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專題04閱讀理解初中英語閱讀理解題是考查學(xué)生英語水平的重要測(cè)試題型,在各地中考英語試卷中均占較大比重(通常占總分的20%左右)。英語閱讀理解題主要是考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)英語語言知識(shí)的能力,包括細(xì)節(jié)理解能力、詞義判斷能力、歸納概括能力及邏輯推理能力等。根據(jù)部頒英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),初中畢業(yè)生應(yīng)達(dá)到五級(jí)綜合語言運(yùn)用能力。其中英語閱讀理解需達(dá)到以下目標(biāo)要求:
1、能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義;
2、能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系;
3、能找出文章中的主題,理解故事的情節(jié),預(yù)測(cè)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和可能的結(jié)局;
4、能讀懂常見體裁的閱讀材料;
5、能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀策略獲取信息;
6、能利用字典等工具進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí);
7、除教材外,課外閱讀量應(yīng)累計(jì)達(dá)到15萬詞以上。一、閱讀理解題的命題類型及特征【主旨大意題】閱讀理解是對(duì)整個(gè)文章的目的、意圖、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、態(tài)度以及內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系的理解,而不是斷章取義的一孔之見,所以統(tǒng)覽全篇和問題是很有必要的,這些問題會(huì)給你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要細(xì)節(jié)。在統(tǒng)覽全篇的同時(shí)要注意抓住文章的中心大意,捕捉主題句,因?yàn)橐恍╋@性的答案是可以從主題句中直接回答,而隱性的答案則是要通過對(duì)全篇的理解才能得出。主題句一般具有以下特征:①概括全段思想。②一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中,它通常是用單詞、短語表達(dá)的。③解這種題目時(shí),不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義,需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識(shí)、背景知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等推理、判斷,從而獲取文章中內(nèi)隱的信息。主旨題常見的命題形式:①Themainideaofthistextmaybe…….②Thispassageismainlyabout…….③Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext…….④Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?⑤What'sthetopicofthetext?⑥Thepassagegivesusis…...【典例】Thegreatesthelpthepassagegivesusis____.A.tointroduceafoodguidetotheworldB.toprovideuswithknowledgeofsixfoodgroupsC.tosuggestawayofeatingforahealthylifeD.tofindthemaincauseofsomeseriousdiseases答案為C。不同的飲食習(xí)慣給我們的健康生活帶來了不同的影響,而不是提供各種類型食物的知識(shí)等,因此不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義,選擇其它的選項(xiàng)。【推斷題】這種題目有一定難度,往往不能直接從文中找到答案,而必須根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼逻M(jìn)行深層理解后,才能找到答案。有時(shí)甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖、語氣等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,這些題目一般都是深層意義的題目,他們沒有明示,大多數(shù)屬于模糊性的,甚至是模棱兩可。解答這類題時(shí),要求同學(xué)予以高度重視注意從話題出發(fā),充分運(yùn)用自己的邏輯思維能力,從文章的內(nèi)在含義和字里行間中,從作者的態(tài)度和取向中獲取信息,做出正確的判斷。應(yīng)特別注意以下特征:①吃透文章的表層意思,是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ);②推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文;③不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn);④在提問中常用的詞有suggest,mean,infer(推斷),fromthefact,indicate(暗示)conclusion,probably,likely,reason,because,accordingto"等。推斷題常有的命題形式:①Itcanbeknownfromthetextthat….②
Fromthetextweknowthat….③Thestoryimpliesthat….④Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe….⑤Thewritersuggeststhat….【典例】Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph(段落)that____.A.youaresupposedtofollowyourparents’wordsB.studentsshouldnotlistentomusicbeforeexamsC.youhavesomegoodreasonstoexercisetomusicD.musicmighthelpyoutogethighergradesintests根據(jù)文中:AstudyshowedstudentswholistenedtoMozartwentontoscorehighermarksinanintelligencetest.這一個(gè)信息得知,科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn),凡是聽莫扎特音樂的同學(xué)在智力測(cè)試中不斷獲得更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。因而答案為D.【事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題】首先是直接理解性題目,這種題目比較簡(jiǎn)單,只要通讀全文,了解文中所敘述的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié),就可以解答出來,有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案.