中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)詳解+專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練專題26 閱讀理解（議論文）（含解析）

議論文往往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測(cè)作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測(cè)等幾種出題方式。議論文體閱讀理解題的應(yīng)對(duì)策略解答議論類閱讀理解試題，可以從以下幾個(gè)方面著手考慮：作者在開始敘述一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，然后對(duì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋。這類文章的主題是文中最重要的解釋或作者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的解釋，閱讀時(shí)要注意作者給出的原因，所以又被稱為原因—結(jié)果(Cause&Effect)型。還有一種比較常見的是問題—答案型，作者在一開始或一段末以問句提出一個(gè)問題(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)現(xiàn)象)，然后給出該問題的答案(相當(dāng)于解釋)。針對(duì)文中問題給出的主要答案就是這種文章的中心。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，答題時(shí)優(yōu)先考慮正面答題(直接從文章內(nèi)容得出答案)，然后從中心、態(tài)度或利用解答特征等其他角度對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)；如果從文章內(nèi)容中直接無法解決，則從中心和態(tài)度方面考慮；次之，從解答特征方面考慮?？忌钆麓祟愺w裁。山窮水盡時(shí)，記?。菏紫葟恼w上把握文章中心和作者所持的態(tài)度，靠近中心的就是答案。解題方法：1.把握文章的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。此外，還要把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語言。2.互推法：在議論之后，總會(huì)再列舉一些具體的例子來支持觀點(diǎn)或在一些例子之后，總要抒發(fā)一些議論?？忌诶斫庾h論時(shí)，可以借助文中所給的實(shí)例，從而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的議論；或從議論中推理理解具體例子的深刻含義，相互推斷。3.推理法：推理的結(jié)論一定是原文有這層意思，但沒有明確表達(dá)的。推理要根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇、段落和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，各個(gè)信息所暗示和隱含的意義，作者的隱含意等對(duì)文章進(jìn)行推理判斷?？忌晌淖值谋韺有畔⑼诰虺鑫恼碌纳顚雍x，要能透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)。二、解題技巧歷年全國(guó)中考英語閱讀理解的題型無非基本都是考查主旨大意、詞義猜測(cè)、推理判斷和細(xì)節(jié)理解四大題型。其中，命題以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔，又兼顧詞義猜測(cè)題和主旨大意題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題主要考查的是對(duì)原文具體細(xì)節(jié)的理解和把控能力，難度相對(duì)較小，廣大考生除了平時(shí)必要的閱讀量和詞匯量的積累以外，掌握一定的解題技巧對(duì)解答閱讀理解題來說也是至關(guān)重要的。具體說來：1.主旨大意型干擾項(xiàng)可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。干擾項(xiàng)可能是從文中某些(不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。干擾項(xiàng)可能是非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。正確答案根據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力。根據(jù)多年的備考及高考實(shí)踐，這類題目考查的范圍是：基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。選擇＂主題＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所讀文章的主要內(nèi)容或主旨，通常用詞、短語或句子來概括。常見的提問方式有：1.Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext?2.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?4.Thistextmainlytellsus_________.5.Thispassagemainlydealswith_________.6.Themainideaofthispassagemaybebestexpressedas_________.7.Thetopicofthispassageis_________.標(biāo)題選擇題則是讓考生給所讀的文章選擇一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。通常標(biāo)題由一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語充當(dāng)，用詞簡(jiǎn)短、精練。常見的提問方式有：1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?3.Thebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe__________.不管是選擇＂主題＂還是選擇＂標(biāo)題＂，實(shí)質(zhì)上都是要求考生從整體上理解語篇內(nèi)容，找出貫穿語篇的主線；不管是何種體裁的文章，都是圍繞一個(gè)主題來展開的。在試題設(shè)計(jì)上，3個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要內(nèi)容，需要注意甄別。2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中某些細(xì)節(jié)或重要事實(shí)的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語意理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要考生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。做此類題時(shí)可以使用定位法與跳讀法。定位法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子(即定位)，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析(尤其要注意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換)，從而選出正確答案。跳讀法即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所提供的信息跳讀原文，并找到相關(guān)的句子(有時(shí)可能是幾個(gè)句子)或段落，然后進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單分析、推理等，從而找出正確答案。(1)解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)問題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)的問題常有以下幾種命題方式：①Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?②Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?③Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat__________.④Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)__________?(2)干擾項(xiàng)：范圍過大、過??；偷換概念；正誤并存，某個(gè)分句是正確的。閱讀理解中細(xì)節(jié)理解題的干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置有以下幾個(gè)原則：①包含項(xiàng)原則在答案選項(xiàng)分析中，假如對(duì)A選項(xiàng)的理解概括了對(duì)其他三項(xiàng)(或其中某一項(xiàng))的理解，那么我們就說選項(xiàng)A與其他三項(xiàng)是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項(xiàng)A往往就是正確答案。如在＂花＂與＂玫瑰＂兩選項(xiàng)中，正確答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。②正反項(xiàng)原則所謂正反項(xiàng)，是指兩選項(xiàng)陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個(gè)相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng)，那我們通常先排除C、D項(xiàng)，正確答案一般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中。③委婉項(xiàng)原則所謂委婉，這里是指說話不能說死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項(xiàng)一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達(dá)，如：probably,possibly,

