小作文-曲線圖

小作文-曲線圖IELTSWRITING小作文-曲線圖TaskILinechart

IELTSWRITING評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（1）任務(wù)完成情況：趨勢描寫，數(shù)據(jù)支持，不要畫蛇添足（2）關(guān)聯(lián)詞大量而準(zhǔn)確地使用（連貫）（3）詞匯（4）句子結(jié)構(gòu)

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把圖表中主要信息轉(zhuǎn)化為文字信息，并且組織成文章。曲線有何規(guī)律特征？根據(jù)曲線特征，其大致可以分成幾大段以便寫作描述？峰值、谷值各自多少？對應(yīng)的月份又是什么？曲線變動過程中有無出現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)？

IELTSWRITING首段首句Thisgraphshowsthe<數(shù)據(jù)形式>of<對象>in<地點(diǎn)><時間>.二句有可能的話總結(jié)總體趨勢中間段趨勢描寫，數(shù)據(jù)支持，有必要時寫出最高點(diǎn)/最低點(diǎn)末段重申最重要的趨勢

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Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).

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首段–

首句graph->figure,linegraphShow->indicate,unfold,display,reveal,reflect,relate,illustrate,provideanoverviewof…

首段常用句型:1.Thetable/chart/diagram/graphshows(that)...2.Thefigures/statisticsshow(that)...3.Thediagramshows/describes/illustrateshow...4.Accordingto/As(is)showninthe/Ascanbeseenfromthetable/chart,diagram,graph,figures5.Itcanbeseen/observedfromthe/wecanseefromthe…6.Itisclear/apparentfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures(that)...

首段–

首句

Theabovefigureindicatestheamountoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinabetween1960and1990.首段–

首句

請寫出本圖的第一句話：

Thisgraphshowsthenumberoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinaduring3decadesfrom1960to1990.首段–

首句首段–

二句Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).首段–

二句連接詞：1.Accordingtothefigure,…2.Itisclearthat…,Itcanbe(clearly)seenthat…,3.From…itcanbe(safely)concludedthat…4.Oneofthemostsurprising/interestingfindswas…5.Comparewith…

如何表達(dá)總體趨勢a).Theoveralltrend//generaltrend(主語)+indicates+從句b).Theoveralltrend//generaltrend(主語)+indicates+N.c).Therebe+anoverall+某種趨勢

Itcanbeseenthattherewasanincreasingtrendfrom1960to1990.However,thereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears.首段–

二句首段–

二句Itcanbeseenthattherewasanincreasingtrendfrom1960to1990.However,thereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears.Accordingtothefigure,althoughthereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears,thereexistsindeedanincreasingtrend.Theoveralltrendwastoindicatetheincreasinglygrowingnumber,althoughthereexistssomefluctuationsintheearlieryears.

時態(tài)：首句一般現(xiàn)在時，其他一般過去時。*如果圖表是對將來情況的預(yù)測，全部用一般現(xiàn)在時。首段–

二句主體段Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).五種描述趨勢的句式

a)Therebe句型:“變化名詞”作主語+IN+被描述對象

e.g.Therewasanincrease/decreaseinthenumberof…b)“描述對象”做主語

e.g.Therewereincreasinglymoreteachers.c)縱坐標(biāo)作主語(一般為被描述對象)+變化<動詞>+其他

e.g.Thenumber(percentage)of…wentup(wentdown)…

d)橫坐標(biāo)作主語(一般為時間)+“經(jīng)歷”

+“變化<名詞>”+IN被描述對象+地點(diǎn)*表示經(jīng)歷:saw//witnessed//experiencede)地點(diǎn)作主語+“經(jīng)歷”

+“變化<名詞>”+IN被描述對象+時間連接手段Then/fromthistimeonwards/fromthenon

Therewasarise.Thenthenumberwentdown...2.After/before

Therewasarise,beforethenumberwentdown.Afterarise,therewasadecrease,beforethenumberremainedstable.3.…whichwasfollowedby/whichledto/whichprecededanincrease/decreaseTherewasarise,whichwasfollowedbyadecrease.4.上一句最后時間詞，when...Therewasariseinthenumberofteachersfrom__in__to__in__,whenthenumberwentdown.5.Again（第二次以后的上升/下降）

Therewasarise.Again,thenumberwentdown.6.However...then...（上升和下降之間）

Therewasarise.However,thenumberthenwentdown.

