技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口歐美的影響分析

技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口歐美的影響分析一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle隨著全球經(jīng)濟的深度融合和科技的飛速發(fā)展，電子產(chǎn)品已成為國際貿(mào)易中的重要組成部分。然而，在國際貿(mào)易中，技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘（TechnicalBarrierstoTrade，TBT）作為一種非關(guān)稅壁壘，對電子產(chǎn)品出口的影響日益顯著。本文旨在深入分析技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口歐美市場的具體影響，探討其背后的原因，以及我國企業(yè)和政府應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對這些挑戰(zhàn)。Withthedeepintegrationoftheglobaleconomyandtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,electronicproductshavebecomeanimportantcomponentofinternationaltrade.However,ininternationaltrade,TechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT),asanon-tariffbarrier,haveanincreasinglysignificantimpactontheexportofelectronicproducts.ThisarticleaimstodeeplyanalyzethespecificimpactoftechnicaltradebarriersonChina'selectronicproductexportstotheEuropeanandAmericanmarkets,explorethereasonsbehindthem,andhowChineseenterprisesandgovernmentsshouldrespondtothesechallenges.本文將概述技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的定義、特點和形成機制，闡述其在國際貿(mào)易中的地位和作用。接著，通過收集和分析相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，本文將實證研究技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口歐美市場的具體影響，包括出口規(guī)模、出口結(jié)構(gòu)、出口成本等方面的變化。同時，本文還將深入探討技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口造成影響的原因，如技術(shù)差異、標準差異、認證制度差異等。Thisarticlewilloutlinethedefinition,characteristics,andformationmechanismoftechnicaltradebarriers,andexplaintheirpositionandroleininternationaltrade.Next,bycollectingandanalyzingrelevantdata,thisarticlewillempiricallystudythespecificimpactoftechnicaltradebarriersonChina'selectronicproductexportstotheEuropeanandAmericanmarkets,includingchangesinexportscale,exportstructure,exportcosts,andotheraspects.Meanwhile,thisarticlewillalsodelveintothereasonsfortheimpactoftechnicaltradebarriersonChina'selectronicproductexports,suchastechnologicaldifferences,standarddifferences,andcertificationsystemdifferences.在此基礎(chǔ)上，本文將提出應(yīng)對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的策略和建議。對于我國企業(yè)，本文建議加強技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和競爭力；積極參與國際標準的制定和修訂，爭取在國際標準體系中發(fā)揮更大作用；加強與國際認證機構(gòu)的合作，提高產(chǎn)品的國際認證水平。對于我國政府，本文建議加強與其他國家的溝通和協(xié)調(diào)，推動建立公平、透明、合理的國際貿(mào)易規(guī)則；加大對出口企業(yè)的扶持力度，提高其應(yīng)對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的能力；加強國內(nèi)技術(shù)標準和認證制度的建設(shè)，提高國內(nèi)市場的開放度和透明度。Onthisbasis,thisarticlewillproposestrategiesandsuggestionstoaddresstechnicaltradebarriers.ForChineseenterprises,thisarticlesuggestsstrengtheningtechnologicalinnovation,improvingproductqualityandcompetitiveness;Activelyparticipateintheformulationandrevisionofinternationalstandards,strivingtoplayagreaterroleintheinternationalstandardsystem;Strengthencooperationwithinternationalcertificationbodiesandimprovetheinternationalcertificationlevelofproducts.FortheChinesegovernment,thisarticlesuggestsstrengtheningcommunicationandcoordinationwithothercountries,andpromotingtheestablishmentoffair,transparent,andreasonableinternationaltraderules;Increasesupportforexportenterprisesandenhancetheirabilitytocopewithtechnicaltradebarriers;Strengthentheconstructionofdomestictechnicalstandardsandcertificationsystems,andimprovetheopennessandtransparencyofthedomesticmarket.本文將總結(jié)全文的主要觀點和結(jié)論，并對未來的研究方向進行展望。本文的研究不僅有助于深入了解技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口的影響，也為我國企業(yè)和政府提供了有益的參考和建議，有助于推動我國電子產(chǎn)品出口在國際貿(mào)易中取得更好的成績。Thisarticlewillsummarizethemainviewpointsandconclusionsoftheentirearticle,andprovideprospectsforfutureresearchdirections.ThisstudynotonlyhelpstogainadeeperunderstandingoftheimpactoftechnicaltradebarriersonChina'selectronicproductexports,butalsoprovidesusefulreferencesandsuggestionsforChineseenterprisesandgovernments,helpingtopromotebetterresultsinChina'selectronicproductexportsininternationaltrade.