另外還有一些題目要求對(duì)文中個(gè)別難詞、關(guān)鍵詞、詞組或句子作出解釋或需要對(duì)有關(guān)的上下文提供的語境和信息、甚至對(duì)整篇文章的內(nèi)容建立準(zhǔn)確、立體的理解和判斷?!镜淅縒hichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Moreandmorepeoplehavegoodeatinghabitsnow.B.Parents'eatinghabitsareimportanttotheirchildren.C.Goodeatinghabitsdeveloponlywhenyouareyoung.D.Themorefruitandvegetablesweeat,thelongerwewilllive.這道題答案為B。文中:Whenparentshavepooreatinghabits,theirchildrenusuallydo,too.Afterall,childreneatthesamewayastheirparents.父母的飲食習(xí)慣不斷地影響著孩子,因此對(duì)孩子非常重要。對(duì)于這類型的題只要通讀全文,了解文中所敘述的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié),就可以解答出來。【猜測(cè)詞義題】這類問題主要考察學(xué)生兩方面能力。根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)和判斷生詞、短語或句子在閱讀材料中的含義,即利用我們所熟悉的詞或短語和上下文中的已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯上的推理,有時(shí)還需依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。猜詞的活動(dòng)是閱讀中經(jīng)常遇到的,閱讀理解題目中的作為干擾項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng),一般多是學(xué)生比較熟悉、想當(dāng)然的詞典意義,或者適應(yīng)學(xué)生習(xí)慣的漢語思維方式;而正確的含義往往不只是詞典上的,而是要通過上下文內(nèi)容的提示才能確定的解這類題時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下特點(diǎn):①注意一些過渡詞語,如thatis,thisis,inotherwords等,它們直接引出了同義解釋;②注意連接詞及被猜測(cè)的詞前后的因果,讓步,遞進(jìn),轉(zhuǎn)折,列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。③注意同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、同位語、定語從句,相似或相反的結(jié)構(gòu)等。④對(duì)于句中首字母或全部是大寫的單詞,應(yīng)該猜出可能是專有名詞(人名、地名、組織等),因此拼讀有時(shí)是最合適的方法?!镜淅康谝活}:Theunderlinedwordenhancecanbereplacedby_______.A.impress
B.improve
C.provide
D.produce此題答案為B,由上句improve一詞可猜出enhance也是“提高”之意【典例】第二題:“Flattenedwheat”means_______.A.brokenwheat
B.lyingwheat C.harvestedwheat
D.growingwheat此題答案為B,此題是依據(jù)該短語前面的句子:Someofhiswheatwaslyingontheground.此外,還有明確的信息:Thewheatinthecirclesliesonthegroundbutisneverbroken;由此我們推測(cè)出“Flattenedwheat”是lyingwheat而不是brokenwheat。
針對(duì)此類題型,考生需要在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息,然后遵循由整體到細(xì)節(jié)的原則,把握作者的思路,按全文→段落→詞語的步驟來解題。具體解題技巧如下:【推理判斷題】此類試題要求考生對(duì)文章中的內(nèi)容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理,也就是要運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力推出蘊(yùn)含在文章中卻沒有明說的事實(shí)及暗示的含義。1.常見設(shè)問方式此類試題中常含有“可能、也許”等詞匯,如probably,might,possible,may等。具體設(shè)問形式如下:(1)感受類Howdidthewriter/sb.feelwhen...(2)出處類①Inwhichpartofthenewspapercanyounormallyreadthispassage?②You/Wecanprobablyreadthearticle/passagein...③Thispieceofpassagemayappear/befrom..(3)看法類①Whatdoyouthinkofsb./sth.?/Howdoyoulikesb./sth.?②It'sclearthat...(4)判斷正誤類Whichis(NOT)TRUEaccordingtothepassage?(5)其他類①Fromthepassage,weknow/learn/seethat...②Accordingtothepassage,sb....③Whichofthefollowingsentencebestdescribes...?④Whichofthefollowingisthemissingpartinthelastparagraph?【邏輯推論題】(1)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論邏輯推論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理,從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。解答這類試題的前提是獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的具體事實(shí),然后按題目的要求進(jìn)行推斷?!镜淅饰觥縋itucoisaspecialdogfromBrazil.WhydoIsayso?Becausehecangoshoppingallbyhimself.Everyday,PitucogoestoAgroPettogethisfood.Thatmakeshimpopular.“EverybodyknowsPituco,”saystheanimaldoctoroftheshop.“Sometimes,whenhecan’treachwhathewants,hebarks(吠叫)untilwehandittohim.”60.Fromthepassage,welearnthatPitucoisa_____dog.A.quietB.strong C.clever D.brave【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)文章介紹Pituco可以自己購物的事實(shí)可知,他應(yīng)該是非常聰明的,由此鎖定正確答案C。