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Introductionto

AmericanArtIntroductionto

AmericanArt1TopicsforthiscourseAbstractExpressionists

JacksonPollock,WillemdeKooning,Colourfieldartists:

MarkRothko,BarnettNewman,HelenFrankenthaler,Popartists:

RobertRauschenberg,JasperJohns,AndyWarhol,RoyLichtenstein,ClaesOldenburg,FeministArtists:

JudyChicago,MiriamSchapiro,BarbaraKruger,CindySherman,Realist&SuperRealistartists:

EdwardHopper,GeorgeSegal,RobertEstes,AudreyFlack,DuaneHanson.TopicsforthiscourseAbstract2PriorKnowledgecheckInpairs,writedownthefollowing:MajorhistoricaleventsEconomicfactorsSignificantleadersNewideas/philosophiesSocial/technologicalshiftsCulturaldevelopmentsoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica1930-1980.PriorKnowledgecheckInpairs,3HISTORICALCONTEXT

EventsthatinfluencedModernAmericanArtHISTORICALCONTEXT

Eventsthat4TheArmoryShow1913ThisexhibitionintroducedAmericanstotheEuropeanAvantGardeart–eventhoughpublicwasskeptical/scandalised!FeaturedmajorPost-Impressionists,Fauves,Cubists1929–openingoftheMuseumofModernArt(MOMA)RIGHT:MarcelDuchamp’sNudedescendingaStaircaseandaparodyfromanewspaper,SeeingNewYorkwithaCubist:theRedsdescendingastaircaseTheArmoryShow1913Thisexhib5ArmoryShowhighlightsWorkssuchasthesecreatedanartisticrenaissanceinAmerica.USartistswereexposedtonewstylesandapproaches.LEFTMatisseLuxuryII(1908)ABOVEPicassoWomanwithPepperPot(1910)ArmoryShowhighlightsWorkssu6GreatDepression1929–GreatDepression.Destructionofthecarefreelifeduringthe‘RoaringTwenties’.ArtistsbegantolookinternallyforinspirationThisledtoaninterestinSurrealism–artofdreamsandfantasy;removedfromterrorsofrealityGreatDepression1929–GreatD7Precisionism-1930s

AmericabecomesmoreindustrializedPrecisionism(1929-1935)akaCubistRealismStyle:Crisp,linear,flatplanes,hardedgedThemes:Industrialization,ModernizationE.g.CharlesDemuth’sISawtheFigure5inGold(1928),inspiredbythepoem“TheGreatFigure,”byWilliamsCarlosWilliamsPrecisionism-1930s

America81930s:ArrivalofDiegoRiveraandMexicanmuralpaintersFamousformuralsshowinghistoryofhiscountry/leftwingrevolutioninMexicocityCompletedlargescalemuralsinUS–e.g.ManatattheCrossroadsatRadioCityintheRockefellerCenter,NewYork

Thismural,whichcontainedaportraitofLenin,wasdestroyedaroundmidnightofFeb9,1934,bybeingchippedfromthewallandsmashedtopowder.1930s:ArrivalofDiegoRiver91930sSocialRealismGrantWood’s1930workAmericanGothicshowingafarmerandhisspinsterdaughter.WorksshowsthePuritanethicsoftheMidWest.Muchartofthistimewasstronglyregionalist.1930sSocialRealismGrantWood10TheNewDeal1929-1941Torelieveunemployment,FranklinD.Roosevelt’sWPA(WorksProgressAdmin)gavejobstoartists,writersandcomposersMuralsforpublicbuildingsPlays/balletsforregionaltheatres1930s:dominantartstylewassocialrealismTheNewDeal1929-1941Torelie11EdwardHopper1940s

RealistartistGas1940Nighthawks1942Hopper’sworkcapturestheisolationandexistentiallonelinessofthe20thCEdwardHopper1940s

Realista12WorldWarIIperiod(1941-1945)ArtistsandintellectualsemigratetoAmerica–e.g.AlbertEinstein,MiesVanderRohe(architect),AldousHuxleyEuropeanartistslikeMarcelDuchamp,Mondrian,MarcChagallsettledinNewYork&becomeveryinfluential.WorldWarIIperiod(1941-194513RapidIndustrialisationinWWIIeraTheWreckoftheOle'97(1943)byThomasHartBentoncapturesthetensionbetweentheindustrializationoftheAmericanwestandthedisappearanceoftheMidwesternruraltraditionRapidIndustrialisationinWWI14SurrealismcomestoAmericaEuropeanMigrantpaintersGorkyandDeKooningexploresurrealism,cubism,expressionismPsychicAutomatismInfluencedbyFreud’stheoriesofPsychoanalysisisusedbyartistswhowanttoaccesstheirsubconsciousRIGHTTheLiveristheCock’sCombArshileGorky1944SurrealismcomestoAmericaEur15Post-Warperiod(1945-1968)POSITIVESUSemergesasasuperpowerUS–capitalistsociety,wealthy,highstandardofliving,attractedmoremigrantsfromEuropewhoenrichedtheartsscene(espinNY)NEGATIVESHowever:destructionofPearlHarbour(atomicbomb)andColdWaratmosphereleftpeoplefeelingasenseofdepressionanddespair.70%ofAmericansexpectedawarwithUSSRwithin10yearsPost-Warperiod(1945-1968)POS16PostWarperiodcont..TheNewYorkSchoolemerges–1sttimeanInternationalstylecomesfromUSATheirartcapturedtheanger/painofagenerationwhohadfacedtheGreatDepressionasyoungpeopleandlivedthroughthehorrorsofwar.Einstein’sTheoryofRelativityandJean-PaulSartre’stheoryofExistentialism

becomesinfluentialPostWarperiodcont..TheNew17AbstractExpressionismemerges

Late1940sJacksonPollock’sdrippaintings(One:No31,1950)ColourfieldpaintingsofMarkRothko(Red,Orange,Tan,andPurple,1949)AbstractExpressionismemerges18VietnamandtheCrisisofConfidence(1968-70)Society/PoliticsAnti-Vietnam/studentProtestsRaceriotsCivilRightsdemonstrationsAssassinationsAmericanmoonlandingLiterature:BeatPoetsAllanGinsbergandJackKerouacRichardRauschenbergRetroactiveI,1963VietnamandtheCrisisofConf19PopartRoyLichtensteinandAndyWarholchallengetheboundariesofartandcommentonmassproduction/consumercultureofUSA.Itwasacelebrationofthebanalandfamiliarandcounteredthe“seriousness”ofAbstractExpressionismPopartRoyLichtensteinandAn20EndofPopArt-

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