二、技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的種類及其對電子產(chǎn)品出口的影響Thetypesoftechnicaltradebarriersandtheirimpactontheexportofelectronicproducts技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘（TechnicalBarrierstoTrade，簡稱TBT）是指一國以維護國家安全、保障人類健康和安全、保護動植物健康和安全、保護環(huán)境、防止欺詐行為、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量等為由，采取一些強制性或非強制性的技術(shù)性措施，這些措施主觀或客觀地成為其他國家商品自由進入該國的障礙。這些壁壘種類繁多，涉及面廣，對電子產(chǎn)品出口的影響尤為顯著。TechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT)referstomandatoryornonmandatorytechnicalmeasurestakenbyacountrytomaintainnationalsecurity,safeguardhumanhealthandsafety,protectanimalandplanthealthandsafety,protecttheenvironment,preventfraudulentbehavior,ensureproductquality,etc.Thesemeasuressubjectivelyorobjectivelybecomeobstaclestothefreeentryofgoodsfromothercountriesintothecountry.Thesebarriershaveawiderangeoftypesandhaveaparticularlysignificantimpactontheexportofelectronicproducts.技術(shù)法規(guī)和標準是技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘中最常見的形式。歐美國家針對電子產(chǎn)品制定了一系列嚴格的技術(shù)法規(guī)和標準，如電磁兼容性（EMC）、安全標準、能效標準等。這些標準通常高于國際平均水平，要求電子產(chǎn)品在環(huán)保、節(jié)能、安全等方面達到更高的水平。對于不符合這些標準的產(chǎn)品，將被禁止或限制進入歐美市場。這不僅增加了我國電子產(chǎn)品出口的成本，還限制了產(chǎn)品的市場競爭力。Technicalregulationsandstandardsarethemostcommonformsoftechnicaltradebarriers.EuropeanandAmericancountrieshaveestablishedaseriesofstricttechnicalregulationsandstandardsforelectronicproducts,suchaselectromagneticcompatibility(EMC),safetystandards,energyefficiencystandards,etc.Thesestandardsareusuallyhigherthantheinternationalaverageandrequireelectronicproductstoachievehigherlevelsofenvironmentalprotection,energyconservation,safety,andotheraspects.ProductsthatdonotmeetthesestandardswillbeprohibitedorrestrictedfromenteringtheEuropeanandAmericanmarkets.ThisnotonlyincreasesthecostofChina'selectronicproductexports,butalsolimitsthemarketcompetitivenessoftheproducts.合格評定程序是指對產(chǎn)品是否符合技術(shù)法規(guī)和標準進行的檢測、認證和批準程序。歐美國家通常要求電子產(chǎn)品必須通過其指定的認證機構(gòu)進行合格評定，才能獲得市場準入資格。這些認證程序不僅耗時耗力，而且費用高昂。對于我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)來說，必須通過這些認證程序，才能獲得歐美市場的準入資格，這無疑增加了企業(yè)的運營成本和市場風險。Thequalificationassessmentprocedurereferstothetesting,certification,andapprovalprocessforwhetheraproductcomplieswithtechnicalregulationsandstandards.EuropeanandAmericancountriesusuallyrequireelectronicproductstopasstheirdesignatedcertificationbodiesforqualificationassessmentinordertoobtainmarketaccessqualifications.Thesecertificationproceduresarenotonlytime-consumingandlabor-intensive,butalsoexpensive.ForChineseelectronicproductexportenterprises,theymustpassthesecertificationproceduresinordertoobtainaccesstotheEuropeanandAmericanmarkets,whichundoubtedlyincreasestheiroperatingcostsandmarketrisks.歐美國家對電子產(chǎn)品的包裝和標簽也提出了嚴格的要求。這些要求通常涉及產(chǎn)品的環(huán)保性、安全性、易用性等方面。不符合這些要求的包裝和標簽可能導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品被退貨或銷毀，給我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)帶來巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。EuropeanandAmericancountrieshavealsoputforwardstrictrequirementsforthepackagingandlabelingofelectronicproducts.Theserequirementstypicallyinvolveaspectssuchasenvironmentalfriendliness,safety,andeaseofuseoftheproduct.Packagingandlabelingthatdonotmeettheserequirementsmayresultinproductreturnsordestruction,causinghugeeconomiclossestoChina'selectronicproductexportenterprises.隨著信息技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，歐美國家在信息技術(shù)標準和兼容性方面設(shè)置了越來越多的壁壘。這些壁壘要求電子產(chǎn)品必須兼容其指定的信息技術(shù)標準和協(xié)議，否則將無法進入其市場。這對于我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)來說，無疑增加了技術(shù)難度和市場風險。Withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandcommunicationtechnology,EuropeanandAmericancountrieshavesetmoreandmorebarriersintermsofinformationtechnologystandardsandcompatibility.Thesebarriersrequireelectronicproductstobecompatiblewiththeirdesignatedinformationtechnologystandardsandprotocols,otherwisetheywillnotbeabletoentertheirmarket.ThisundoubtedlyincreasesthetechnicaldifficultyandmarketriskforChina'selectronicproductexportenterprises.