根據(jù)作者的思想傾向和感情色彩判斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度,所謂作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,就是表達(dá)作者對(duì)某個(gè)話題、行為、事件的看法、感覺或判斷。作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度一般分為三大類:支持、贊同、樂觀;客觀、中立;反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間。因此,在推斷過程中,應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭,尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或副詞?!镜淅饰觥縎hebroughtusuptothefrontoftheclassandplacedhimononesideofherdeskandmeontheother.Therewasalargeroundobjectonherdesk.Itwasblack.Butwhensheaskedtheboy,heanswered,“White.”Icouldn’tbelieveit!Anotherargumentstarted,thistimeaboutthecoloroftheobject.62.Howdidthewriterfeelwhentheboysaidtheobjectwaswhite?A.Surprised. B.Worried. C.Happy. D.Angry.【點(diǎn)撥】通過“Icouldn'tbelieveit!”推斷出作者是“驚奇的surprised”。(3)根據(jù)文章體裁和內(nèi)容推斷文章出處判斷文章出處的題目應(yīng)從文章的體裁和內(nèi)容來著手。一般來說,報(bào)紙上的新聞前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱等,廣告類文章因其格式特殊,容易辨認(rèn);產(chǎn)品說明類文章如器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式,而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等;來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)的文章一般比較新穎,時(shí)效性強(qiáng)?!緮?shù)字計(jì)算題】此類試題往往涉及多處信息,考生應(yīng)處處留心。具體方法如下:1.仔細(xì)分析題干,抓牢關(guān)鍵詞。2.根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞準(zhǔn)確定位到文中或圖表中的句子,根據(jù)句子提供的數(shù)據(jù)以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算和推斷?!镜淅饰觥縄havebeenataxidriverforovertenyears.It’sagoodjobmostofthetime.Imeetalotofpeople.Ialwaysworkatnightbecausethereistoomuchtrafficduringtheday.IlivetwentymilesoutsideLondon.Iusuallygotoworkathalfpastfiveintheafternoonandgobackhomeat2inthemorning.45.Howlongdidthedriverworkeveryday?A.Eightandahalfhours. B.Eighthours. C.Ninehours.D.Eightandhalfanhour.【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)最后一句“Iusuallygotoworkathalfpastfiveintheafternoonandgobackhomeat2inthemorning.”可知作者在下午五點(diǎn)半上班,凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)下班。據(jù)此計(jì)算得出作者的工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)為八個(gè)半小時(shí)。由此得出正確答案是A。詞/句義猜測(cè)此類題的目的在于檢測(cè)學(xué)生利用上下文對(duì)詞、詞組以及句子的理解能力?!驹~/句義猜測(cè)題】類型主要有三種:熟詞新義。要求學(xué)生在某一特定的語言環(huán)境下推斷某一多義詞的準(zhǔn)確意思;2.生詞釋義。要求學(xué)生根據(jù)范圍較小的上下文推斷出詞義;3.難句釋義。要求學(xué)生根據(jù)范圍稍大的上下文推斷句意。解答此類題,考生可以參考以下解題技巧:(1)、根據(jù)上下文語境猜測(cè)詞/句義。有些單詞或句子不能直接猜測(cè)出其意思,但可以根據(jù)上下文的提示來進(jìn)行推測(cè)?!镜淅饰觥縎treetperformers(表演者)usedtobestreetmusicians(音樂人)before.ThehistoryofstreetmusicianscangobacktotheMiddleAges(中世紀(jì))inEurope.Theywerecalled“troubadours”then.Nowadays,streetperformersarenotonlymusicians.Theycanbeactors,clowns,dancers,storytellersandsoon.Mostpeoplecallstreetperformers“buskers”now.Peopleoftencomeacrossbuskersonbusyshoppingstreetsandnearparksandwatchtheirshows.Inreturn,theygivethebuskerssomemoneybeforetheymoveon.48.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“return”(Paragraph1)meaninChinese?A.交換 B.返程 C.交流 D.討論【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句并結(jié)合劃線單詞所在的句子可知,街頭藝人表演,觀眾作為交換,給他們一些錢,由此得出正確答案是A。(2)、通過定義、定語(從句)、同位語(從句)及舉例來猜測(cè)詞義。定義或解釋形式多樣,常由is,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,call,mean,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas等詞匯或破折號(hào)來表示。作者為了更好地表達(dá)思想,在文章中對(duì)一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或詞匯等進(jìn)行解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對(duì)性,利用它們猜詞義比較容易。如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的詞,理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。另外,恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例也能夠提供猜測(cè)生詞詞義的重要線索?!