may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等，而含有絕對(duì)語氣的表達(dá)往往不是正確答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。④同形項(xiàng)原則命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍，然后通過語言形式的細(xì)微變化來考查考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項(xiàng)原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項(xiàng)中有正確答案的存在。⑤常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則議論文中，那些符合一般常識(shí)、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。⑥因果項(xiàng)原則閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進(jìn)行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進(jìn)。然而，在推理題的選項(xiàng)中，有的選項(xiàng)會(huì)推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理過頭(止于后果)，這就是所謂的干擾項(xiàng)。因果項(xiàng)原則啟示我們：假如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是兩個(gè)因果項(xiàng)中的其中之一。如果因項(xiàng)可產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)結(jié)果，那么答案就是因；如果果項(xiàng)可以對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)原因，那么答案就是果。解題方法：原文定位法。查讀法：(1)帶著問題找答案，把注意力集中在與who,what,when,where問題有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)上。(2)細(xì)心!3.詞義猜測(cè)型閱讀理解的測(cè)試中經(jīng)常有猜測(cè)詞、短語、習(xí)語、句子意義的題目，近幾年高考閱讀中詞義猜測(cè)題的考查方法呈多樣化，其中根據(jù)上下文語境推測(cè)詞義將會(huì)越來越多。有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語，后文接著會(huì)出現(xiàn)其定義、解釋或例子，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。除此之外，我們還可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號(hào)(；)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。還可以根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。俗話說，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。當(dāng)然了，這些詞、短語、習(xí)語要么是生詞，要么是熟詞新義，單靠平時(shí)積累是不夠的，還要掌握以下做題技巧。(1)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、派生)進(jìn)行判斷。(2)根據(jù)文中的定義、事例、解釋猜生詞。用事例或解釋猜生詞；用重復(fù)解釋的信息猜生詞。(3)根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。根據(jù)上下句的連接詞如but，however，otherwise等可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。(5)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。俗話說，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。(6)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。閱讀中有時(shí)出現(xiàn)新詞、難詞，后面跟著一個(gè)同位語，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋。(7)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和提示詞猜測(cè)詞義。分號(hào)還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義；破折號(hào)表示解釋說明。常見的問題形式有：(1)The