其他關(guān)聯(lián)詞：類比、對比、句子銜接

However/compareto/incontrast//similarly/conversely//whileSimilarly/likewiseAsto/intermof/asfor

連接手段數(shù)據(jù)的表達(dá)方式From數(shù)據(jù)in年份to數(shù)據(jù)in年份Peakat數(shù)據(jù)bottomat數(shù)據(jù)Therewere數(shù)據(jù)Decreaseto數(shù)據(jù)/increaseuptoabout數(shù)據(jù)趨勢with數(shù)據(jù)Whichwasabout數(shù)據(jù)主體段Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990).主體段分項(xiàng)描寫信息：Accordingtothefigure,therewasasharpdecreaseinthenumberofteachersfromfivemillionsin1960tothreemillionsin1962,whichwasfollowedbyarapidincreaseoverthenexttwoyears.Thenumberdroppedagainfromalmostsixmillionsin1964tofivemillionin1966andthenwentupgraduallyuntil1976when

therewasalevelingoffateightmillionsforthenexttenyears.Theyearsfrom1986to1990sawasteadyriseinthenumberofteachers.不要進(jìn)行主觀描述不要分析原因不要找本質(zhì)重述總體特征

Inconclusion,moreteacherswereinChineseregularschoolsinthe1990sthan30yearsbefore.

末段CompleteExleThisgraphshowsthenumberoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinabetween1960and1990.Itcanbeseenthattherewasanincreasingtrendfrom1960to1990.However,thereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears.Accordingtothefigure,therewasasharpdecreaseinthenumberofteachersfromfivemillionin1960tothreemillionin1962,whichwasfollowedbyarapidincreaseoverthenexttwoyears.Thenumberdroppedagainfromalmostsixmillionin1964tofivemillionin1966andthenwentupgraduallyuntil1976whentherewasalevelingoffateightmillionforthenexttenyears.Theyearsfrom1986to1990sawasteadyriseinthenumberofteachers.Inconclusion,moreteacherswereinChineseregularschoolsinthe1990sthan30yearsbefore.說明趨勢：

trend,momentum.2.描述增加、波動、減少和反轉(zhuǎn)：

gain,pickup,increase,rise,surge,jump,goup,

decrease,fall,drop,decline,slowdown；

leveloffat/leveloutat;maintain,

fluctuate,fluctuation,reverse

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描述變化程度：

dramatically,suddenly,significantly,sharply,steeply,rapidly,moderately,gradually,steadily,slightly,slowly,表示高、底：

peakat/of…peakingat…;reachthebottom/botttomoutat…

5.表示數(shù)據(jù)一般：

have10%;at10%;over10%

最高（低）點(diǎn)：

peaked;reachedapeak/high(point)

bottomedout;reachedthebottom

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6.表示程度：

almostadv.幾乎，差不/nearlyadv.幾乎，密切地

approximatelyadv.近似的，大約

aboutadv.附近，大約，轉(zhuǎn)向，左右，周圍

justover剛超過/overadv.結(jié)束，越過，從頭到尾

exactlyadv.正確地，嚴(yán)密地

preciselyadv.正好精確地；清晰地表示范圍：

from…to…between…and…for…to…多長時間直到8.比例：

20percent20%oneinthree1/3oneoutofeveryfour1/4

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Time

This1

2showsthe3inthenumberofpeopleatLondonUndergroundstationoverthecourseofaday.Thebusiesttimeofthedaycomesinthemorning.Thereisa4

5between06:00and08:00,with400peopleusingthestationat8o’clock.Afterthisnumber6tolessthan200at10o’clock.Between11:00and14:00thenumber7

8toexactly300peopleusingthestation.Time

From2pmonwards,thenumbers9,withlessthan100usingthestationat4pm.Thereisthena

10

11toapeakat380at6pm.After7pm,thenumbers12

13withonlya14increaseagainat8pm,tailingoffafter9pm.Overall,thegraphshowsthatthestationismostcrowdedintheearlymorningwhenmostpeoplearetravellingtoworkandearlyeveningperiodswheneveryoneiscominghome.

ThelinegraphshowsestimatedsalesofgoldinDubaifor12monthsin2002inmillionsofdirhams.Thereweretwomainseasonsforgoldsales.ThemainseasonforsalesisintheDecembertoMayperiod.Saleswereconsistentlyabove200milliondirhamspermonth,risingsharplytoapeakof350milliondirhamsinMarch.However,forthenextfourmonths,salesdeclinedsteadily,reachinganannuallowof120milliondirhamsinJuly.InAugust,therewasasuddenincrease.Salesalmostdoubled,risingfrom120milliondirhamsinJulyto210milliondirhamsinAugust.ThiswasfollowedbyadropinSeptember,backtotheJulyfigure.FromSeptembertoOctober,salesrecovered,from120to180million.InOctoberandNovember,salesremainedsteady,andtherewasasmallincreaseinDecemberto190milliondirhams.