镜淅饰觥縏hekitchenrubbishisbrokenintosmallpiecesandsentintothesewagesystem.Thesewagesystemtakesawaytheusedwaterfromtoilets,bathtubsandotherplaces.What’sthemeaningoftheword“sewage”inthearticle?A.吸塵 B.洗滌 C.安全 D.排污【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)下一句句意“sewagesystem帶走廁所、浴缸以及其他地方使用過的水?!笨芍?,sewage指的是排污。(3)、通過構(gòu)詞法來猜測(cè)詞義。有些生詞很難通過上下文來推測(cè)其詞義,而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用。此時(shí),掌握一些常用的詞根、詞綴、后綴等構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)就很容易推測(cè)?!镜淅饰觥縈ichealfeltshameful,buthecouldnotsayanythingaboutit.Soonhisclassmatescalledhimathiefandlaughedathimatschool.57.Theunderlinedword“shameful”means________inChinese.A.害怕的 B.高興的 C.傷心的 D.羞恥的【點(diǎn)撥】shame為名詞,意為“羞恥,羞愧”。shameful為shame的形容詞形式,由此可知選D。(4)、通過生活常識(shí)來猜測(cè)詞義?!镜淅饰觥縁orexample,sunglassesarenotjustfashionablebuttheycanalsoserveasagreatwaytoprotectyoureyesightfromUVrays.54.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“UVrays”mean?A.沙塵 B.閃電 C.紫外線D.超聲波【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)劃線詞組所在句,并聯(lián)系常識(shí)可知,戴太陽鏡不僅僅只是一種時(shí)尚潮流,還可以保護(hù)視力不受紫外線的傷害。故選C。(4)、通過同義詞、近義詞或者詞語之間的對(duì)等關(guān)系來猜測(cè)詞義。在文章中,有時(shí)作者為避免重復(fù),或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一事物的不同種類,使用同義詞或者近義詞。在這種情況下,就可以利用同義詞、近義詞的關(guān)系從熟悉的詞語推測(cè)不熟悉詞語的含義。通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組;二是要看在進(jìn)一步的解釋過程中所使用的同義詞?!镜淅饰觥?IntheUS,forexample,ifthepolicecatchadrunkdriver,thedriverwillpayafine,losehisorherlicenseandevengotoprison.52.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“afine”mean?A.health B.weather C.money D.time【點(diǎn)撥】and連接的單詞詞義相近,but連接的單詞詞義相對(duì)或相反。由“l(fā)osehisorherlicenseandevengotoprison”可知?jiǎng)澗€部分和后面一樣屬于懲罰措施,只有C項(xiàng)符合。主旨/段落大意、標(biāo)題歸納和寫作意圖【主旨/段落大意題】主旨/段落大意題要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章或段落進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評(píng)價(jià)。解答此類試題時(shí),不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義。在涉及文章的主題(mainidea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)、結(jié)局(end)等有關(guān)問題時(shí),需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識(shí)、背景知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷,從而挖掘出文章中隱含的信息。1).常見設(shè)問方式(1)Thepassageismainlyabout________(2)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthestory/passage?(4)Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?(5)Thepassage(mainly)tellsus________.(6)Fromthestory/passage,wecanknow/learnthat________.(7)Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?(8)Themainideaofthepassageis________.2).解題技巧“主題句定位法”是一種掌握全文或段落主旨大意行之有效的方法。主題句在文章中的位置,通常有以下四種情況:(1)開門見山式主題句出現(xiàn)在文(段)首。開門見山,提出主題,隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋、論證或體現(xiàn)主題思想。(2)藏頭露尾式主題句出現(xiàn)在文(段)尾。文章先闡述細(xì)節(jié),然后歸納要點(diǎn),得出結(jié)論,概括主題,即歸納寫作法。此類文章主題句往往位于末段。(3)首尾呼應(yīng)式在有些文章中,為了突出主題,文章開頭提出主題。接著進(jìn)行闡述或論證,在結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題,進(jìn)一步深化主題。(4)藏龍臥虎式主題句隱含在全文當(dāng)中,沒有明確的主題句。閱讀這樣的文章,要求考生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來分析、概括出文章的主題。具體方法是:明確各個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容,以及它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系,尋找共同點(diǎn),然后加以歸納形成主題?!緲?biāo)題歸納題】選擇標(biāo)題在英語閱讀理解題中屬于標(biāo)題歸納題,是深層理解題。常見的設(shè)問方式和解題技巧如下:1.常見設(shè)問方式(1)Whichisthebesttitlefor/ofthepassage?(2)Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe/is________.2.解題技巧通常情況下,標(biāo)題具有概括性、針對(duì)性、醒目性的特點(diǎn)。