word

＂…＂

in

Line

…

means/can

be

best

replaced

by

…(2)As

used

in

the

passage,

the

phrase

＂…＂

suggests…(3)From

the

passage,

we

can

infer

that

the

word/phrase

/the

sentence

＂…＂

is/refers

to

/means…(4)The

word

＂…＂

is

closest

in

meaning

to

…常用應(yīng)對(duì)方法：同義法：常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)詞義。反義法：如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，互為反義的詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。釋義法：對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(從句)、表語，甚至用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明。此外，還有情景推斷法、代詞替代法等。做題要領(lǐng)(1)從文中找線索或信息詞；(2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新詞的意思；(3)根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞在特定句中的確切意思。(4)要特別注意熟詞新意！4.推理判斷型做題要領(lǐng)：既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章的隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作出正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度考慮而不是固守自己的看法。常見的命題方式有：(1)Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_________.(2)Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat_________.(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?(4)Whatisthetone(語氣)oftheauthor?(5)Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?(6)Thepassageisintendedto_________.(7)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?1、（2022·四川綿陽·中考真題）Doyoucompareyourselftootherpeople?Perhapsyourbestfriendreceivessomethingyoureallywant,oryou’renotallowedtogotoaconcertbutyourbrotherorsisteris.Eventhoughcomparisonsarecommonandcansometimesbehelpful,focusing(專注)onyourownprogressisimportantforyourhappiness.“Weoftencompareourselvestootherswhoaredoingbetterornotaswellasourselves.”saysDr.Jack.“ButIsuggestcomparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfutureself.Thiscanmakeyoufeelproudofwhatyou’veachievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.Focusingonyourownpurposesismoreworthwhilethanalwaystryingtocomeoutontop.”Comparingyourselftothosearoundyouisnaturalandweoftendoitwithoutrealizingit.Itcanhelpustobeclearaboutourachievementsandtoformfriendshipswithnewpeoplewhohavesimilarinterests.However,it’simportanttorememberthatnobodyisperfectinreallife.It’salsoimportanttotakenoteofhowthecomparisonismakingyoufeel.“Ifyoubegintofeelquitelow,focusonyourownstrengths.”saysJack.Inotherwords,youcanaskyourselfquestionslike“WhatcanIdowellin?”,whichcanhelpyoutrustyourself.Maybehereyouarewondering“Whatifallmyfriendsarebetterthanme?”.Dr.Whitesaysthatjealousy(妒忌)isnotbadbutfocusingonbetteringyourownworkcanhelpyoufeeljustassuccessful.Healsomentionsthatlearningtocelebrateyourfriends’successcannotonlyhelptocheeryourfriendsupbutalsohelpyoufeelgood.Itwillencourageyoutobuildeachotherup.1．WhatdoesthewritertellusinParagraph1?A．Weshouldcomparewithothers. B．Weshouldsharethingswithbrothers.C．Weshouldenjoyconcertswithsisters. D．Weshouldfocusonourownprogress.2．Whyshouldyoucompareyourselftoyourpastself?A．Tocareaboutothers. B．Tochangeyourpurposes.C．Toincreaseyourexcitement. D．Tobeproudofyourachievements.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“yourownstrengths”probablymeaninParagraph3?A．whatyou’regoodat B．whatyou’veunderstoodC．whatyou’recrazyabout D．whatyou’veexperienced4．WhatdoesDr.Whitesuggest?A．Trustingyourfriends. B．Cheeringontinysuccess.C．Celebratingothers’success. D．Formingadeepfriendship.5．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PlanYourOwnFuture B．EnjoyYourOwnHappinessC．RunYourOwnRace D．FollowYourOwnDream【答案】1．D