Inconclusion,themainsalesperiodisintheearlypartoftheyear,slumpinginthesummer,exceptforasuddenincreaseinAugust.每一類圖有其自己最想要表達(dá)的地方突出重點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)的重點(diǎn)突出和非重點(diǎn)處理1)Ascanbeseenfromthechart…2)Itisclearfromthegraphthat…3)Thediagramshows…h(huán)owever,/incontrast,/onthecontrary/Comparedwith…contraryto…3)個性化的表達(dá)客觀寫作Keypoints對比特征或數(shù)據(jù)

IELTSWRITING雙曲線寫法：首段—與寫一條曲線方法相同中間段落—分別描寫兩條曲線末段—寫兩條曲線的共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)Thegraphbelowshowsradioandtelevisionaudiencesthroughoutthedayin1992.RadioandtelevisionaudiencesintheUK,October-December1992.兩條曲線

Thegraphshowsthepercentageofaudiencesover4yearsoldofUKfollowstheradioandtelevisionthroughoutthedayduringtheperiodOctober-December1992.(第一句)

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Fromthegraph,wecanseeclearlythatintheearlymorning,at6am,fewpeoplewatchTV.However,fromthistimeonwards,thenumberofTVaudienceisontherise.Atnoon,thepeoplewatchingTVaccountforabout8%ofthetotalpopulation.Intheperiodbetween12:00and2:00p.m.,theTVaudienceexperiencesasharpincreasefrom8%toapproximately18%.

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From2:00p.m.to4:00p.m.,thefigureremainsconstantatabout18%,thenballoonstothepeakoftheday,reachingapproximately50%.ThenumberofTVaudiencesdropsdramaticallyfrom10p.m.tillitreachesitsbottomat3p.m.

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Ontheotherhand,thereisasharpincreaseinradioaudiencefrom6.a.mto9a.m.,peakingatabout28%at8:30a.m.However,fromthispointonwards,itdeclinesgraduallyfortherestoftheday,bottomingoutat4:00a.m.thenextday.

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Inbrief,thenumberofTVandradioaudiencesvariesaccordingtodifferentphasesoftimeprobablyduetothedifferentfeaturesofthesetwomedia.

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ThegraphbelowcomparesthenumberofvisitstotwonewmusicsitesonthewebThegraphillustratespeopleusingnewmusicplacesontheInternetinfifteendaysperiodoftime.Theoveralltrendshowsfluctuationwithslightincreasetowardstheendoftheperiod.Fromthegraph,wecanseeclearlythat40,000peoplegoontoMusicChoicewebsiteonfirst-day,andhalfofthembackoutthenextday.Whileonthethirdday,theMusicChoicelovers’numberarenearlythreetimesofthatonthesecond.InContrast,PopParadewebsiteisvisitedby120,000musicloversonthefirstday,andthenumberdecreasesslightlyonnextdaythereafterregainingthesameonthe3rdday.After3rddaytheenthusiasmforbothmusiclinesonInternetdropsslowly-reachingmaximumfallof20,000on7thday.WhereasMusicchoicegainspopularity,slightlyimprovingtogetthestrengthof30,000viewers,butisgettingstilllessvisitorsthanitsopponentPopgroup(40,000)onday7.

Sincethebeginningofnextweek,bothmusiclineshavegainedremarkablerecoveryafterafewfluctuations.With50,000visitorsonthe8thday,thepopParadeloversreachthepeaksofoneandahalfthousandnewviewerson11thday.However,thenumberofMusicChoiceloversarrivesatnearlythebottomonthesamedaywith20,000visitors.Andafterthat,MusicChoicegainsanrapidly-increasingpopularityon12thdaywith120,000newwebvisitors.

Duringtheendoftheperiod,thenumberofPopsiteviewershasaconsiderableincrease,comingtothetopof180,000onthe14thday,whereasthenumberofMusicChoicevisitorsisdecreasinggenerally,withlessthan80,000explorersonthelast.

