother(介賓短語)intheirorientationtowardsnature(in的賓語1)andhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins(how引導的賓語從句，作in的賓語2),whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial(定語從句，修飾fraternaltwins).Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【基礎(chǔ)解析】orientationn.（某人的）特別喜好，價值取向，信仰觀念【釋】theparticularthingsthatapersonprefers,believes,thinks,orusuallydoes【例】Weemploypeoplewithoutregardtotheirpoliticalorsexualorientation.我們雇用人時并不考慮其政治或性取向。Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【基礎(chǔ)解析】fraternaladj.兄弟的，手足的【釋】relatingtobrothers【例】fraternalrivalry兄弟間的競爭Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【拓展延伸】maternaladj.母親的；母親般的【釋】connectedwithbeingamother【例】maternalinstincts母親的天性paternaladj.父親的【釋】connectedwithbeingafather;typicalofakindfather【例】paternallove父愛However,heritabilitydeclinedwithage,perhapsshowingthatenvironmentalfactorssuchasaccesstonatureandgreenspacesbringaboutaloveoftheoutdoorsasonegrowsolder.【長難句分析】However,heritability(主語)declined(謂語)withage,perhapsshowing(現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語)that(that引導賓語從句，作showing的賓語)environmentalfactors(賓語從句主語)suchasaccesstonatureandgreenspacesbringabout(賓語從句謂語)aloveoftheoutdoors(賓語從句賓語)asonegrowsolder(時間狀語從句).Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturalspacesimprovesmentalwellbeing,thisvariesfrompersontoperson.Forthefirsttime,theresearcherssay,thisstudyhasindicatedwhythatisbysuggestingthereislikelytobeageneticcomponentinourpredispositionstowardsnatureandourlikelihoodtovisitnaturalspaces.【長難句分析】Forthefirsttime(時間狀語),theresearcherssay(插入語),thisstudy(主語)hasindicated(謂語)whythatis(賓語從句)bysuggesting(方式狀語)thereislikelytobeageneticcomponent(賓語從句，作suggesting的賓語)inourpredispositionstowardsnatureandourlikelihoodtovisitnaturalspaces(介詞短語作后置定語，修飾component).Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturalspacesimprovesmentalwellbeing,thisvariesfrompersontoperson.Forthefirsttime,theresearcherssay,thisstudyhasindicatedwhythatisbysuggestingthereislikelytobeageneticcomponentinourpredispositionstowardsnatureandourlikelihoodtovisitnaturalspaces.【基礎(chǔ)解析】predispositionn.傾向；癖性；（易患某種病的）體質(zhì)【釋】aconditionthatmakessb/sthlikelytobehaveinaparticularwayortosufferfromaparticulardisease【例】ageneticpredispositiontoliverdisease易患肝病的遺傳體質(zhì)Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturalspacesimprovesmentalwellbeing,thisvariesfrompersontoperson.Forthefirsttime,theresearcherssay,thisstudyhasindicatedwhythatisbysuggestingthereislikelytobeageneticcomponentinourpredispositionstowardsnatureandour