2．D

3．A

4．C

5．C【導(dǎo)語】本文建議我們不要與別人比較，要專注于自己。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Eventhoughcomparisonsarecommonandcansometimesbehelpful,focusingonyourownprogressisimportantforyourhappiness.”可知，盡管比較很常見，有時(shí)也有幫助，但關(guān)注自己的進(jìn)步對(duì)你的快樂很重要。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ButIsuggestcomparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfutureself.Thiscanmakeyoufeelproudofwhatyou’veachievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.”可知，把自己和過去的自己進(jìn)行比較，會(huì)讓你對(duì)自己所取得的成就感到自豪。故選D。3．詞句猜測(cè)題。分析“‘Ifyoubegintofeelquitelow,focusonyourownstrengths.’saysJack.Inotherwords,youcanaskyourselfquestionslike‘WhatcanIdowellin?’,whichcanhelpyoutrustyourself.”可知，如果你開始感覺很低落，關(guān)注自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，找到自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，可以幫助你信任自己。yourownstrengths指的是優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選A。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Healsomentionsthatlearningtocelebrateyourfriends’successcannotonlyhelptocheeryourfriendsupbutalsohelpyoufeelgood.Itwillencourageyoutobuildeachotherup.”可知，懷特博士建議學(xué)會(huì)慶祝朋友的成功不僅能讓你的朋友高興起來，也能讓你感覺良好，它會(huì)鼓勵(lì)你們互相幫助。故選C。5．最佳標(biāo)題題。本文建議我們不要與別人比較，要專注于自己。選項(xiàng)C“走自己的路”符合主題。故選C。2、（2022·浙江衢州·中考真題）OpinionsonLifeSkillsEducationAlthoughstudentsarebusystudying,itisimportanttorememberanotherareaofstudylifeskills,suchaswashingclothesandgrowingvegetables.Theyareusefulinourdailylife.Herearesomeopinionsaboutlifeskillseducation.Mrs.BlairChildrenneedtolearnmostofthelifeskillsatschool.Asparents,wecanhelpthemtakepartinactivitiesaroundthehouseandintheneighbourhood.LiPingWehavelifeskillsclassesatschool.They’requiteuseful.Theyhelpprepareforeverydayreal-lifesituations,fromwashingdishestopreparingameal.Theseclassesgiveusknowledgeweneedtoliveonourown.KevinI’mnotsurewhetheritisnecessarybecauseIhaven’ttriedlifeskillsclassesyet.Inmyschool,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskills.Theydon’tthinkitwillimprovetheirchancesofgettingintocollege.MaryHavinglifeskillsclassesatschoolisimportant.Besides,thereareotherwaysforustolearnlifeskills.WecanwatchvideosontheInternet.Wecanalsolearnfromourparentsandtakepartintheactivitieswiththem.6．InKevin’sopinion,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskillsbecause________.A．theyarenotinterestedinit B．it’shelplessforattendingcollegeC．theyarenotsurewhattolearn D．it’suselesstoimprovelivinglevel7．AccordingtoLiPing,whatcanwegetfromlifeskillseducation?A．Knowledgeforcollege. B．Chancestohelpourneighbours.C．Knowledgeforlivingalone. D．Chancestolearnfromourparents.8．Whohavethesameopiniononlifeskillseducationaccordingtothetext?A．LiPing,KevinandMary. B．Mrs.Blair,KevinandMary.C．Mrs.Blair,LiPingandKevin. D．Mrs.Blair,LiPingandMary.【答案】6．B

7．C

8．D【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹幾個(gè)人對(duì)于生活技能教育的看法。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inmyschool,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskills.Theydon’tthinkitwillimprovetheirchancesofgettingintocollege.”可知，許多學(xué)生不重視學(xué)習(xí)生活技能，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這不會(huì)提高他們進(jìn)入大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選B。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theseclassesgiveusknowledgeweneedtoliveonourown.”可知，這些課程為我們提供了獨(dú)立生活所需的知識(shí)。故選C。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Mrs.BlairChildrenneedtolearnmostofthelifeskillsatschool.”，“LiPingThey’requiteuseful.”和“MaryHavinglifeskillsclassesatschoolisimportant.”可知，Mrs.Blair，LiPing和Mary有相同的看法，故選D。3、（2022·湖北黃石·中考真題）Nowadays,expertscallonhighschoolstudentstoreadasmanyliteraryclassics(文學(xué)名著)aspossible.Whatdoyouthinkofit?Linda:Wedon’thaveenoughlifeexperiences,sowemayhavedifficultyunderstandingthedeeperclassics.Butthisshouldn’tbeareasontogiveupreadingclassics.AsFrancisBaconsaid,“Readingmakesafullman;conference(談話)areadyman;andwritinganexactman.”Curry:Classicsarethetreasuresourancestorsleftus.Weshouldreadthemandpassthemdown.AstheoldChinesesayinggoes,“Onewhoisfilledwithknowledgealwaysbehaveswell.”Classicscanopenupourmindsanddevelopourinterestinculture.Frank:Withoutbackgroundandlifeexperiences,studentscan’tunderstandwhatwriterswanttoexpressintheirclassics.Whilereading,somestudentsmainlypayattentiontowordsandexpressionsratherthanthehiddenideas.Forthisreason,readingclassicsmightbeawasteoftime.Mary:Ontheonehand,notallclassicsaresuitable(合適的)forallstudents,astherearemanydifficultexpressionsanddeepideas.Ontheotherhand,thespecialwritingstylesmakeitdifficultforstudentstounderstand.Sotheywon’tprobablychoosethem.9．Whoagreeswiththeideaofreadingliteraryclassics?A．Linda&Curry. B．Linda&Mary. C．Curry&Frank. D．Frank&Mary.10．WhatdoesCurrythinkofliteraryclassics?A．Theyimprovestudents’readingskills. B．Theydevelopstudents’interestinculture.C．Theyhelpstudentslearnmorewords. D．Theycanchangestudents’personalities(個(gè)性).11．Frankthinksclassicsarenotworthreadingbecause________.A．thewritersliveindifferentcountriesB．studentsprefertoreadaboutlifeexperiencesC．studentsmightpaymoreattentiontowordsandexpressionsD．studentsmightnotunderstandthewritingstyles12．BothLindaandCurryexplaintheirideasby________.A．listingexamples B．showingnumbersC．givingquotes(引語) D．makingcomparisons(對(duì)比)13．Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?A．Whyliteraryclassicsbecomepopularinhighschools.B．Whetherhighschoolstudentsshouldreadliteraryclassics.C．Whyhighschoolstudentsshouldreadliteraryclassics.D．Howhighschoolsshouldhelpstudentsimprovereadingskills.【答案】9．A