Inbrief,bycomparingthenumberofvisitstotwonewmusicsitesontheweb,thisgraphshowsindividuals’personalchoicesforthetrendypopmusic.圖表開頭5分表達(dá)Thechartdepicts（that）…該圖呈現(xiàn)出…Thechartshows（that）…Thefigures/statisticsshow（that）Thediagramreveals…

Thechartillustrates（that）…

圖表開頭6分表達(dá)Thegraphprovidessomeinterestingdataregarding…該圖為我們提供了有關(guān)…有趣數(shù)據(jù)Thegraphdescribesthetrendof…這個圖描述了…的趨勢Asisshown/demonstrated/exhibitedinthechart/diagram/chart/table…如圖所示Accordingtothechart…根據(jù)這些表格…Asisshowninthetable…如圖所示…

圖表開頭6分表達(dá)ThistableshowsthechangingproportionofAandBfrom…to…該表格描述了…年到…年之間A與B的比例關(guān)系。Thisgraph,presentedinthechart，showsthegeneraltrendin…該圖呈現(xiàn)了…總的趨勢。Ascanbeseenfromthegraph，thetwographsshowthefluctuationof…如圖所示，兩條曲線描述了…的波動情況。

高分表達(dá)：Fromthetable/chart/diagram/figure，wecanseeclearlythat…從圖表中我們可以很清楚的看到…

Thechartshowsthechangesinthenumberof…overtheperiodfrom…to…該表格描述了在…年到…年之間…數(shù)量的變化。雙曲線寫法：首段—與寫一條曲線方法相同中間段落—分別描寫兩條曲線末段—寫兩條曲線的共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)Thegraphbelowshowstheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverbetween1940and2040inthreedifferentcountries.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.方法1出現(xiàn)“提供信息”的字眼：Thechart(orgraph)provides/presentsinformation(ordata)about…方法2出現(xiàn)“show/illustrate+n”:Thechart

showsthechangesin…

方法3出現(xiàn)“compare+n”:Thechart

compares…圖標(biāo)作文怎樣改寫首段?方法1出現(xiàn)“提供信息”的字眼：Thechart(orgraph)provides/presentsinformation(ordata)about…方法2出現(xiàn)“show/illustrate+n”:Thechart

showsthechangesin…

方法3出現(xiàn)“compare+n”:Thechart

compares…圖標(biāo)作文怎樣改寫首段?方法4出現(xiàn)以“how”引導(dǎo)賓語從句：Thechart(orgraph)shows/illustrateshow…changed(orvaried)…方法5出現(xiàn)以“that”引導(dǎo)賓語從句，可能將總體趨勢粗略描述一下:Thechart(orgraph)shows/reveals/indicates/suggeststhat…圖標(biāo)作文怎樣改寫首段?

Thethreecurvesgiveninthelinegraphshowusthepercentageoftheagedpeople65andaboveinJapan,SwedenandUSAfrom1940to2040.

首段

ThelinegraphshowstheproportionofpeopleinJapan,Sweden,andUSAaged65andoverfrom1940andtheexpectedproportionsupto2040.

首段方法1分段描述，以不同時間為段,對比三條曲線方法2找相似的2條圖為一組描述，其余的單獨(dú)描述方法3分別描述三條圖三線圖主體部分的寫法正文段：方法一In1940theproportionofpeopleaged65ormorestoodatonly5%inJapan,approximately7%inSwedenand9%intheUS.However,whilethefiguresfortheWesterncountriesgrewtoabout15%inaround1990,thefigureforJapandippedtoonly2.5%formuchofthisperiod,beforerisingtoalmost5%againatthepresenttime.Inspiteofsomefluctuationintheexpectedpercentages,theproportionofolderpeoplewillprobablycontinuetoincreaseinthenexttwodecadesinthethreecountries.Amoredramaticriseispredictedbetween2030and2040inJapan,bywhichtimeitisthoughtthattheproportionofelderlypeoplewillbesimilarinthethreecountries正文段：方法一正文段：方法二

Sweden&USAFrom1940to1990,theproportionsofpeopleaged65+intheUSAandSwedenweresimilarandfollowedthesametrend.In1940thefigureswere9%and7%respectively,risingto15%and14%respectivelyin1980,beforedippingto14%and13%respectivelyin1990.Thereafter,American'sproportionleveledoutandisforecastedtoremainat14%until2020,afterwhichitisexpectedto23%in2040.正文段：方法二

However,Sweden'sproportionofpeopleaged65begantoriseafter1990.Thisincreaseisforecastedtocontinueuntil2010whentheproportionisestimatedtobe20%.Then,thereisexpectedtobeaslightdropto18%in2030,followedbyasteepclimbto25%in2040正文段：方法二

