2025屆新高考英語專題突破復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解解題技巧

2025屆新高考英語專題突破復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解解題技巧新高考的閱讀理解一般有4篇文章，分值逐漸增加，難度逐級增加，文體類型也變得越來越豐富，下面簡單分析一下文體類型。第一篇是應(yīng)用文，共3題目7.5分，主要介紹旅游景點(diǎn)、推薦讀物、課程，價(jià)格比較、電影推薦等，一般考察細(xì)節(jié)理解題，相對簡單，仔細(xì)閱讀從文章中都能找到答案。第二篇是記敘文，共4題10分，一般會我們講一個(gè)勵志的小故事，考察內(nèi)容太多了，重點(diǎn)題型有細(xì)節(jié)理解題、判斷推理題、主旨大意題等。第三篇是說明文，共4題10分，主要是一些科普知識，如健康、新冠肺炎、低碳生活等，題型就包括詞義猜測題、態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題、寫作意圖題、判斷推理題，難度就大了，需要我們自己深刻的認(rèn)識和理解，要有一定的推斷分析能力。第四篇是說明文，議論文，共4題10分，和當(dāng)前最新的科普前言、國內(nèi)外大事、新興事物相關(guān)。題目難度不一定最難，但如果你對文章中出現(xiàn)的新鮮事物一無所知就麻煩了，也就是說平時(shí)我們要“家事國事天下事，事事關(guān)心”，否則就慘了。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解（最多）——關(guān)鍵詞匹配，對比(2)主旨大意（topic;mainlyabout;besttitle...）(3)推理判斷（多）（infer;imply;suggest表明;from...,welearnthat...)(4)詞義猜測1——上下文邏輯對比推測；注意and、but并列關(guān)系；構(gòu)詞法等題目類型：細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、主旨大意題、寫作意圖題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題考查內(nèi)容主要是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等細(xì)節(jié)，也就是我們初中時(shí)說的6個(gè)W問題。這類題目的共同特點(diǎn)是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當(dāng)然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句。細(xì)節(jié)理解：分為直接理解題和間接理解題，前者常用who,what,which,when,where,why和how提問。后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換，表達(dá)上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有：Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Allthefollowingarementionedexcept.....？Whichofthefollowingismentioned(notmentioned)?Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/right/false/wrongabout…?（選項(xiàng)定位）解題技巧一、關(guān)鍵詞快速匹配1.題干劃關(guān)鍵詞（特殊疑問詞；人名/地名等；時(shí)間/數(shù)字/比較級最高級等——易查找）2.文中定位關(guān)鍵詞（句子/段落，一般不跨段）3.對比選項(xiàng)與關(guān)鍵詞（原文復(fù)現(xiàn)；同義替換！！信息整合—原文精簡句）l干擾項(xiàng)——（1）無中生有（切忌主觀臆斷）（2）與原文相反（is變is

not；expensive—cheap…）（3）半對半錯

（有錯就排除）（4）偷換概念

（如AdoB變?yōu)镃

（5）過于絕對的選項(xiàng)—must/all/only...AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.例題演練：1.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?

A.Call131617.

B.Visit.au.C.Askatthelocalstation.

D.Checkthetrainschedule.Lostproperty（失物招領(lǐng)）CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated（位于）atRomaStreetstation.

Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?Altandi.

B.RomaStreet.

C.VarsityLakes.

D.FortitudeValley.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A.6:42pm.

B.7:29pm.

C.8:57pm.

D.11:02pm.DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsityLakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsityLakes8:52pm8:57pmFortitudeValleyVarsityLakes9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsityLakes12:22am解題技巧二、注意同義替換LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.3.Whatwillhappenifyou

submit

anessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero.

B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest.

D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.Whichtourdoyouneedto

bookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.解題技巧三、數(shù)字計(jì)算題——看清題目，列數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算公式（注意人數(shù)、價(jià)格、折扣等）What'sthechargeforacouplewiththeir5-year-oldboyiftheystayinLing'sMeadowforsevennights?A．￡210.

B．￡168.

C．￡126.

D．￡100.8.Ling'sMeadowThiscampsiteonafamily-runfarmoffersarealescape,withplentifulanimalstospot.Withamaximumof25peopleonthesiteatonetime,everythingcentresaroundnature:wastewaterisrecycledonthefarm.Camping￡12/￡6anightforadult/child,under-3sfree,20%off

staysofsevennightsorlonger.解題技巧五、零散信息題——整合歸納分析（對于離散的細(xì)節(jié)理解，先找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，再分析整合）例題演練：【2018·全國Ⅰ.C片段】

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.

Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.

Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelost,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.

Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

◆Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.

About6,800.

B.

About3,400.

C.

About2,400.

D.

About1,200.

【解題點(diǎn)津】1.在出現(xiàn)一些關(guān)鍵詞，如however，but，moreover,therefore，thus時(shí)，要特別注意句子前后意義的轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果等關(guān)系。2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題的答案可能是原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。3.

注意選項(xiàng)中的副詞、形容詞和介詞短語等與原文是否一致。如:must,may,often，should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never,few等存在程度不同，經(jīng)常被偷換,往往被忽視。4.