10．B

11．C

12．C

13．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要談?wù)摿烁咧猩欠駪?yīng)該讀文學(xué)名著。四個(gè)人給出他們各自的觀點(diǎn)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Linda:Wedon’thaveenoughlifeexperiences,sowemayhavedifficultyunderstandingthedeeperclassics.Butthisshouldn’tbeareasontogiveupreadingclassics.”（Linda：我們沒有足夠的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以我們可能難以理解更深層次的經(jīng)典。但這不應(yīng)該成為放棄閱讀經(jīng)典的理由。）以及“Curry:Classicsarethetreasuresourancestorsleftus.Weshouldreadthemandpassthemdown.”（Curry：經(jīng)典是我們祖先留給我們的財(cái)富。我們應(yīng)該閱讀它們并將其傳下去。）可知Linda和Curry同意閱讀文學(xué)名著，故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Classicscanopenupourmindsanddevelopourinterestinculture.”可知Curry認(rèn)為經(jīng)典培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)文化的興趣。故選B。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Withoutbackgroundandlifeexperiences,studentscan’tunderstandwhatwriterswanttoexpressintheirclassics.Whilereading,somestudentsmainlypayattentiontowordsandexpressionsratherthanthehiddenideas.Forthisreason,readingclassicsmightbeawasteoftime.”（沒有背景和生活經(jīng)歷，學(xué)生們無法理解作家想要在他們的經(jīng)典作品中表達(dá)什么。在閱讀時(shí)，一些學(xué)生主要關(guān)注單詞和表達(dá)，而不是隱藏的思想。因此，閱讀經(jīng)典可能是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。）可知Frank認(rèn)為經(jīng)典名著不值得讀，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生可能會(huì)更注意單詞和表達(dá)，故選C。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AsFrancisBaconsaid,‘Readingmakesafullman;conference(談話)areadyman;andwritinganexactman.’”以及“AstheoldChinesesayinggoes,‘Onewhoisfilledwithknowledgealwaysbehaveswell.’”可知Linda和Curry都通過引用名言來解釋他們的想法，故選C。13．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Nowadays,expertscallonhighschoolstudentstoreadasmanyliteraryclassics(文學(xué)名著)aspossible.Whatdoyouthinkofit?”可知本文主要談?wù)摿烁咧猩欠駪?yīng)該讀文學(xué)名著。故選B。4、（2022·北京·中考真題）Whenitcomestoameaningfullife,wemightthinkoflove,happinessandhealth.Alifefilledwithmeaningiswhatmostofuswantforourselves.Then,whatmakesameaningfullife?Manyresearchersagreethatameaningfullifecomesdowntothreefactors(因素):havinglong-termgoals,believingthatone’slifematters,andfeelingthatone’slifefitstogetherand“makessense”.Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeingabletoappreciatethevaluewithintheconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife’sbeauty.WerecentlysetouttobetterunderstandEAinstudies.WewereinterestedinwhetherEAwasalsotiedtogeneraljudgmentofmeaninginlife.Ifso,itcouldbeafactorformeaningfulness.Inthefirststudy,wehadpeoplerate(評(píng)估)theirsupportfordifferentmethodsofreducingstress.Wefoundthatpeoplewhomanagedstressbyfocusingontheirappreciationforlife’sbeautyalsoreportedexperiencinglifeashighlymeaningful.Inthenextstudy,weaskedpeopletoratethedegreetowhichtheyagreedwithvariousstatements,suchas“Iappreciatethebeautyoflife”and“Iappreciatelittlethingsinlife,”aswellasotherstatementsthatrelatedtothethreefactorsandageneralsenseofmeaninginlife.Ourresultsshowedthatthemorepeoplereportedthattheywere“appreciatinglife”anditsmanyexperiences,themoretheyfelttheirlifewasvaluable.Inthefollowingstudies,wefurtherlookedattheconnectionbetweenEAandmeaningfulness.Forexample,wefoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedtolookbackonthemostmeaningfuleventofthepastweekgenerallyreportedhighEAinthosemoments.Alltheresultsprovedourtheory(假設(shè))true.Butputtingitintopracticecanbedifficult.Ourfast-pacedlifestylesfillthedaywithgoals.Wetrytogetthehighestoutputbothatworkandinsparetime.Thisfocusonfutureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.Weshouldslowdownandletlifesurpriseus.14．YouweremostprobablyintheEAconditionwhen_________.A．youmadeatravelplanforthecomingholidayB．youhurriedtoservethecustomersinthestoreC．youpracticedhardtobecomethebestviolinistD．youstoppedtoadmiretherosesbytheroadside15．Whatcanwelearnfromthestudiesmentionedinthepassage?A．Thinkingbacktothepastweakensoursenseofmeaning.B．Enjoyingsmallthingscaninfluenceourattitudetowardlife.C．Properstressmanagementisthekeytolivingasatisfyinglife.D．Goodjudgmentonbeautyimprovesconnectionsamongpeople.16．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Itiseasierforresults-drivenpeopletoachievesuccess.B．Weoftenturnablindeyetothepresentmoment.C．Afast-pacedlifestylehelpsusreachourgoals.D．Futurelifewillbringusmanymoresurprises.17．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toexplainhowtodiscoverbeautyinlife.B．Todiscusswhatthetruemeaningoflifeis.C．Tointroduceanewfactorforameaningfullife.D．Tocomparedifferentfactorsformeaningfulness.【答案】14．D