JapanThesituationinJapandiffersconsiderably,withafallinthepercentageofpeopleaged65between1940(5%)and1960(3%).Thepercentageremainedsteadyuntil1985,thenitbagantoclimb.Theriseisprojectedtocontinueuntilaround2030,whentheproportionisforecastedtorisedramaticallyto25%,withalessdramaticriseto27%in2040Inbrief,theoveralltrendisariseintheproportionofpeopleaged65inthethreecountriesbetween1940and2040.結(jié)尾段同義替換show=indicate/reveal/demonstrate/describe/illustratebeexceptedto=bepredicted/supposed/forecast/estimated/projectedthenumber=figure/percentage/proportion/data

ThegraphbelowshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinaEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.

分組描述:增長的Chicken

減少的Beef/Lamb

平穩(wěn)的FishThegraphshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinan

Europeancountrybetween1979and2004.Thegraphillustrateschangesintheamountsofbeef,lamb,chickenandfishconsumedinaparticularEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.

In1979beefwasbyfarthemostpopular

ofthesefoods,withabout225gramsconsumedperpersonperweek.

Lambandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities(around150grams),whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams).

However,duringthis25-yearperiodtheconsumptionofbeefandlambfelldramaticallytoapproximately100gramsand55gramsrespectively.

Theconsumptionoffishalsodeclined,butmuchlesssignificantlytojustbelow50grams,soalthoughitremainedtheleastpopularfood,consumptionlevelswerethemoststable.Theconsumptionofchicken,ontheotherhand,showedanupwardtrend,overtakingthatoflambin1980andthatofbeefin1989.By2004ithadsoaredtoalmost250gramsperpersonperweek.overtake=exceed/outweigh/outnumber/morethan

Overall,thegraphshowshowtheconsumptionofchickenincreaseddramaticallywhilethepopularityoftheseotherfoodsdecreasedovertheperiod.表增加increase/rise/raise/growup/幅度小climb幅度大jump/boom/soar/rocket/表下降

fall/decrease/decline/drop幅度大slump圖表作文的時態(tài)一般過去時（數(shù)據(jù)一般是以往的統(tǒng)計）E.g.Inthe2002survey,over75%ofrespondentswithannualincomesabove$100,000consideredleisuretimeextremelyimportant.

圖表作文的時態(tài)過去完成時（出現(xiàn)“by+時間”）E.g.Thedivorceratehaddroppedto5%bytheyear1999.圖表作文的時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時（圖表里沒有出現(xiàn)任何過往的年度，或未顯示這是過去的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)）E.g.Britainisresponsiblefor3%oftheworld’scarbondioxidesemissions.圖表作文的時態(tài)預(yù)測將來（避免使用“will”,這樣的語氣過分肯定，可用“belikelyto,beprojected/expectedto”）E.g.Theprojectionisthatthenumberofpeoplecommittingviolentcrimeislikelytorisebytheendof2007.怎樣避免“數(shù)據(jù)太多，記流水賬式描述”？突出文字信息可以避免枯燥的閱讀數(shù)據(jù)E.g.

TheaverageUSfamilyhad4.5peoplein1915,3.3in1967and2.6in2006.AveragefamilysizeintheUSshrank,from3.3peoplein1967to2.6peoplein2006,

comparedto4.5peoplein1915.怎樣避免“數(shù)據(jù)太多，記流水賬式描述”？Nonmetropolitancountieshadapropertycrimerateof1,250per100,000people,andmetropolitancountiesexperiencedarateof2,529offensesper100,000inhabitants.Thepropertycrimerateinnonmetropolitancountieswasrelativelylow,1,250per100,000people,lessthanhalftherateinmetropolitancounties(2,259offensesper100,000inhabitants)引用數(shù)據(jù)可否用括號和定語從句？

引用數(shù)據(jù)可以用括號，不需要引用定語從句，直接引用即可。E.g.Lambwasconsumedinalowerquantity,whichwasaround50grams.Lambwasconsumedinalowerquantity,around50grams.引用數(shù)據(jù)可否用括號和定語從句？

引用數(shù)據(jù)可以用括號，不需要引用定語從句，直接引用即可。E.g.NorthAmericahadalowerproportionofdegradedland,whichwasonly5%.NorthAmericahadalowerproportionofdegradedland,atonly5%.引用數(shù)據(jù)時介詞的選用

by“強(qiáng)調(diào)增加或減少的幅度”E.g.Thispercentagegraduallydeclinesby10-20%everydecade.