解題時(shí)要注意:(1)關(guān)注核心及高頻詞匯在閱讀文章時(shí),要注意文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)的信息,尋找與文章大多數(shù)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息,找出覆蓋全文的核心詞匯,看選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是否切中文章的中心論題。(2)根據(jù)主題句提煉標(biāo)題標(biāo)題對(duì)文章的主題具有概括性。因此,尋找文章的主題句是解答標(biāo)題歸納題的核心。主題句通常在文章首段,但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落,或者分散在文章的各個(gè)段落中。如果每個(gè)段落都有主題句,那么把各段落的主題句的中心思想集中起來,即為全文的主題句。寫作意圖題此類試題要求考生推斷作者的寫作目的。題干中常有“purpose”一詞??忌诮忸}時(shí),一般可結(jié)合文章的主旨和文體來答題。1.常見設(shè)問方式(1)Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.(2)Thewriterwrotethepassagetoadvisepeople________.(3)Inthepassage,thewriterwantstotellusthat_______.(4)What’sthepurposeofthepassage?2.解題技巧(1)主旨推斷法寫作意圖與文章主旨密切相關(guān)。因此,解答此類試題與解答主旨大意題和標(biāo)題歸納題一樣,要采用略讀法,即重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句,找到主題句,抓住文章主旨,然后由主旨來推斷作者的寫作目的。(2)文體推斷法①議論文的目的通常是說服讀者接受或贊同某一觀點(diǎn),倡導(dǎo)某種做法等。②說明文的目的是使讀者獲得某種知識(shí),提出某種建議、勸告或呼吁,或希望有關(guān)部門或人士對(duì)某種現(xiàn)象給予重視。③記敘文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的經(jīng)歷,告訴讀者一個(gè)有趣的故事,使讀者獲得樂趣;若是夾敘夾議的文章,則是表達(dá)作者的感悟或給讀者某種教育或啟示。三、【學(xué)以致用】A(2022·內(nèi)蒙古·模擬預(yù)測(cè))TopreventthespreadofCOVID-19,differentcountriestakedifferentmeasures.MostofthemcopyChina’ssuccessfulmeasures.Itmeanspeoplearenotallowedtogooutoftheirdoorswithoutthepermission(許可)fromthegovernment.Let’sseesomeunusualwaysoflockingdownandquarantining(隔離).PanamaThecentralAmericancountry,whichhashadcloseto1,000confirmed(確診)cases,hasannouncedstrictquarantinemeasurestopeople.FromApril1st,peoplewillbeabletobeawayfromtheirhomesfortwohoursatatime,andondifferentways.NoonewillbeallowedtogooutonSundays.ColombiaInsomeColombiantowns,peopleareallowedoutsidebasedonthelastnumberoftheirnationalIDnumber.Forexample,peopleinBarrancabermejawithanIDnumberendingin0,7or4areallowedtoleavethehouseonMondays,whilethosewithanIDnumberendingin1,8or5cangooutsideonTuesdays.SwedenUnlikeitsneighbors,SwedenisprettyrelaxedaboutCOVID-19,eventhoughtherearecloseto4,500confirmedcasesinthissmallcountry.Thegovernmenthopespeoplewillbehavesensibly,andbelievestheywilldotherightthings.Gatheringsofmorethan50peoplearen’tallowedonSundays,butschoolsforchildrenundertheageof16remainopen.Restaurantscanstilloffertableserviceasusual.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容,選擇最佳答案。Whichcountry’smeasuresarecopiedbyothercountriesaccordingtothepassage?A.Panama’s. B.Colombia’s. C.Sweden’s. D.China’s.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.InChina,thegovernmentallowspeopletogooutwhenevertheywant.B.InPanama,peoplecanbeawayfromtheirhomesforthreehourseveryday.C.InColombia,peoplewithanIDnumberendingin5canleavethehouseonMondays.D.InSweden,peoplecaneatintherestaurantsasusual.3.HowmanyconfirmedcaseswerethereinPanamawhenittookstrictquarantinemeasures?A.Lessthan16. B.Morethan50.C.Closeto1,000. D.Closeto4,500.4.Whatdoestheunderlineword“sensibly”mean?A.明智地 B.禮貌地 C.快速地 D.寬容地5.Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?A.Agameshow. B.Anewsreport.C.Aschoolsurvey. D.Afamilyletter.【答案】1.D
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.B【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了如何防止新冠病毒的傳播。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MostofthemcopyChina’ssuccessfulmeasures.”可知,中國的措施被其他國家效仿了。故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Restaurantscanstilloffertableserviceasusual.”可知,在瑞典,人們可以像往常一樣在餐館吃飯。故選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThecentralAmericancountry,whichhashadcloseto1,000confirmed(確診)cases,hasannouncedstrictquarantinemeasurestopeople.”可知,這個(gè)中美洲國家已經(jīng)有近1000例確診病例,已宣布對(duì)人們采取嚴(yán)格的隔離措施。