15．B

16．B

17．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，討論是什么讓生活變得有意義。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).”可知，當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)歷時(shí)，這些時(shí)刻可能會(huì)改善他們對(duì)自己生活的看法，我們稱之為體驗(yàn)欣賞。選項(xiàng)D“你停下來欣賞路邊的玫瑰”符合，故選D。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.”可知，生活讓我們體驗(yàn)到美麗的小瞬間，當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)歷時(shí)，這些時(shí)刻可能會(huì)改善他們對(duì)自己生活的看法。故選B。16．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Thisfocusonfutureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.”可知，我們經(jīng)常忽略當(dāng)下正在發(fā)生的一切。故選B。17．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.”本文主要討論有意義的生活的一個(gè)新的要素，故選C。5、（2022·山東菏澤·中考真題）Theysayonceyoulearnhowtorideabike,youneverforget.Mostofuslearntwhenwewerekids,andmanystillshootoffforaridearoundthestreets.Inrecenttimes,cyclinghasseenariseinpopularity,sothequestionis:whatmakesitsopopulartopeopletoridetheirbikesonceagain?First,let’slookatthegoodforhealth.Cyclingcanimproveyourhealthandburnextrabodyfat.Exercisingyourlegshelpstoincreaseyourstrength.Andcycling’sgoodisn’tjustphysical,butmental(精神的)aswell.Alongrideinthecountrysidecouldhelpyoutoclearyourmind,orloweryourworry.Butit’snotonlyaboutyourbodyandmind,therearealsosomegoodsidesforyourwallet’s(錢包)health.Cyclingcanbeagreatwaytogotoworkorgoaroundtown.Bycycling,yousavemoneyinsteadofdrivingacarortakingabus.Ifyoudrivetowork,sometimesfindingsomewheretoparkcanbeaverydifficultthing.However,findingsomewheretolockyourbikecanbemuchsimpler.Then,onthebus,therearechangesatstationsandotherpassengersspeakingloudlyontheirphonestodealwith.Cyclistsfaceneitheroftheseproblems.Andifyou’reworriedaboutsafety,therearespecialcyclewaysinmanybigcities.Wearinghigh-visibility(高能見度)clothingisanotherwaytoimproveyoursafetywhencyclingontheroads.Finally,cyclingcanalsobegoodfortheenvironment.Itcanhelpyoutoreduceyourcarbonfootprint(碳足跡).Notgivinggasesoutintotheairisbetterfortheplanetandyourownenvironment.So,whetherpeoplewanttocyclefortheirhealth,goingaroundtown,theirwallet,theenvironment,oracombination(結(jié)合)ofallofthem,thepopularityofcyclingisontherise.18．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplainareason.B．Toraiseaquestion.C．Togiveanexample.19．Whatisthemeaningof“wallet'shealth”inParagraph2?A．Cyclingsavesmoney.B．Cyclingwastesmoney.C．Cyclingkeepsyourwalletsafe.20．Whyiscyclinggoodfortheenvironment?A．Itburnsextrabodyfat.B．Itiseasytolockabicycle.C．Ithelpsreducecarbonfootprint.21．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Cyclingforphysicalhealth.B．Cyclingforsafetyontheroad.C．Thegrowingpopularityofcycling.【答案】18．B