to常跟增加減少后的最終數(shù)值E.g.TherewasadramaticdecreaseinthepreferenceforAmericanmoviesfromalmost2400visitorsin1996to1400visitorsin1998.However,thenumberofvisitorstoAmericanfilmshadbouncedbackto2200in2001.引用數(shù)據(jù)時介詞的選用With+數(shù)據(jù)句子的主語不可以是“number,proportion,amount”

這類詞E.g.In1994，Americanfilmswasbyfarthemostpopularofthesethreefilms,withabout2000visitors.At用于某個動詞后面

e.g.In1994thenumberofvisitorsstoodat2400

for

Americanfilms,approximately1000fordomesticmoviesand500for

Asianfilms.bottom/peakat引用數(shù)據(jù)時介詞的選用句子的主語是number,proportion,amount,figure一類的詞E.g.Thenumberofvisitors

for

Americanfilms

wasbiggestin1996,at2400.圖表作文的分類動態(tài)圖出現(xiàn)超過一個時間（年代、月份）的數(shù)據(jù)；動態(tài)圖強(qiáng)調(diào)每個對象的趨勢靜態(tài)圖沒有出現(xiàn)時間或是只有一個時間的數(shù)據(jù)；靜態(tài)圖強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)之間的對比動態(tài)圖靜態(tài)圖級別I數(shù)字

（必須讀）最高值（以時間段最終的數(shù)據(jù)決定）最高值級別II數(shù)字（必須讀）時間段最終的數(shù)據(jù)，因而這決定了最后的排名和每個對象的趨勢第二高值級別III數(shù)字（有選擇的讀）以時間段最早的數(shù)字決定，因?yàn)樗鼪Q定每個對象的趨勢最低值級別IV數(shù)字（有選擇的讀）反轉(zhuǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)（如從升到降）、趨勢變化的數(shù)據(jù)（如升勢加速的數(shù)據(jù)）、排位變化的數(shù)據(jù)（如被其它對比物體超越的數(shù)據(jù)）其他值注：如果題目中出現(xiàn)少于12個數(shù)據(jù)，最好全部閱讀，否則字?jǐn)?shù)不夠；如果多于12個，動態(tài)圖可以忽略某些級別III和IV的數(shù)字，靜態(tài)圖要將將類似的數(shù)據(jù)放在一起寫。動態(tài)圖靜態(tài)圖Step1確定圖的類別，只有一個時間的數(shù)據(jù)就是靜態(tài)圖，多于一個時間的就是動態(tài)圖Step2確定描述對象確定描述對象：一般不要以國家、性別、年齡群體等作為描述對象，即不要將國家等對象自己和自己作對比Step3確定每個對象的趨勢：上升；下降；平穩(wěn)；先升后降或者先降后升類似數(shù)據(jù)可以歸類Step4從最高值開始描述1990199520002005China5%10%10%22%France12%20%30%30%Australia25%25%20%18%US18%16%19%17%例1：Step1:確定是動態(tài)圖，因?yàn)橛?個時間；

Step2:確定有4個國家，4個對象；Step3：中國、法國上升趨勢，澳大利亞下降，

美國基本保持不變；Step4：從最高值法國開始說起；1990199520002005China5%10%10%22%France12%20%30%30%Australia25%25%20%18%US18%16%19%17%例1：數(shù)據(jù)的選擇：（總共有16個數(shù)據(jù)，說明要有取舍）級別I的數(shù)據(jù)：法國在2005年的數(shù)字；級別II的數(shù)據(jù)：2005年的4個數(shù)字；級別III的數(shù)據(jù)：1990年的4個數(shù)字；級別IV的數(shù)據(jù)：中國1995、2000年的數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)楸３忠恢?；美?995年的數(shù)字，因?yàn)槭亲畹椭?；法?000年的數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)楹?005年的數(shù)據(jù)保持一致IndustrialwateruseDomesticwateruseAgriculturalwateruseUK23%65%12%Japan20%60%20%China10%50%40%US22%43%35%例2：Step1:確定是靜態(tài)圖，因?yàn)闆]有時間；

Step2:確定有3個對象（工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和家庭用水）；不要將國家為描述對象，因?yàn)閲易约汉妥约罕容^不好。Step3：類似的數(shù)據(jù)歸類，

如工業(yè)用水，美國和日本數(shù)據(jù)類似

Step4：從最高值開始說起；IndustrialwateruseDomesticwateruseAgriculturalwateru