English grammar terms often used 英語語法常用詞語

Englishgrammartermsoftenused英語語法常用詞語1．Partsofspeech詞類noun名詞pronoun代詞numeral數(shù)詞adjective形容詞verb動詞adverb副詞article冠詞preposition介詞conjunction連詞interjection感嘆詞particle小品詞2。Wordbuilding構(gòu)詞法conversion轉(zhuǎn)化derivation派生affixation詞綴法prefix前綴suffix后綴compoundwords合成詞3．Classificationofnouns名詞的分類commonnouns普通名詞propernouns專有名詞individualnouns個體名詞collectivenouns集合名詞materialnouns物質(zhì)名詞abstractnouns抽象名詞countablenouns可數(shù)名詞uncountablenouns不可數(shù)名詞thesingularform單數(shù)形式thepluralform復數(shù)形式thecommoncase普通格thepossessivecase所有格thesubjectivecase主格theobjectivecase賓格person人稱thirdpersonsingular第三人稱單數(shù)4.Classificationofpronouns代詞的分類personalpronouns人稱代詞possessivepronouns物主代詞selfpronouns反身代詞demonstrativepronouns指示代詞interrogativepronouns疑問代詞conjunctivepronouns連接代詞relativepronouns關(guān)系代詞reciprocalpronouns相互代詞indefinitepronouns不定代詞5．數(shù)詞、形容詞、冠詞cardinalnumerals基數(shù)詞ordinalnumerals序數(shù)詞fractionalnumerals分數(shù)詞thecomparativedegree比較級thesuperlativedegree最高級Thedefinitearticle定冠詞theindefinitearticle不定冠詞6．Classificationofverbs動詞的分類nationalverbs實義動詞link-verbs系動詞auxiliaryverbs助動詞modalverbs情態(tài)動詞transitiveverbs及物動詞intransitiveverbs不及物動詞regularverbs規(guī)則動詞irregularverbs不規(guī)則動詞thepresentforms現(xiàn)在式thepastforms過去式theparticiple分詞thepresentparticiple現(xiàn)在分詞thepastparticiple過去分詞theinfinitive不定式thegerund動名詞bareinfinitive不帶to的不定式7．Tense時態(tài)thepresenttense一般現(xiàn)在時thepasttense一般過去時thefuturetense一般將來時thepastfuturetense一般過去將來時thepresentcontinuous現(xiàn)在進行時thepastcontinuous過去進行時thefuturecontinuous將來進行時thepastfuturecontinuous過去將來進行時thepresentperfect現(xiàn)在完成時thepastperfect過去完成時thefutureperfect將來完成時thepastfutureperfect過去將來完成時thepresentperfectcontinuous現(xiàn)在完成進行時thefutureperfectcontinuous將來完成進行時thepastfutureperfectcontinuous過去將來完成進行時8．Voice語態(tài)、Mood語氣thepassivevoice被動語態(tài)theactivevoice主動語態(tài)theindicativemood陳述語氣theimperativemood祈使語氣thesubjunctivemood虛擬語氣9．Classificationofadverbs副詞的分類adverbsofplace地點副詞adverbsoftime時間副詞adverbsofdegree程度副詞adverbsofmanner方式副詞adverbsoffrequency頻度副詞relativeadverbs關(guān)系副詞interrogativeadverbs疑問副詞conjunctiveadverbs連接副詞10．Membersofthesentence句子成分thesubject主語thepredicate謂語thepredicative表語theobject賓語theattribute定語theadverbial狀語theappositive同位語independentelements獨立成分thedirectobject直接賓語theindirectobject間接賓語parenthesis插入語thedoublepossessive雙重所有格theformalsubject/object形式主語/賓語subjectcomplement主語補足語objectcomplement賓語補足語11．Classificationofsentences句子的分類declarativesentences陳述句imperativesentences祈使句exclamatorysentences感嘆句interrogativesentences疑問句generalquestions一般疑問句specialquestions特殊疑問句alternativequestions選擇疑問句disjunctivequestions反意疑問句tapquestions附加疑問句simplesentences簡單句compoundsentences復合句complexsentences并列句ellipticalsentences省略句phrase短語prepositionphrases介詞短語infinitivephrases不定式短語thequestionword疑問詞12．Clauses從句mainclauses主句subjectclauses主語從句objectclauses賓語從句directspeech直接引語indirectspeech間接引語predicateclauses謂語從句predicativeclauses表語從句attributiveclauses定語從句restrictiveattributiveclauses限定性定語從句theantecedent先行詞non—restrictiveattributiveclauses非限定性定語從句appositiveclauses同位語從句adverbialclauses狀語從句adverbialclausesoftime/place/cause/condition/degree/result/concession/purpose/comparison/manner時間/地點/原因/條件/程度/結(jié)果/讓步/目的/比較/方式狀語從句sentencesofrealcondition真實條件句sentencesofunrealcondition虛擬條件句naturalword-order自然語序invertedword—order倒裝語序fullinversion完全倒裝partialinversion部分倒裝ellipsis省略transformationofsentences句型轉(zhuǎn)換analysisofsentences句子分析13。Punctuation標點符號period/fullstop句號comma逗號semicolon分號colon冒號dash破折號hyphen連字號brackets括號questionmark問號quotationmarks引號apostrophe省略號14．ThepronunciationofEnglish英語發(fā)音internationalphonetic國際音標thesoundsofEnglish英語語音vowels元音purevowels單元音diphthongs雙元音semi-vowel半元音consonants輔音nasal鼻音plosive爆破