19．A

20．C

21．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了騎自行車再次受到歡迎的現(xiàn)象以及原因。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Inrecenttimes,cyclinghasseenariseinpopularity,sothequestionis:whatmakesitsopopulartopeopletoridetheirbikesonceagain?”可知,第一段的目的是引出話題：為什么騎自行車如此受歡迎。故選B。19．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Bycycling,yousavemoneyinsteadofdrivingacarortakingabus.”可知,騎自行車可以省錢，因此“wallet’shealth”指的是“騎自行車很省錢”。故選A。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itcanhelpyoutoreduceyourcarbonfootprint.Notgivinggasesoutintotheairisbetterfortheplanetandyourownenvironment.”可知,騎自行車對(duì)環(huán)境有好處是因?yàn)橛兄跍p少碳足跡。故選C。21．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“whatmakesitsopopulartopeopletoridetheirbikesonceagain?”與最后一段“So,whetherpeoplewanttocyclefortheirhealth,goingaroundtown,theirwallet,theenvironment,oracombinationofallofthem,thepopularityofcyclingisontherise.”以及通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了騎自行車再次受到歡迎的現(xiàn)象以及原因。C選項(xiàng)“騎自行車越來越受歡迎?！狈现黝}。故選C。6、（2022·四川廣安·中考真題）Youmayknowabout“junkfood”likeFrenchfries.Butdoyouknowabout“junksleep”?Recently,aBritishsurvey（調(diào)查）showsthattherearemanyelectronicproductsinteenagers’bedrooms.Theyareinfluencingteenagers’sleepbadly.Thesurveywasdoneamong1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16.Itfoundthat50%ofthemgotjust4to7hours’sleepeveryday.Butdoctorssaytheyneed8to9hours.Almost25%ofthekidssaidtheyoftenfellasleepwhiletheywerewatchingTV,listeningtomusicorusingotherelectronicproducts.“Thisisveryworrying,”saidDr.Chris,aBritishprofessor（教授）.“Wecallit‘junksleep’.Itmeansyoudon’tgetenoughsleepandthequality（質(zhì)量）ofthesleepislow,too.Ifyoudon’tgetagoodrest,youwon’tdowellinschoolthenextday.”Thesurveyfoundthatquiteafewofthekidsfelttiredeachdaybecauseofthejunksleep,especiallygirlsbetween13and16feelingtheworst.Nearlyalltheteenagershaveaphone,MP5orTVintheirbedrooms.Andlotsofthemevenhaveallthethree.Dr.Chrissuggestedthatparentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronicproducts,andteenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts.22．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Junkfood. B．Junksleep.C．Electronicproducts. D．Theimportanceofsleep.23．Howmanyofthechildrensleeponly4to7hoursadayinthesurvey?A．200. B．250. C．500. D．1000.24．“Junkfood”and“junksleep”aresimilartoeachotherbecause________.A．theyarebothlowinquality B．theyarebothneededinourlifeC．theyarebothenjoyedatweekends D．theyarebothnecessaryforpeople’shealth25．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Teenagersof12to16onlyneed4to7hours’sleepeachday.B．Fewoftheteenagershaveelectronicproductsintheirbedrooms.C．Teenagersspendtoomuchtimeonelectronicproducts.D．Girlsbetween13and16spendtheleasttimeonelectronicproducts.26．Whichofthefollowingshouldbethebestwaytosolvetheproblem?A．Parentsmusttaketheelectronicproductsawayfromtheirchildren.B．Parentsstoptheteenagersfromusinganyelectronicproduct.C．Teenagersshoulddecidenottousetheelectronicproducts.D．Teenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts.【答案】22．B

