Unit3FoodandCultureLearningaboutlanguage語(yǔ)法課件-高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性2

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

Thepresentperfecttense

&

Thepastperfecttense

Ihavewaitedhereforanhour.

Shehaswaitedhereforanhour.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have/has(not)+done

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的概念：1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響；Ihaveseenthefilmmanytimes，soIwon’tgowithyou.2.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。

Hehaslivedheresince1949.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,也就是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，故常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞，如recently,just,already,before,yet,never,ever等狀語(yǔ)連用eg.Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.Shehasalreadyknownthenews2.常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞需使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞for+一段時(shí)間

eg.Hehaslivedherefor5years.since+（表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的）時(shí)間點(diǎn)

eg.Hehasbeenheresince5yearsago.其他標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：如：sofar,uptonow,bynow,sincethen,thesedays,inthelast/pastfewdays/years現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：3.句型

This/Itisthefirst/second/...time(that)...也常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：Thisisthethirdtimethathehasdrivenacar.

過(guò)去完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（V.pp)用法：1.過(guò)去完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)作之前時(shí)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)：在強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作前常常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。1.他說(shuō)他以前見過(guò)你。Hesaidthathe______________(see)youbefore.hadseen2.到六點(diǎn)鐘為止他們已經(jīng)工作八小時(shí)了。Bysixo’clockthey______________(work)foreighthours.hadworked過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成：1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：a)一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后面加ed

work------workedplay--------playedb)以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d

use------used

refuse------refusedc)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y改i再加edstudy-----studiedcarry-----carriedd)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，前面有單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)，雙寫輔音字母，再加edstop----stoppeddrop-------dropped2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：由助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（V.pp)2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)詞可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，這一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)或?qū)⒗^續(xù)下去。Bysixo’clockthey____________(work)foreighthours.WhenIcametoGZ,he_____________(be)thereforalongtime.用法：1.到了六點(diǎn)鐘為止，他們已經(jīng)工作了八小時(shí)了。2.我到廣州時(shí)，他在那里很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。hadworkedhadbeen3.到上個(gè)月中旬我們?cè)诒本┳×擞形迥陼r(shí)間了。Bythemiddleoflastmonthwe______________(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.hadlived1.到昨晚上，他已寫完那封信。Byyesterdayeveninghe___________(write)thatletter.2.他說(shuō)他以前見過(guò)你。Hesaidthathe____________(see)youbefore.3.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，他已做完了作業(yè)。WhenIcameinhe________________(finish)hishomework.過(guò)去完成時(shí)與bythen(截止到那時(shí));by9o’clock(直到九點(diǎn)鐘)bytheendof…(在…結(jié)束/末之前);bythetime…(在…時(shí)之前);uptillthen(直到那時(shí));upuntillastnight(直到昨晚）等連用，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。hadwrittenhadseenhadfinished3.過(guò)去完成時(shí)和already,just,ever,yet等連用表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。用法：例如：1.他告訴我說(shuō)他們隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏了。Hetoldmethathisteam_________already___________(win).hadwon2.她說(shuō)她仍沒去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。Shesaidthatshe_______________(notbeto)theGreatWallyet.hadn’tbeento用法：過(guò)去完成時(shí)與when,before,assoonas,

till/until

等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的從句連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間前后。例如：1.她到家之前她的孩子已經(jīng)睡著了。Whenshegothomeherchildren____________(sleep).hadslept2.在他們到達(dá)之前電影已經(jīng)開始了。Beforetheyarrivedherethefilm_________already___________(start).hadstartedLastnight,assoonasI_______________(finish)myworkIwenttosleep.3.我完成作業(yè)了就去睡覺了。hadfinished句型

This/Itwasthefirst/second/...time(that)...常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用

用法：Itwasthefirsttimethatshe

______

(live)independently.hadlivedExercises1.Afterhe______________(finish)hisworkhewentout.hadfinished2.Thechildrenranawayafterthey___________(break)thewindow.hadbroken3.IwenttoTom’shousebuthe__________(go)out.hadgoneExercises:hadgone5.Myfriend__________(buy)thecartwoyearsago.He________________(buy)itfortwoyears.boughthashad6、hadleft

7、hadfinished

8、hadstudied

9、hasbeen

10、hasrisen11、hadn'tseen

12、hadgone

13、havebeen14、havebeenbuilt15、didn’tread1.WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismother____already____tohospital.

Ahas;beensent

Bhad;sent

Chas;sent

Dhad;beensent2.We____fiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.

Ahadlearned

B

learned

Chavelearned

Dwillhavelearned3.Billytoldmeshe_____lunch,soshewasveryhungry.

Ahashad

Bhasn'thave

Chavehad

Dhadn'thad4.Bytheendof1976,manybuildings_____builtinthecity.

Ahavebeen

Bhave

Chadbeen

Dwill