故選C。4.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“andbelievestheywilldotherightthings.”相信他們會(huì)做正確的事情可知,這里的sensibly應(yīng)該是“明智地”的意思。故選A。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Let’sseesomeunusualwaysoflockingdownandquarantining(隔離).”及下文的介紹可知,本文應(yīng)該來自于新聞報(bào)道。故選B。B(2022·廣東韶關(guān)·??级#〢recordof1,101manatees(海牛)diedinFloridalastyear,manyfromhunger.SolastDecember,governmentwildlifeexpertsthoughtupaplantogivefoodtothemanatees.Theydecidedtofeedthemgreenvegetableslikelettuceandcabbage.RonMezich,anexpert,said,“We’remakingadifference.”Sofar,theyhaveservedupmorethan193,000poundsoflettucetohungrymanatees.Butastheweatherisgettingwarm,theprogramisexpectedtoendsoon.Manateesarehugeseaanimalsthatonlyeatseagrassandotherplantsthatliveinthesea.That’sonereasonwhythey’resometimescalled“seacows”.Since1967,Florida’smanateeshavebeenontheUSgovernment’slistofendangeredanimals.Mostdangerstomanateescomefromhumans.Oneofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheanimalsareboats.Manateesarecurious(好奇的)andfairlyslow.Thathasledtothousandsofmanateesbeinghitorkilledbyboats.Atonepoint,therewereonlyabout2,000manateesleftinFlorida.Withprotection,thenumberincreased.In2016,thereweremorethan6,000manatees.However,asseagrassbegantodisappear,thenumberofmanateeskeepsgoingdownagain.Warmingseaswithpollutedwaterhavecreatedhugegrowthsofalgae(藻)ontheocean’ssurface.Thealgaeblocksthesunlightthatallowstheseagrasstogrow.Forexample,inIndianRiverLagoon,wheremanateesoftengointhewinter,about90%oftheseagrassbedstherehavediedoff.Longterm,Floridawillworktohelprestore(恢復(fù))seagrassbeds.Butthatwilltaketime.Scientistsstillworrythathundredsmoremanateescouldstarvethiswinter.6.Whyaremanateessometimescalled“seacows”?A.Theyareasbigascows. B.Theycanswimlikecows.C.Theyhavetailslikecows. D.Theyfeedonplantslikecows.7.Howhasthenumberofmanateeschangedoveryears?A. B. C. D.8.Whichshowsthecorrectorderofthecausesofmanatees’death?A.seapollution→growthofalgae→deathofseegrass→deathofmanateesB.growthofalgae→seapollution→deathofseegrass→deathofmanateesC.seapollution→deathofseegrass→growthofalgae→deathofmanateesD.growthofalgae→deathofseegrass→seapollution→deathofmanatees9.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“block”?A.provide B.prevent C.help D.a(chǎn)ttract10.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.ManateesFeedingProgram B.MoneyGiventoSaveManateesC.SeaGrassBedRestoredforManatees D.ReasonsforManatees’DeathStillUnclear【答案】6.D
7.B
8.A
9.B
10.A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了海牛所面臨的問題以及政府的保護(hù)措施。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Manateesarehugeseaanimalsthatonlyeatseagrassandotherplantsthatliveinthesea.That’sonereasonwhythey’resometimescalled“seacows”可知,因?yàn)樗鼈兿衽R粯右灾参餅槭?,故選D。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Since1967,Florida’smanateeshavebeenontheUSgovernment’slistofendangeredanimals”“Withprotection,thenumberincreased.In2016,thereweremorethan6,000manatees”可知,1967年海牛的數(shù)量是比較低的,在政府的保護(hù)下,2016年數(shù)量有所增長(zhǎng),結(jié)合“However,asseagrassbegantodisappear,thenumberofmanateeskeepsgoingdownagain”可知,現(xiàn)在又因?yàn)楹2莸膯栴},海牛的數(shù)量又下降了,B選項(xiàng)符合,故選B。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Warmingseaswithpollutedwaterhavecreatedhugegrowthsofalgae(藻)ontheocean’ssurface”可知,海水的污染造成了海藻的生長(zhǎng),所以先是seapollution,再是growthofalgae,A選項(xiàng)符合,故選A。9.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“Warmingseaswithpollutedwaterhavecreatedhugegrowthsofalgae(藻)ontheocean’ssurface.”