23．C

24．A

25．C

26．D【導(dǎo)語】本文講述青少年床上的電子產(chǎn)品會(huì)影響到他們的睡眠，導(dǎo)致垃圾睡眠。22．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“junksleep”及“therearemanyelectronicproductsinteenagers’bedrooms.Theyareinfluencingteenagers’sleepbadly”，可知文章主要介紹了垃圾睡眠。故選B。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesurveywasdoneamong1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16.Itfoundthat50%ofthemgotjust4to7hours’sleepeveryday”可知，有1000個(gè)孩子參與調(diào)查，其中50%的孩子每天只睡4到7小時(shí)，可知只睡四到七個(gè)小時(shí)的人數(shù)是1000×50%=500人。故選C。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Wecallit‘junksleep’.Itmeansyoudon’tgetenoughsleepandthequalityofthesleepisbad,too”可知，垃圾睡眠指睡眠質(zhì)量不好，垃圾食品指的是質(zhì)量不好的食品，可推斷兩者質(zhì)量都不好。故選A。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronicproducts,andteenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts”父母應(yīng)該幫助孩子遠(yuǎn)離電子產(chǎn)品，青少年花費(fèi)在電子產(chǎn)品上的時(shí)間應(yīng)該更少?？芍嗌倌昊ㄙM(fèi)在電子產(chǎn)品上的時(shí)間太多了。故選C。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronicproducts,andteenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts”可知，電子產(chǎn)品影響青少年的睡眠，解決問題的最好的辦法是花更少的時(shí)間在電子產(chǎn)品上。故選D。7、（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真題）Inmyopinion,China’s“DoubleReduction”Policy（“雙減”政策）aimedateasing（減輕）education-relatedpressureonparentsandchildreniseffective.Nowtakemyhomeasanexampletoshowhowitworks.“Dad!Getup!Youpromisedtotakeustothezootoday!”mytwodaughtersshoutedtogetheronerecentSaturdaymorning.Theclockhadjuststruckseven,butourhousehadalreadygottennoisierthanthemonkeysinthezoo!Forfamilieswithchildren,weekendshavebecomeverydifferent.Inthepast,mywifeandIcouldatleastsleepin（睡懶覺）.Thenat9o’clock,wehadtowakeupthekids.Afterthrowingthemintoatutoringclass（輔導(dǎo)班）,wecouldenjoyseveralhourstoourselves.Butnow,theseclassesaregonealtogether.Kids,ofcourse,arehappyaboutthis.EveryTuesdayorWednesdayevening,mygirlswouldaskme,“WherearewegoingtospendthiscomingSaturday?”Luckily,therearestillsomeclassesforthemtoattend.OnSundays,mygirlsgotolearnballetandchess.Theyreallyenjoytheirtimethere.Myelderdaughterisoldenoughtoreadquietlyonherown.Onluckydays,wecangethertoreadtogetherwithhersister.Still,aquiet“competition”ison.Mygirlssometimestalkabouthowtheirclassmateshavespentanexcitingweekend.It’stheirwayofcomplainingaboutmylaziness.Weekendsaremoretiringnowforparents,butIthinktheyaregoodforkids.Afterall,childhoodshouldbemorethanjuststudyingschoolsubjects.Itshouldbemorecolorful.27．Whatistheaimofthe“DoubleReduction”Policy?A．Toeaseeducation-relatedpressureonparentsandchildren.B．Tomakeparentsstaywiththeirchildrenatweekends.C