注意干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：與原文內(nèi)容相反；與原文內(nèi)容一半相符，一半不同;敘述過于絕對化；原文沒有提及。（2）主旨大意題一、考查形式：（1）文章大意

（2）段落大意（3）最佳標(biāo)題

方法：（1）首尾段/段落首句(report/studyshowed...（2）高頻詞

（3）選項(xiàng)逆代入分析法l主旨題干擾項(xiàng)：（1）以偏概全——文章中的一小部分

（2）范圍擴(kuò)大——主題超出了文章要討論的范圍（鵝鵝鵝→家禽）

（3）無中生有——出現(xiàn)與文章不相干內(nèi)容

常見類型1.歸納標(biāo)題題。特點(diǎn)：短小精悍，一般多為一個(gè)短語；涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般能覆蓋全文意思；精確性強(qiáng)，表達(dá)范圍要恰當(dāng)，不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有：What’sthebesttitleforthetext?Thebesttitleforthispassageis___.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebest/suitabletitleforthepassage?2.概括大意題。包括尋找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（mainidea）。常見命題形式有：Whatisthegeneral/mainideaofthepassage？

Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea？

Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?What’sthearticlemainlyabout

？Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat_____.

文章大意解題方法l細(xì)節(jié)推理題1.信息定位——跳讀，找到原文相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)；2.字面理解——細(xì)讀，理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義3.深層理解——分析推理，在理解字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意4.通常含有infer,suggest,imply，conclude，intend等標(biāo)志性詞語推理判斷常見命題形式有：

Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat__________.

Theauthorimplies/suggeststhat_____.

Wemayinferthat_________.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutNOTstated?

例題演練：AnewreportfromtheInternationalBarAssociation(IBA)suggestsmachineswillmostlikelyreplacehumansinagrowingnumberofoccupations.Oneoftheauthorsofthereport,GerlindWisskirchen,believesthatgovernmentsneedtointroducehumanquotas(配額)insomesectorsinordertoprotectjobs.1．WhatmessagedoesthenewreportfromtheIBAsend?

A．Morejobswillbeofferedtohumans.

B．Somedayhumanswon’tneedtowork.

C．MorejobswillbecreatedbecauseofAI.D．Somedayrobotswilltakeoveryourjob人物性格，品質(zhì)humorous幽默的

generous慷慨大方的

considerate考慮周到/體貼的

ambitious雄心壯志的

optimistic積極樂觀的

pessimistic/passive消極的friendly友好的

productive多產(chǎn)的

cautious謹(jǐn)慎的

creative有創(chuàng)造力的

dedicated

有奉獻(xiàn)精神的

determined有決心的

caring關(guān)心人的/有同情心的

knowledgeable知識淵博的

demanding高要求的

stubborn固執(zhí)的

patient耐心的

good-tempered好脾氣的

far-sighted有遠(yuǎn)見的

low-key低調(diào)的

aggressive有進(jìn)取心的

cooperative有合作精神的

well-educated受高等教育的

punctual守時(shí)的

sympathetic有同情心的l觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題①表示支持或肯定positive積極樂觀的；supportive支持的；optimistic樂觀的；approving贊成的;favorable贊成hopefulpromising有前途的，有希望的②表示客觀、中立indifferent漠不關(guān)心的；objective客觀的；neutral中立的；ambiguous模棱兩可的；unclear不清楚③表示反對或否定critical批評的；negative否定的，消極的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不贊成的；doubtful懷疑的；opposed反對的；

ironic

諷刺的④擔(dān)心：worriedconcerned

常見命題形式：Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards…?Whatistheauthor’sopinionon…?Theauthor’stoneinthispassageis_____.【解題點(diǎn)津】1.

要先判斷題目考查的是作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度還是文中人物的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。2.

注意切勿用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)。3.

注意文中描寫環(huán)境以及表達(dá)感情色彩、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的詞語或句子，利用它們來推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。4.

文中人物的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)在該人物的話語中。Ithinkofmediacharactersasanadd-ontoalreadybusyminds,bycarefullymonitoringwhogetsinvitedintoourlives,theybecomepartoftheparentingteam.Theyteachloyaltyadventure,curiosity--lessonsI'mtryingtoconvey,butinamuchcoolerwaythanIcan.1.What'stheauthor’sattitudetothemediacharactersinparentingchildren?

AIndifferent.

B.Critical.

C.Supportive.

D.Disapproving.

文章出處題一般情況下，介紹某產(chǎn)品性能——廣告(advertisement)；介紹某人生平事跡——傳記(biography傳記)：介紹淺顯的科學(xué)知識的文章——教材(textbook)或雜志；介紹某處名勝或景點(diǎn)——旅游雜志、休閑雜志;geography地理/biology生物textbook

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art/sciencemagazine藝術(shù)、科學(xué)雜志newsreport新聞報(bào)道bookreview書評guidebrochure指導(dǎo)手冊travelbrochure旅游手冊novel/sciencefiction小說、科幻小說常見命題形式有：Thepassageisprobablytakeoutof_____Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_____Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?含有網(wǎng)址或click等字眼的文章可能出自網(wǎng)站；含有experiment,research等詞的文章可能來自科學(xué)報(bào)告或研究論文；科學(xué)雜志；含有admission,routes等詞的文章可能來自旅行指南；含有food,health等詞的文章可能來自健康雜志或報(bào)紙的健康板塊。Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物測量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice

thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（節(jié)奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.1.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.

B.Aguidebook

C.Anovel.

D.Amagazinebringin/introducethetopicattract/drawthereader’sinterest/attention預(yù)測推理判斷題。最后一段推測根據(jù)語篇對文章接下來的內(nèi)容或可能的結(jié)局進(jìn)行猜測，常見命題形式有：Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenif/when…?Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_____（4）詞義猜測題（1）熟詞生義（2）“靈活”的常用詞增多,必須根據(jù)具體的上下文語境才能正確理解（3）根據(jù)定義，釋義猜詞義：破折號，冒號，同位語從句，定語從句，namely,called,thatistosay,suchas,forexample,like等（4）超綱生詞(embarkon,declutter...)5.根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義。but,however,