可知,藻類生長(zhǎng)在海洋表面,可以推測(cè),它們會(huì)阻擋陽光。所以這里block意思是“阻擋,阻止”,和prevent意思相同。故選B。10.最佳標(biāo)題題。本文通過描述海牛所面臨的問題,來介紹政府為此想出的拯救計(jì)劃,所以最合適本文的標(biāo)題是“ManateesFeedingProgram”,故選A。C(2022·江西南昌·??家荒#㎡nJuly14,SunGang,atruckdriver,drovehistrucktoarepairshop.Unexpectedly,thetruckcaughtfirewhiletherepairmenwereworkingonit.Aroundtheshoptherearelotsofhousesaswellasagasstation.Sunwasworriedthatthefiremightcauseanexplosion(爆炸).Atthetime,Sundidn’thavetimetothinkalot.Hejumpedintothetruckanddroveitaway,withfireallaroundhim.“ItwassodangerousthatIdidn’twantotherstogetinvolved(受牽連的),”Sunsaid.Hedrovethetrucktotheopengroundandwatcheditburnthere.ThetruckhadcostallofSun’smoney.Sunusedittotransportdifferentkindsofproductsbetweencitiestomakealiving.Aftertheaccident,everyoneinSun’sfamilywasjusthappythatnoonewashurt.Butatthesametime,theywereallupsetbecausethetruckwasgone,andtheyhadtostartalloveragain.Yetgoodthingshappenedtogoodpeople.AfterthevideoofSundrivingawaytheburningtruckgothotonline,Sunreceivedaphonecallfromatruckcompany(公司).ItwouldliketosendSunanewtruckasaprizefordoingsomethinggood.Thereward(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))wasalsogivento“encouragegoodnessinsocietysothatmorepeoplewillstandupandmaketherightchoiceinthefaceofdanger.”“Icouldn’tbelieveit,”Sunsaidexcitedly.“Ihavedecidedtogiveawaythemoneyfromthefirstbusinessusingthenewtrucktohelpothers.”11.Howdoesthewriterintroducethetopic?A.Bycomparingtwoproducts. B.Byprovidingthebackground.C.Byexplainingthemeaning. D.Bygivingsomequestions.12.HowdidSunpreventtheburningtruckfromhurtingothers?Puttheeventsinrightorder.a.Sunwatchedtheburningtruckburnontheopenground.b.Sun’struckcaughtfiresuddenlywhilebeingrepaired.c.Sundrovehistrucktoarepairshoptohaveitrepaired.d.Sundrovetheburningtruckawaytotheopengroundquickly.A.a(chǎn)bed. B.bdca. C.cbda. D.dcba.13.HowwasthechangeofSun’sfeelingsaccordingtothepassage?A.Unexpected→excited→happy→worried→upset.B.Excited→upset→unexpected→happy→worried.C.Worried→upset→unexpected→happy→excited.D.Unexpected→worried→happy→upset→excited.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?A.Thathewouldbesentanewtruckasaprize. B.Thathistruckhadburneddowncompletely.C.ThathisvideocouldgethotontheInternet. D.Thathehadtostartalloveragain.【答案】11.B
12.C
13.D
14.A【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了貨車司機(jī)孫剛冒死開走起火貨車的故事。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“OnJuly14,SunGang,atruckdriver,drovehistrucktoarepairshop.Unexpectedly,thetruckcaughtfirewhiletherepairmenwereworkingonit.”可知此處介紹了故事的發(fā)生背景。故選B。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OnJuly14,SunGang,atruckdriver,drovehistrucktoarepairshop.Unexpectedly,thetruckcaughtfirewhiletherepairmenwereworkingonit.”可知孫剛先開車去修了,然后貨車起火,即cb;根據(jù)“Hedrovethetrucktotheopengroundandwatcheditburnthere.”可知看到貨車著火后,司機(jī)將貨車開到空地,看著它著火,即da,正確順序cbda。故選C。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Unexpectedly,thetruckcaughtfirewhiletherepairmenwereworkingonit.”可知孫剛最初感受是很意外,根據(jù)第二段“Aroundtheshoptherearelotsofhousesaswellasagasstation.Sunwasworriedthatthefiremightcauseanexplosion(爆炸).”可知孫剛緊接著很擔(dān)心;根據(jù)“Aftertheaccident,everyoneinSun’sfamilywasjusthappythatnoonewashurt.Butatthesametime,theywereallupsetbecausethetruckwasgone,andtheyhadtostartalloveragain.”可知知道沒人受傷,他很高興,但是緊接著,就很心煩意亂,因?yàn)樨涇嚊]了;根據(jù)最后一段“Sunsaidexcitedly.”可知知道自己被獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)貨車后,他很興奮。故選D。14.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)“AfterthevideoofSundrivingawaytheburningtruckgothotonline,Sunreceivedaphonecallfromatruckcompany(公司).ItwouldliketosendSunanewtruckasaprizefordoingsomethinggood.”