技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口歐美的影響是多方面的。這些壁壘不僅增加了企業(yè)的運營成本和市場風險，還限制了產(chǎn)品的市場競爭力。因此，我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)需要加強技術(shù)研發(fā)和創(chuàng)新，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和環(huán)保性能，以應(yīng)對歐美市場日益嚴格的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘。政府也需要加強與國際社會的溝通與合作，推動建立公平、合理的國際貿(mào)易規(guī)則和標準體系。TheimpactoftechnicaltradebarriersonChina'selectronicproductexportstoEuropeandAmericaismultifaceted.Thesebarriersnotonlyincreasetheoperatingcostsandmarketrisksofenterprises,butalsolimitthemarketcompetitivenessofproducts.Therefore,Chineseelectronicproductexportenterprisesneedtostrengthentechnologicalresearchandinnovation,improveproductqualityandenvironmentalperformance,inordertocopewiththeincreasinglystricttechnicaltradebarriersintheEuropeanandAmericanmarkets.Thegovernmentalsoneedstostrengthencommunicationandcooperationwiththeinternationalcommunity,andpromotetheestablishmentofafairandreasonablesystemofinternationaltraderulesandstandards.三、我國電子產(chǎn)品出口歐美遭遇技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的案例分析CaseanalysisoftechnicaltradebarriersencounteredbyChina'selectronicproductexportstoEuropeandAmerica近年來，我國電子產(chǎn)品出口歐美市場遭遇技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的案例屢見不鮮。這些案例不僅揭示了技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的復(fù)雜性和多樣性，也暴露了我國電子產(chǎn)品出口在技術(shù)和質(zhì)量方面存在的問題。Inrecentyears,itisnotuncommonforChina'selectronicproductexportstoencountertechnicaltradebarriersintheEuropeanandAmericanmarkets.Thesecasesnotonlyrevealthecomplexityanddiversityoftechnicaltradebarriers,butalsoexposetheproblemsintechnologyandqualityofChina'selectronicproductexports.以歐盟的RoHS指令為例，該指令要求電子產(chǎn)品中不得含有鉛、汞、鎘、六價鉻等六種有害物質(zhì)。這一指令的實施對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口歐盟產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。許多國內(nèi)企業(yè)因為產(chǎn)品不符合RoHS指令要求，而面臨無法進入歐盟市場的困境。即使一些企業(yè)能夠通過技術(shù)改進和產(chǎn)品升級達到指令要求，也付出了巨大的成本和時間代價。TakingtheRoHSdirectiveoftheEuropeanUnionasanexample,itrequiresthatelectronicproductsmustnotcontainsixharmfulsubstances,includinglead,mercury,cadmium,hexavalentchromium,etc.TheimplementationofthisdirectivehashadahugeimpactonChina'selectronicproductexportstotheEuropeanUnion.ManydomesticenterprisesfacethedilemmaofnotbeingabletoentertheEUmarketduetotheirproductsnotmeetingtherequirementsoftheRoHSDirective.Evenifsomecompaniesareabletomeetthedirectiverequirementsthroughtechnologicalimprovementsandproductupgrades,theyhavepaidahugecostandtimecost.美國對電子產(chǎn)品實施的UL認證和FCC認證也是我國電子產(chǎn)品出口面臨的重要技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘。UL認證主要針對產(chǎn)品的安全性能，而FCC認證則關(guān)注產(chǎn)品的電磁兼容性。由于這些認證標準嚴格，認證流程復(fù)雜，許多國內(nèi)企業(yè)在申請過程中遇到了諸多困難。一些企業(yè)因為無法通過認證，而失去了進入美國市場的機會。TheULcertificationandFCCcertificationimplementedbytheUnitedStatesforelectronicproductsarealsoimportanttechnicaltradebarriersfacedbyChina'selectronicproductexports.ULcertificationmainlyfocusesonthesafetyperformanceofproducts,whileFCCcertificationfocusesontheelectromagneticcompatibilityofproducts.Duetothestrictcertificationstandardsandcomplexcertificationprocesses,manydomesticenterpriseshaveencounteredmanydifficultiesintheapplicationprocess.SomecompanieshavelosttheopportunitytoentertheUSmarketduetotheirinabilitytopasscertification.這些案例表明，技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘已經(jīng)成為影響我國電子產(chǎn)品出口歐美的重要因素。為了應(yīng)對這些壁壘，我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)需要加強技術(shù)研發(fā)和產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新，提高產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)水平和質(zhì)量。還需要加強與國際標準的對接，提高產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力。