可知it指代貨車公司打算獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)給他貨車的事。故選A。D(2022·浙江溫州·溫州市第二實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)??家荒#㏄eoplelovewalkingthroughagiantpuzzle.Inacornmaze,theycanfollowmilesofpathsandrunintolotsofdeadendsbeforetheyfinallyfindtheirwayout.Thecornmazehasbeengrowingforalmost30years.Simplecornmazesbeganappearinginthe1980s.In1993,thefirstbigcornmazecreatedforthepublictoenjoywasmadeinAnnvillePennsylvania,byDonFrantz.Then,inacornfieldasbigastwoandahalffootballfields,Mr.Frantzcut“TheAmazingMaizeMaze”withthehelpofhisfamilyandfriends.Whenitwasdone,almosttwomilesofpathwayssnakedthroughthecornfield.Sincethen,thousandsofcornmazeshavebeencreatedaroundtheworld.Formanyfarmers,acornmazemeansaboostofextraincome.Duringtheopeningweekend,6,000visitorscametogetlostinMr.Frantz’smaze.Chargingonly$5perperson,heearnedalmost$32,000intwoweeks.BrettHerbstisalsoamazedesigner.In1999hesetaworldrecordfortheworld’slargestcornmaze,animageofthesolarsystemwithnineplanetsinit.HenowhasabusinesscalledTheMAiZE,whichhasdesignedmorethan4,000mazesaroundtheworld.“Cornmazeshelppeopleconnectwiththeirroots,”hesays.“Peoplearesofarremovedfromfarmlifethattheyaredrawntosomethingreal,somethingorganic.”Today,agreatnumberofpeopleenjoyseekingfuninacornmaze.Mr.Herbstsays,“Whenweseefamiliesatthefarmhavingfun,weknowthattheyaremakingmemoriesthatwilllastalifetime.”15.Thefirstbigcornmazeforthepublicappearedin________.A.1980 B.1985 C.1993 D.199916.Accordingtothepassage,“TheAmazingMaizeMaze”________.A.wassmallerthanafootballfield B.a(chǎn)llowedvisitorstohavefunforfreeC.wascreatedbyDonFrantzalone D.a(chǎn)ttractedmanyvisitorsatthebeginning17.WhichpictureshowsthemazedesignedbyBrettHerbst?A. B. C. D.18.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.CornMaze—ATrueStoryofPuzzlesB.CornMaze—DesigningYourPuzzleC.CornMaze—ThePuzzleontheFarmD.CornMaze—ConnectingYourRoots【答案】15.C
16.D
17.B
18.C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹農(nóng)場(chǎng)上的謎題——玉米迷宮。玉米迷宮有近30年歷史了。20世紀(jì)80年代開始出現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單的玉米迷宮。1993年,DonFrantz在安維爾制作了第一個(gè)供公眾欣賞的大型玉米迷宮。1999年,BrettHerbst創(chuàng)造了世界上最大的玉米迷宮的世界紀(jì)錄,這是一個(gè)有九顆行星的太陽系圖像。玉米迷宮為游客增加了樂趣,制造一輩子的回憶,增加了農(nóng)民收入。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“In1993,thefirstbigcormmazecreatedforthepublictoenjoywasmadeinAnnvillePennsylvania,byDonFrantz.”可知,第一個(gè)供公眾欣賞的大型玉米迷宮是1993年創(chuàng)建的。故選C。16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Mr.Frantzcut“TheAmazingMaizeMaze”withthehelpofhisfamilyandfriends.”和第三段“Duringtheopeningweekend,6,000visitorscametogetlostinMr.Frantz’smaze.”可知,“神奇的玉米迷宮”一開始吸引了許多游客。故選D。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“In1999hesetaworldrecordfortheworld’slargestcornmaze,animageofthesolarsystemwithnineplanetsinit.”可知,BrettHerbst設(shè)計(jì)的玉米迷宮是有九顆行星的太陽系圖像。故選B。18.最佳標(biāo)題。本文主要介紹農(nóng)場(chǎng)上的謎題——玉米迷宮。玉米迷宮為游客增加了樂趣,制造一輩子的回憶,增加了農(nóng)民收入。由此可知,本文最佳標(biāo)題是《玉米迷宮——農(nóng)場(chǎng)上的謎題》。故選C。E(2022·廣東江門·統(tǒng)考一模)Noteveryoneisbornsmartorgoodatsports.Buteveryonecanstudytobecomesmarterandtraintogetbetteratsports.Scienceshowsthatanyonecangetbetterskills.Yourbrainismadeupofbillionsofneurons(神經(jīng)元).Theyareallconnectedandsendmessagestoeachother.Scientistshavefoundthatwhenwelearn,neuronsmakenewconnectionsandoldconnectionsgrowstronger.Butifconnectionsaren’tused,theywillbreakdown.So,learningi
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