只有這樣，才能在全球貿(mào)易中立于不敗之地。ThesecasesindicatethattechnicaltradebarriershavebecomeanimportantfactoraffectingChina'selectronicproductexportstoEuropeandAmerica.Inordertocopewiththesebarriers,China'selectronicproductexportenterprisesneedtostrengthentechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentandproductinnovation,andimprovethetechnicallevelandqualityoftheirproducts.Wealsoneedtostrengthentheconnectionwithinternationalstandardsandimprovetheinternationalcompetitivenessofourproducts.Onlyinthiswaycanwestandinvincibleinglobaltrade.四、應(yīng)對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的策略和建議StrategiesandSuggestionsforDealingwithTechnicalTradeBarriers面對歐美等發(fā)達國家設(shè)置的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘，我國電子產(chǎn)品出口行業(yè)需要采取一系列應(yīng)對策略和建議，以減輕其對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口的影響，提高我國電子產(chǎn)品在國際市場上的競爭力。InthefaceoftechnicaltradebarrierssetbydevelopedcountriessuchasEuropeandAmerica,China'selectronicproductexportindustryneedstoadoptaseriesofresponsestrategiesandsuggestionstoreduceitsimpactonChina'selectronicproductexportsandimprovethecompetitivenessofChina'selectronicproductsintheinternationalmarket.我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)應(yīng)加大在技術(shù)研發(fā)和創(chuàng)新方面的投入，提升產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量和附加值。通過不斷的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和性能，以滿足歐美市場對高品質(zhì)電子產(chǎn)品的需求。同時，積極申請國內(nèi)外專利，保護自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，增強產(chǎn)品的核心競爭力。Chineseelectronicproductexportenterprisesshouldincreasetheirinvestmentintechnologyresearchandinnovation,enhancethetechnologicalcontentandaddedvalueoftheirproducts.Throughcontinuoustechnologicalinnovation,weaimtoimprovethequalityandperformanceofourproductstomeetthedemandforhigh-qualityelectronicproductsintheEuropeanandAmericanmarkets.Atthesametime,activelyapplyfordomesticandforeignpatents,protectindependentintellectualpropertyrights,andenhancethecorecompetitivenessofproducts.我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)應(yīng)按照國際標準和歐美市場的要求，完善質(zhì)量管理體系，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量水平。加強與國際接軌的認證和檢測工作，如ISO9000系列認證、CE認證等，確保產(chǎn)品符合國際標準和歐美市場準入要求。ChineseelectronicproductexportenterprisesshouldimprovetheirqualitymanagementsystemandenhancetheirproductqualitylevelinaccordancewithinternationalstandardsandtherequirementsofEuropeanandAmericanmarkets.Strengthenthecertificationandtestingworkinlinewithinternationalstandards,suchasISO9000seriescertification,CEcertification,etc.,toensurethatproductsmeetinternationalstandardsandmarketaccessrequirementsinEuropeandAmerica.加強與歐美等發(fā)達國家在電子產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)域的合作與交流，積極參與國際標準和規(guī)則的制定，爭取在國際舞臺上發(fā)揮更大的作用。通過合作與交流，了解歐美市場的需求和標準變化，為我國電子產(chǎn)品出口提供有力的支持。StrengthencooperationandexchangeswithdevelopedcountriessuchasEuropeandAmericainthefieldofelectronicproducts,activelyparticipateintheformulationofinternationalstandardsandrules,andstrivetoplayagreaterroleontheinternationalstage.Throughcooperationandcommunication,wecanunderstandthedemandandstandardchangesintheEuropeanandAmericanmarkets,andprovidestrongsupportforChina'selectronicproductexports.建立針對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的預(yù)警和應(yīng)對機制，及時收集和分析歐美等發(fā)達國家的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘信息，為企業(yè)提供決策支持和風險預(yù)警。同時，加強與政府部門的溝通與合作，爭取政策支持和幫助，共同應(yīng)對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的挑戰(zhàn)。Establishawarningandresponsemechanismfortechnicaltradebarriers,timelycollectandanalyzeinformationontechnicaltradebarriersindevelopedcountriessuchasEuropeandAmerica,andprovidedecision-makingsupportandriskwarningforenterprises.Atthesametime,strengthencommunicationandcooperationwithgovernmentdepartments,seekpolicysupportandassistance,andjointlyaddressthechallengesoftechnicaltradebarriers.加強電子產(chǎn)品行業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)工作，提高從業(yè)人員的素質(zhì)和能力。通過引進和培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)人才，提升我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)在技術(shù)研發(fā)、質(zhì)量管理、國際貿(mào)易等方面的水平，為我國電子產(chǎn)品出口提供有力的人才保障。Strengthenthetalentcultivationworkintheelectronicproductindustry,andimprovethequalityandabilityofpractitioners.Byintroducingandcultivatinghigh-qualitytalents,weaimtoenhancetheleveloftechnologyresearchanddevelopment,qualitymanagement,internationaltrade,andotheraspectsofChina'selectronicproductexportenterprises,providingstrongtalentsupportforChina'selectronicproductexports.我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)在應(yīng)對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘方面需要采取多種策略和建議，包括加強技術(shù)研發(fā)和創(chuàng)新、完善質(zhì)量管理體系和標準、加強國際合作與交流、建立預(yù)警和應(yīng)對機制以及培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)人才等。通過這些措施的實施，可以有效減輕技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口的影響，提高我國電子產(chǎn)品在國際市場上的競爭力。Chineseelectronicproductexportenterprisesneedtoadoptvariousstrategiesandsuggestionsindealingwithtechnicaltradebarriers,includingstrengtheningtechnologicalresearchandinnovation,improvingqualitymanagementsystemsandstandards,strengtheninginternationalcooperationandexchanges,establishingwarningandresponsemechanisms,andcultivatinghigh-qualitytalents.Throughtheimplementationofthesemeasures,theimpactoftechnicaltradebarriersonChina'selectronicproductexportscanbeeffectivelyreduced,andthecompetitivenessofChina'selectronicproductsintheinternationalmarketcanbeimproved.五、結(jié)論Conclusion技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘作為國際貿(mào)易中一種重要的非關(guān)稅壁壘，對我國的電子產(chǎn)品出口歐美市場產(chǎn)生了顯著的影響。通過對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的深入分析和研究，我們可以得出以下幾點Technicaltradebarriers,asanimportantnon-tariffbarrierininternationaltrade,havehadasignificantimpactonChina'selectronicproductexportstoEuropeanandAmericanmarkets.Throughin-depthanalysisandresearchontechnicaltradebarriers,wecandrawthefollowingpoints技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對我國電子產(chǎn)品出口歐美市場的數(shù)量和金額產(chǎn)生了一定的負面影響。由于歐美國家在技術(shù)法規(guī)、標準和合格評定程序等方面設(shè)置了較高的門檻，使得我國的電子產(chǎn)品難以達到其要求，從而限制了我國電子產(chǎn)品的出口。這種限制不僅影響了我國電子產(chǎn)品在歐美市場的競爭力，還對我國電子產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展造成了一定的沖擊。TechnicaltradebarriershavehadacertainnegativeimpactonthequantityandamountofChina'selectronicproductexportstotheEuropeanandAmericanmarkets.DuetothehighthresholdssetbyEuropeanandAmericancountriesintermsoftechnicalregulations,standards,andconformityassessmentprocedures,itisdifficultforChina'selectronicproductstomeettheirrequirements,therebylimitingtheexportofelectronicproductsfromChina.ThisrestrictionnotonlyaffectsthecompetitivenessofChina'selectronicproductsintheEuropeanandAmericanmarkets,butalsohasacertainimpactonthedevelopmentofChina'selectronicindustry.技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘也促進了我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)品升級。為了應(yīng)對歐美國家的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘，我國電子產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)不得不加大技術(shù)研發(fā)和產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新的力度，提高產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量和附加值。這種技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)品升級的過程，不僅提升了我國電子產(chǎn)品的整體質(zhì)量水平，還推動了我國電子產(chǎn)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級。TechnicaltradebarriershavealsopromotedthetechnologicalinnovationandproductupgradingofChina'selectronicproductexportenterprises.InordertocopewiththetechnicaltradebarriersofEuropeanandAmericancountries,Chineseelectronicproductexportenterpriseshavetoincreasetheireffortsintechnologyresearchandproductinnovation,improvethetechnologicalcontentandaddedvalueoftheirproducts.ThisprocessoftechnologicalinnovationandproductupgradingnotonlyenhancestheoverallqualitylevelofChina'selectronic